lump-sum grants (typically below EUR 10.000) that support SMES to contract universities, R&d service providers or private consultants to either conduct small innovation projects or to explore the feasibility of larger ones.
The LOTUS consortium consists of three research institutes (FOI, TNO, AIT), two industrial groups (SAAB, Bruker), three SMES (Portendo, Ramem, Bruhn Newtech), the University of Barcelona,
The SGL for USAR consortium led by the National Technical University of Athens has developed a portable locator for urban search
National Technical University of Athens, Greece Country participants: Greece, Italy, Germany, United kingdom, Finland, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Austria, France For more information:
*Franz To dtling b a Austrian Research centers Seibersdorf, Systems Research Technology Economy Environment, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria b Department of City and Regional Development, University
, universities) is reduced not by the support instruments. Furthermore, they perform insufficiently the function of interfaces to innovation-related resources and information from outside the region.
, universities and other research organizations, vocational training institutions, technology centres and transfer agencies) and the structure of the regional economy (dominant industries, availability of service firms and adequate suppliers, organizations providing innovation finance).
in particular concentrating on technology centres and technical colleges. The most important institutions in the so-called Upper Austrian Technology Network are the six technology centres.
Another element of the technologyand innovation-related system are established the recently three technical colleges (Fachhochschulen.
The regional university, located in Linz, is compared relatively small to the major university locations in Austria, Vienna and Graz,
and it is specialized not in technology. There are also no major contract research organizations as in other parts of Austria.
SMES are rarely interacting with universities, contract research organizations, technology centres, and training institutions (see also Cooke et al.,
53.1 Suppliers 60.7 40.7 79.7 39.1 Other firms (horizontal relations) 27.1 10.0 37.5 15.6 Service firms 34.3 15.0 46.9 20.3 Universities
Only universities are more important on the national level, because the most important universities are located outside Upper Austria.
A too dominant focus on the region limits the scope of available technical information technologies, and accessible markets.
The SWP was founded in 1987, initiated by a department of the University of Linz (Research Institute for Symbolic Computation.
Today the centre comprises three types of institutions university departments, a technical college, and firms.
Accordingly, the innovation-related activities cover research, higher education and training, and applied industrial development. Research is done primarily by the three departments of the University of Linz
which are located partly in Hagenberg, teaching by the technical college (offering the courses Media Engineering and Media Design and Software engineering),
and industrial development projects by the firms. The 27 companies in the park are predominantly very small.
Higher education receives federal funds, but additional subsidies are rare. Currently, there are approximately 100 persons working in the park.
The technical college has about 300 students. Networking between scientific institutes, research laboratories firms, and the technical college is an important organizational principle of the centre.
The Research and Training Centre for Labour and Technology (FAZAT) is located in one of the old industrial areas of Austria in Steyr.
The original plan of an incubation centre was extended soon to the more ambitious project of a technology centre including a technical college.
In the field of process automation (especially robotics) the Institute for Flexible Automatization of the Technical University of Vienna has a contract research subsidiary in the FAZAT
The support instruments have not been successful in helping firms to establish relations with universities and other research organizations, especially interactive relations in joint innovation projects.
but this might change in the future with the increasing importance of technical colleges which are still very young institutions in Austria.
university industry interactions in four fields. Research Policy 27,835 851. Obero sterreichische Technologie-und Marketinggesellschaft (TMG), 1998.
Alexander Kaufmann obtained his Mag. and Dr. degrees from the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.
Since 1996 he was scientific collaborator of the Department of City and Regional Development at the same university.
Franz To dtling is Professor at the Department of City and Regional Development, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.
Saxion Hogeschool Ijselland University of Professional Education, Netherlands: Kjell-Erik Bugge, Henk Blokland, Hans Hasselt, Goos Lier.
University of Siegen, Germany: Friederike Welter, Susanne Kolb, Daniel Heinemann, Kai Althoff, Kerstin Ettl. P05:
by pointing out that strong research at universities does not necessarily imply positive spillover effects to industrial R&d,
which emphasizes governmentindustry-university relations, as being related to the RIS concept. 7 deeper insights into some of the elements
and intensity of science in the universities in a region such as the number of people engaged in science and research,
the overall quality of human capital and the numbers of star scientists employed in regional institutions and universities.
, Antonelli 2003), well-established universities (e g.,, Lawton-Smith 2003,2005), global technology leadership in some regions (e g.,
In this regard, universities, science parks and the like may influence the level of RTD because they contribute to the stock of regional knowledge
Such an infrastructure includes universities, public and private R&d institutions, a sufficient supply of highly qualified labour and a generally good infrastructure of business support institutions.
universities or research institutions triggered regional development with a particular role for R&d. Examples include Silicon valley, Route 128 or Cambridge in the UK.
In industry-led networks RTD-intensive large firms are the innovative hub, with close links to university research.
Lawton-Smith (2005) illustrates the effect key actors can have on local capacity building drawing on the example of star scientists who link locally based scientific institutions to the international academic community.
, well-established universities), the presence of world leaders in specialised niches, sector-specific localisation economies and general effects of agglomeration, public support for training and technical initiatives,
The author shows how high-technology firms in the electronics sector used the regional strengths of North East England and drew on universities in building up their companies,
Instruments include, for example, the establishment of science parks, subsidies to foster R&d personnel in smaller firms and the exchange of scientific personnel 19 between universities and firms, programmes for scientific cooperation and measures
On the other hand, Karlsson and Andersson (2005), in their study on Sweden, indicate that the spatial pattern of industrial R&d is sensitive to the location of university R&d,
In summarising a number of studies on university technology transfer efforts, Phan and Siegel (2006) consider the following lessons to be taken from these studies:
The authors moreover point to the fact that universities need to think strategically about this process,
as their review demonstrates that university administrators appear to be concerned more often with protecting intellectual property rights
Innovation policy focuses on interaction between firms and with the institu 20 tional infrastructure, such as R&d and higher education institutions.
which would involve being near to universities and scientific research institutions. More recently, in connection with the recent trend on creativity and its relation to regional RTD, one study started arguing for regional RTD policies to be oriented more towards the different types of knowledge in innovative industries (Hogni Kalso
namely an increase in R&d activities within universities, are not sufficient to create the conditions necessary for new agglomerations to emerge.
Examples include universities which produce specialised knowledge and trained personnel, industry associations offering specialised services or financing institutions such as venture capital fonds and business angels.
Technology/spin-off clusters often are promoted through government policies or university initiatives. In a way, they resemble the hub
-and-spoke model with the university or government agency being the catalyst for locational processes, although other authors have voiced some concern about the possibilities of external agencies in fostering such agglomerations (O'Gorman and Kautonen 2004, Phan and Siegel 2006.
Each cluster might take a variety of generic structural forms, based on either power asymmetries, commercial relationships or interactions with noncommercial actors such as municipalities or universities;
which has been included because of the university environment, and Boston/Route 128, which has been chosen for its demonstrated potential to overcome a crisis. Montpellier in South France stands for The french technopole concept,
or the‘Bangalore University'with 250,000 students as well as a number of public research institutes covering various areas such as IT, artificial intelligence, production technologies, aircraft-/aerospace (Fromhold-Eisebith and Eisebith 1999).
Many local universities and research centres foster knowledge spillovers into industry and close research-industry cooperation.
This is supported by the‘academic flair'of Bangalore as a university city. Bangalore's software cluster owes‘its origins
In the first place, its resources in terms of the excellent educational 40 infrastructure with first-class universities (e g.,, Harvard, MIT) are the basis for the highly skilled workforce available in the area.
the ability of the local university to attract research funds is compared extraordinary to other universities.
Concerning science, there are several higher education institutes with about 35,000 students. The University of Bremen is the largest amongst them educating 22,000 students.
Furthermore, there are renowned nonuniversity based research institutes like a Max-Planck-Institute or a Fraunhofer Institute.
The technology park‘University of Bremen, 'founded at the end of the 1980s, contains the university, the technology and incubation centre‘BITZ'as well as numerous companies.
A main issue in Bremen contributing to the emergence of an innovative milieu are policies
This is because Montpellier has been a university city since the 13th century with 3 universities and several technical and graduate colleges.
, universities, research institutes), existing economic starting-points and future prospects. The pôles are:‘‘Euromédicine'for medicine, pharmacy and biotechnology,‘Agropolis'for tropical and Mediterranean agronomy,‘Antenna'to support the development of telecommunications and audiovisual techniques and‘Informatique'for microelectronics, data processing, etc.
although, Aalborg University is home to 12,500 students and employs more than 1, 700 people (Stoerring and Christensen 2004;
the Aalborg University and the university based‘NOVI'science park that is concentrated on the ICT sector.
Biomedico was initiated by the of 49 ficial institutions‘Aalborg Commercial Council'and‘The Industrial Liaisons Office'at Aalborg University,
and fostering the cluster representatives of university, policy, and industry (Stoerring and Christensen 2004). It was formalised in 2003 by the initiators
Aalborg University is of great advantage for North Jutland. Established in 1974, today it has 13,000 students and 1, 700 employees (Pedersen and Dalum 2004).
The university delivering engineers and basic research is seen as a core asset of the region (Stoerring and Dalum 2006).
The strong university research capacity is combined with a long tradition and specific character of the cooperation between university and industry.‘
that the region build on its core assets, namely ICT (Norcom) and the emerging life sciences at university for Biomedico.
Stoerring and Dalum 2006), all of which for example is reflected in the strong university-industry cooperations to be seen in the region and in the cluster initiatives.
The only exceptions to this are the Nordic pharmaceutical firms and some others with large R&d investments and good collaboration with universities (OECD 2001.
6 research parks, 11 university hospitals, 14 cooperating universities(‘Oresund University')are populated by 140,000 students, 10,000 scientists and 6,
500 Phds providing active cooperation with 800 other universities worldwide. Strong basic academic research and a long tradition for clinical research as well as a good cooperation climate between research and economy help fostering knowledge spillovers (Boston Consulting Group 2002.
The latter, a joint non-profit-making organisation for the biomedical firms in the Oresund 52 area, acts as an intermediate between universities, enterprises,
because it has undergone a‘dramatic transformation in its economy in the last 40 years'from‘being a rural county with a historic university
Oxfordshire is home to four universities: Amongst them, the most famous is Oxford university, dating back to 54 the 13th century
The only 10 years old Oxford Brookes University is home to 18,000 students. All guarantee a constant flow of high qualified people (Oxfordshire County Council 2005,2006.
Moreover, it illustrates the role universities could play in fostering regional RTD. 55 4. 2. 8. Prato:
universities Existence of education and vocational training institutions Special R&d support and education, instruments for research transfer Existence of technical culture Common values such as trust and reciprocity
including research institutions and universities on macro level, educational and vocational training institutions on meso level and specific R&d support and education programmes as well as measures fostering research transfer on the micro level.
Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg Amin A. and N. Thrift (1994: Living in the Global.
University Press. Asheim, B. 1995: Industrial districts as‘learning regions':'A condition for prosperity? STEP Report, R-03.
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Technical University Freiberg. Fromhold-Eisebith, M. 1995: Das'kreative Milieu'als Motor regionalwirtschaftlicher Entwicklung. Forschungstrends und Erfassungsmöglichkeiten.
Industry R&d and University R&d How are related they? Paper to the ERSA Conference 2005. econpapers. repec. org.
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SMEPOL report no. 4. MERIT, Maastricht University, Maastricht. Neergaard H. 1998: Networks as Vehicles of Internationalization:
The Effectiveness of University Technology Transfer: Lessons learned from Quantitative and Qualitative Research in the U s. and the U k. Rensselaer Working papers in Economics,#0609.
The role of universities in cluster emergence process. Comparative case study of the Cambridge cluster and an emerging Biomedico cluster in North Jutland.
-34) with tertiary education, share of renewable energy, greenhouse gas emissions and a slight decrease in the share of population at risk of poverty (although with a negative evolution since the crisis started in 2008.
30-34 who have completed successfully tertiary education(%)14.8 14.8 14.4 16.3 (10) 18.5 17.9 19.0 20.1 22.4 23.9 25.7 28.1: 7. 0 34.6 19
30-34 who have completed successfully tertiary education(%)14.8 14.8 14.4 16,3 (10) 18.5 17.9 19.0 20.1 22.4 23.9 25.7 28.1: 7. 0 34.6 19
The Role of Logistics'Information and Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive. 56 Introna, L. D.,(1991.
in order to test the relationship between ICT-enabled innovation and the share of employees with an university degree.
The result leads to the conclusion that changes in share of employees with a higher university degree positively affect the likelihood of conducting ICT-enabled innovations According to the survey,
about 14%of the workforce in the TLS industry has a college or university degree.
Exhibit 3. 2-2 Average percentage of employees with a college/university degree (by firm size) 19 911 9 14 0 5 10 15 20
Willi A. Petersen, Meter Revill, Tonyward and Carsten Wehmeyer (Flensburg University, Germany and York University, UK).
and skill-formation for the optimal use of the ICT technical equipment. 14%of the TLS workforce with university or college degree (Exhibit 3. 2-3) represents a higher value of high
%Exhibit 3. 2-3 Employees with university degree (by sectors) 18 11 1114 26 0 10 20 30 40 50 Retail Chemical TLS
and almost every further and higher education institution makes use of open source software. The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost,
coordinated by University Bordeaux 1 with 47 partners and more than 300 researchers. 81 ATHENA Advanced Technologies for Interoperability of Heterogeneous Enterprise Networks and their Applications-Is integrated an Project sponsored by the European commission in support
is expected by the public. 103 102 Allen et al, University of Westminster, January 2003, Modelling policy measures and company initiatives for sustainable urban distribution Final Technical Report 103
the company have faced important challenges due to the poor workforce educational level (80%of the employees don't have high school studies).
e-collaboration and ICT-enabled innovation This section explores how the following two factors are linked with the degree of ICTENABLED innovation in a company. the skills composition of a company (measured as the percentage of employees with a college
or university degree the use of e-collaboration tools (such as SCM or other applications to share information about inventory levels with business partners) to share data with business partners The analysis is conducted at the micro-level,
Firms characterised by a higher share of employees with a university degree are more likely to conduct ICT-enabled innovations, in comparison with their peergroup in the same sector.
The main explanatory variable is the share of employees with a higher university degree. To additionally account for the effect of internal capacity on innovation,
To analyse the relationship between ICT-enabled innovation and the share of employees with a university degree,
Changes in share of employees with a higher university degree positively affect the likelihood of conducting ICT-enabled innovations.
Effect of employee skills on ICT-enabled innovation activity Independent variable a Coefficient Standard Error%of employees with higher university degree (G11) 0. 005**0. 002 IT practitioners
In addition, the regression includes dummy variables controlling for the percentage of employees with a higher university degree, firm size, age and country of origin.
B3) 0. 362***0. 060 IT practitioners (E1) 0. 571***0. 195%of employees with higher university degree (G11) 0. 003 0. 004
but one of the most important challenges has been the high resistance to changes in the organisation of work by some employees (80%of the employees don't have high school studies).
which could be provided by vocational and higher education institutions or professional educational programme vendors (private operators). The picture that emerges from the survey is that ICT skills are a decisive issue, especially among SMES, notably at the managerial level,
Allen et al, University of Westminster, January 2003, Modelling policy measures and company initiatives for sustainable urban distribution Final Technical Report.
Willi A. Petersen, Meter Revill, Tony Ward and Carsten Wehmeyer (Flensburg University, Germany and York University, UK), Manuscript ca. 140 pp.
The Impact of I t. on the Degree of Outsourcing, the Number of Suppliers and the Duration of Contracts, Working Paper 95-12, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
A Computer programme for Stochastic Frontier Production and Cost Function Estimation, Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New england, Armidale, Australia.
The Role of Logistics'Information and Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive.
2007. http://post. economics. harvard. edu/faculty/jorgenson/papers/Industryoriginsamericanprodresurg 07 0613. pdf (last accessed on the 23rd of August 2007).
mimeographed) http://post. economics. harvard. edu/faculty/jorgenson/papers/Retroprodgrowthresurg 070203. pdf (last accessed on the 23rd of August 2007.
Unpublished Diploma Thesis. Humboldt-University, Berlin. Nordhaus, W. D. The Recent Recession, The Current Recovery,
Wharton School Working Paper 97-07, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Reding, V. Speech 06. The role of ICT in innovation and growth, Forum de la Nouvelle Economie, Madrid, May 2006.
Our stakeholders include public authorities, universities, research centres, industry, civil society and other organisations. Only with their engagement and mobilisation we can satisfy societal needs using ICT solutions.
for example, enrol in higher education, register a car and participate in a public tender throughout Europe.
The key elements to reach such a digital success include access to top universities and research & development centers, together with funding opportunities.
ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector William R. Black*and Marina van Geenhuizen***Department of Geography Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA e-mail:
black@indiana. edu**Faculty Technology, Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft The netherlands e-mail:
Bloomington, Indiana University Press. Boyle, L. N, . and Mannering, F. 2004). Impact of traveler advisory systems on driving speed:
universities, research centres and other accredited ICT knowledge and service providers. The voucher provides the company with easy access to specialist services,
and Nicola Zannone1 1 Eindhoven University of Technology {s. vavilis n. zannone}@ tue. nl 2 Philips Research Eindhoven milan. petkovic@philips. com
THECS is a Dutch national project in the COMMIT program with 11 partners including representatives from industry, Dutch research institutes, Dutch universities and hospitals.
Phd thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (2008) 29. Hart, M.,Johnson, R.,Stent, A.:
bala@mgmt. iisc. ernet. in, 2 Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, 3 Indian Institute of Science. This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on Entrepreneurship
L25, L26 The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United nations University (UNU) as its first research
Finland Typescript prepared by Lisa Winkler at UNU-WIDER The views expressed in this publication are those of the author (s). Publication does not imply endorsement by the Institute or the United nations University, nor by the programme/project sponsors, of any of the views expressed. aggregate ONE-WAY ANOVA,
In a subsequent study, Cosh and Hughes for the University of Cambridge (1996) covered the same 2028 SMES for the period 1986 95,
Catholic University, Nijmegen Business school. Coad, A, . and R. Rao (2008).‘‘Innovation and Firm Growth in High-tech Sectors:
University of Cambridge, ESRC Centre for Business Research. Danneels, E, . and E. J. Kleinschmidt (2001).‘
an academic research institute affiliated with Mcmaster University, investigated physicians'willingness to pay as a component of a larger provincial programme for the computerisation of medical practices (known as COMPETE, the Computerisation of Medical practices for the Enhancement of Therapeutic Effectiveness Study).
Determinants of success The significant role of Divisions of General Practice and of the University of Western australia The Great Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN
The University of Western australia's Centre for Software Practice (UWA Centre) provided dedicated technical support under a not-for-profit partnership agreement.
Background and benefits The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) was established in 2007 as a not-for-profit association between the Great Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN) and the University of Western australia (UWA) Centre for Software Practice.
The University was not new to this type of partnerships as it had managed for over three decades population health data in Western australia on behalf of the Department of health.
The quality of the information recorded depends partly on the records being kept in accordance with the ADEMD guidelines (Dutch College of General practitioners guideline for the Adequate Management of the Electronic Medication Record.
The Government aims to create a world's best practice higher education and Vocational education and Training (VET) system that provide the skills needed for jobs of the future.
as well as allowing higher education providers to set course fees. Established the Trade Support Loans programme to provide income contingent loans of up to $20,
and implement‘Mathematics by inquiry'programmes for primary and secondary schools, which will be similar to other innovative online curriculum resources supporting the Australian Curriculum;
provide seed funding to pilot an innovation-focused‘P-TECH'styled secondary education initiative; and increase student participation in‘Summer schools for STEM students',particularly for girls, disadvantaged and Indigenous students, including those living in regional and remote areas.
The Government will reduce red tape in the higher education sector by simplifying and reducing duplication of reporting requirements.
Our mining advantage is not just about resources in the ground Groundprobe is a Queensland company with its origins in university research.
while Australia has a world-class university sector, relatively little of our considerable research output translates into patents
which it turns its innovation inputs into outputs (Cornell University et al, 2014). Reducing regulation although Australia has abundant mineral resources and many willing overseas buyers, delays in approval processes (Productivity Commission,
the Government is expanding the demand-driven higher education system to all sub-bachelor courses and is deregulating fees from 2016.
There are over 2 million Australian small businesses (Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary education, 2012.
higher education; early childhood; and manufacturing. Each jurisdiction has committed also to examining red tape in a particular small business sector.
and Territory governments and the sector to improve the whole education system from primary education to higher education
Primary and secondary schooling While primary and secondary education are primarily the responsibility of the States and Territories,
the Government made an election commitment to restore the focus on science and mathematics in primary and secondary schools.
The‘Science by Doing'programme supports science teaching teams in secondary schools and is intended to increase engagement of secondary school students with science.
The Government provided $5 million over four years in the 2014-15 Budget to maintain these programmes and,
) TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 48 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda A more competitive higher education sector The Government is committed also to improving the higher education sector through deregulation
Australia's university system is regarded highly, but its flexibility to respond to student and industry needs,
which contributes to seven of Australia's universities being rated in the world's top 100 universities in the latest QS ranking (2014),
and 14 of our universities in the top 100 under 50-years old, in the latest Times Higher education results (2014).
However, the Review of the Demand Driven Funding System (2014) suggested universities need greater control over their capacity to raise resources
Also, stakeholders raised concerns in the Review of Higher education Regulation regarding the burden of reporting requirements (Phillipskpa, 2013.
In the 2014-15 Budget, the Government announced the expansion of the demand driven system to all accredited bachelor and sub-bachelor courses at all approved higher education institutions,
The continuation of the Higher education Loan Programme means no student will have to pay up front for their university study.
The Government has accepted also all of the recommendations of the Review of Higher education Regulation, and is committed to reducing red tape in the sector by reducing duplication
The Tertiary education Quality and Standards Agency is committed also to improving the timeliness of its regulatory activities and to deregulation of the sector.
and improve the quality of research and teaching, with the goal of a world-class higher education system that meets the needs of Australian and international students.
Capitalising on international education opportunities Monash University has over 64,000 students 21,000 of them international with offshore campuses in Malaysia and South africa,
when their income exceeds a minimum repayment threshold ($53, 345 in 2014-15), consistent with the arrangements for university students under the Higher education Loan Programme.
'These maths-in-schools programmes for primary and secondary school students will deliver innovative and engaging teaching
having regard to the United states'Pathways in Technology Early College High school (P-TECH) model. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 52 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda In that model, P-TECHS span high school and college, offering a six
-year associate degree to help young people successfully transition from education to work with the knowledge and capabilities
Students will undertake regular high school curriculum subjects alongside technical subjects such as computer programming, graphics, logic and problem solving.
and informed by the Productivity Commission review of Childcare and Early childhood education. The gap between women's and men's labour force participation rate is 16.7 percentage points for those aged 25 to 34 years and 11.9 percentage points for those aged 15 years and older (OECD, 2014b.
000 for small and medium enterprises to engage university or science agency (e g. CSIRO) researchers on specific projects;
It aligns with the Government's measures to reform the higher education sector, and our focus on realising the potential of health research.
According to the Global Innovation Index, we are 81st out of 143 countries on how effectively we get returns from research, ideas and institutions (Cornell University et al, 2014.
and commercialisation of Australia's high quality science and research output, including through improving connections between government, research organisations, universities and businesses.
employing over 4. 5 million Australians and contributing around a third of private sector production (Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary education, 2012).
The Government is deregulating the higher education sector, and funding major projects and providing incentives to ensure Australia has the economic infrastructure it needs for the future.
and Development PIV Premium Investor visa PPL Paid Parental Leave P-TECH Pathways in Technology Early College High school Pwc Pricewaterhousecoopers QS Quacquarelli
Trends in Global Higher education: Tracking an Academic Revolution. Paris: United nations educational scientific and cultural organization. Asian Development Bank. 2011). ) Asia 2050:
TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 98 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO.
Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO. Criscuolo, C.,Gal, P. N, . & Menon, C. 2014). The Dynamics of Employment Growth:
Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary education. 2012). ) Australian Small Business: Key Statistics and Analysis. Canberra:
University of Technology Sydney. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 100 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Hamshere, P.,Sheng, Y.,Moir, B.,Syed, F,
University of Melbourne, Department of economics, Research Paper Number 1023. University of Melbourne. Mayor of Chicago. 2012, February 28.
Mayor Emanuel Announces New Partnership with Five Technology Companies to Create New Early College Schools.
Retrieved September 2014, from http://www. cityofchicago. org/city/en/depts/mayor/press room/press releases/2012/february 2012/mayor emanuel announcesnewpartnershipwithfivetechnologycompanies. html Mccallum, R.,Moore, M,
) Review of Reporting Requirements for Universities. Richmond: Phillipskpa. Pollenzier, From Little Things, Deloitte. 2012). ) Silicon Beach:
) QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS 2013. Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 104 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Rayner, V,
http://www. conference-board. org/data/economydatabase/Times Higher education. 2014, October. Times Higher education World University rankings 2014-15.
Retrieved October 2014, from http://www. timeshighereducation. co. uk/worlduniversity-rankings/2014-15/world-ranking Toohey, T. 2013, March 9).
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