14 companies, 4 universities, 12 research institutes, 2 public athorities, 8 cathalist organizations, 2 associations and 1 entreprenurial association.
The academic and research composition in the agrofood field is represented well at regional level, by the existence of PHD schools in the fields of Horticulture, Agronomy and Zootechny at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary medicine, The Zootechnical Research center, The Research
In the academia and research area in the field of biotechnologies, the Northeast Region has Biologic Research Institute, Antibiotics Research Institute, Medicine and Farmacy University (UMF Gr.
which has a fiziofarmcology and clinic research platform related to the nononcological and oncological pains, a Biology Faculty inside the University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, a Regional Oncology Research Institute and a County Clinic
From the perspective of academia and research dimension, the region holds a Research and Technological Engineering Institute FIBRESIN, a Textile Research center, a Textile, Leather and Industrial Management Faculty with a PHD school.
which joints 14 companies, 4 universities and research institutes, as well as cathalist organizations. From the perspective of the academia and research composition, the region has a PHD school inside the Authomatics and Computer Faculty of the Gheorghe Asachi University, another one inside the Electronics, Telecommunications and Information technology Faculty, a Research
and Tecvhnology Transfer Center POLYTECH, a National Research and development Institute for Technical Fizics, a Research center for Fuzzy systems,
Inteligent Systems and Biomedical Engineering, research units in the field at the University for medicine and Pharmacy GR.
and thematics of the courses introduced in schools and universities); support for educators in familiarizing with new trends and technologies in priority sectors of activity.
To this purpose, it was exemplified the case of a professor at a faculty in the field who
So, if you don't enter in any other faculty, you can still orientate your carier toward the textile industry...
In the IT&C sector this center take the shape of a corporatist university an integrated training program,
or research institutes or universities) Global Value Chain analysis The panels working on candidate smart specialization fields followed a set of criteria in choosing the most promising R&i programs.
The consortium involved policy-makers, a variety of types of research institutes (including private ones), universities
-around 90 Romanian universities, both public and private; 4 World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014,2013, p. 26.5 World bank, Functional Review of the Research, Development & Innovation Sector in Romania, 2011
with universities leading the way, followed at a considerable distance by the Academy institutes and the INCDS. 6 This upsurge in publications has ensured
1) the intensity of entrepreneurial activity,(2) the ability/capacity to raise funds for projects,(3) the availability of appropriate research personnel and 1 The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest
Students in Tertiary education as share of Regional Population Aged 20-24 (2000 v 2011)..21 Figure 8:
education (2010)..34 Figure 26-Number of students enrolled in agricultural high schools (2008 2011)..34 Figure 27-Percentage of Exports by Ownership Type and Region...
Tertiary education Infrastructure as of 2010.22 Table 4: GDP Per capita in Counties of West Region (Euro, at purchasing power standard...
owing to a tertiary education system that is relatively strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food science, agriculture,
In order to support the national commitment it is desirable that regions with high development potential and stronger higher education structures
The national Europe 2020 targets Employment rate(%)R&d(%of GDP) Emissions reduction (compared to 2005)(%Renewable Energy(%)Energy efficiency reduction(%)Early school leaving(%)Tertiary education(%)Reduction
public entities and knowledge institutions (universities and research institutes) working together to identify not only a region's most promising areas of specialization,
Eurostat 6 Persons aged 25-64 with tertiary education attainment(%;%Source: Eurostat 7 Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union COM (2010) 546 12 sustainable and inclusive growth depends on their specific development potential and their assets (in terms of
as they are the primary institutional partners for universities, other research and education institutes, and SMES. 15.
Focusing school, vocational and higher education curricula on transversal competences like creativity, entrepreneurship and initiative will help young people to develop their full potential for innovation. d) Attractive regional research infrastructure
ii) developing links and synergies between enterprises, R&d centers and higher education, in particular product and service development, technology transfer, social innovation and public service applications, and demand stimulation;
The West Region is considered to have a relatively highly skilled population, due in part to the prominence of its universities.
There are seven public universities in the West Region, out of which four are based in Timisoara, one in Arad, one in Petrosani, one in Resita,
and Politehnica University has a branch in Hunedoara. In addition, there are seven private universities, which are located in Timisoara, Lugoj, Deva and Arad.
Specialization areas of these higher education institutions vary but the region is particularly strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture, medical and veterinary sciences.
Figure 6 confirms that the educational attainment of the region's economically active population is slightly higher than in peer regions.
It also has a higher share of the population with a tertiary education than any other region outside of Bucharest,
Among the population of 20-24 years of age (Figure 7) the West far outperforms most peers in university enrollment
although it is striking just how strong of a magnet Bucharest has become for the country's university population.
Students in Tertiary education as share of Regional Population Aged 20-24 (2000 v 2011) Source:
Economically active population by sex, age, highest level of education attained and NUTS 2 regions (1 000.
Persons aged 25-64 and 20-24 with upper secondary or tertiary education attainment, by sex and NUTS 2 regions (from 2000 onwards%.
The West Region is recognized as having a strong set of universities and hosts a large student population, particularly in Timisoara.
As Table 3 shows, the West is represented particularly well in terms of the number of tertiary institutions and faculties that it hosts.
However, although it also has a fairly large population of students in the first stages of tertiary education,
What is very clear from Table 3 is that Bucharest is by far the main center of tertiary education in the country.
Where the West's performance drops considerably is advanced at the stages of tertiary education where the relative level of its research student population is only half that of that of North West and one quarter that of Bucharest.
Tertiary education Infrastructure as of 2010 Tertiary institutions Faculties High skills students (level 5 A) Advanced research students (level 6) Total per m population Total
Institutions and Faculties from Institute of National Statistics; Student figures from Eurostat; High skill students defined as First stage of tertiary education, programmes that are based theoretically/research preparatory or giving access to professions with high skills requirements (level 5a;
Advanced research student defined as Second stage of tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification (level 6) 38.
These trends in education follow through to the labor market, where the West has a comparative advantage in highly skilled workers (proxied those with a tertiary education).
Like much of Romania, however, the West faces a problem both with older workers retrenched due to restructuring of traditional industries like coal
. 6 Arad Caras-Severin Hunedoara Timis 33 Despite a relatively significant number of universities and good university enrollment rates, the region faces important shortcomings at all levels of training and skills
While the West Region has clear strength in tertiary education in the Romanian context, its advantage in upper secondary and post-secondary (non-tertiary education is far from apparent.
Enrollment rates in secondary education are only moderately ahead of the national average. Of more concern, is the relative performance of its students in upper secondary education.
Table 6 shows that in 2011 and 2012, every county in the West Region performed in the bottom quartile of Romanian counties in the first presentation of the baccalaureate examination24.
While leading counties in the North West like Cluj and Bihor ranked 3rd and 5th respectively (out of 42 counties), Timis and Arad ranked 34th and 36th.
Data shows that in 2011 the West Region had the third lowest number of students enrolled in technical high schools of all the regions in Romania (34
In addition, between 2008 and 2011, enrollment in agricultural high schools has remained constant and was in 2011 the lowest of all the regions in Romania (6522 students).
Institute of National Statistics Figure 26-Number of students enrolled in agricultural high schools (2008 2011) Source:
Uluslararasý Uretim Zincirlerinde Donusum ve Turkiye'nin Konumu Transformation in International Production Chains and Turkey's Position, Istanbul, TUSIAD-Koc University Economic Research
University of Colorado. 44 Box 1-High Value Added Manufacturing in the West Region Continental purchased the existing Siemens VDO business in 2007,
Skills (1) The link between tertiary education and the workforce and lifelong learning 89. Despite education and skills often being perceived as a source of comparative advantage for the region,
The link between tertiary education and the workforce must be reinforced. The region must do a better job of leveraging its significant tertiary education infrastructure,
especially to the insertion of university graduates into the labor force, avoiding common problems of mismatch between educational supply and labor demand and overeducation.
This will require investments to improve the links between universities (as well as vocational training facilities) and employers.
It may also pay to make strategic investments in promoting disciplines and skills that are likely to be the cornerstones of the region's future economy. 91.
This type of training should be offered through the university curricula (including a focus on presentation skills
Directorate General for Research, Technological Development and Innovation National Council of Scientific research Consultative College for Research, Development and Innovation National Council for Ethics of Scientific research, Technological Development
and research institutions (universities and RDIS the West Region could establish technology transfer offices (TTOS),
either as part of universities or industryspecific. TTOS could help identify research projects with commercial potential and carry academic ideas to the market.
and to promote applied research in universities and RDIS. Second in order to alleviate the burden of acquiring intellectual property protection for inventions,
The center would act as a strong and permanent partnership between universities, R&d centers, and industry, working together to increase regional competitiveness.
and researchers in higher education institutes to develop new technologies and processes that will lead to job creation and increased exports.
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities. 60 IV. 3. 4. ICT 122.
Clear strength in tertiary education programs for natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture, as well as medical and veterinary sciences Important signs of entrepreneurial activity Existence of a relatively good network of industrial and technology parks High export performance Skills:
improving the link between tertiary education and the workforce and lifelong learning; improving the vocational school system for industry-relevant training;
agriculture, and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities Unexploited export opportunities with Serbia.
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities Establishment of an agro-food market center including a regional accredited laboratory for food safety
which are areas of strength of the local universities, while enjoying the benefits of a EU location.
the last year for which Eurostat provides data on regional R&d outlays, the total intramural R&d expenditures (considering business enterprise sector, government sector, higher education sector,
Major local universities have started to invest in technology transfer, but such investments are still at early stages.
University graduates need to be trained better on how to apply theoretical knowledge. Firms often have difficulties finding graduates to meet their needs,
linkages between industry and universities must be improved. This can be attained through public-private partnerships on R&d collaborations
which have programs and partnerships with local universities. These efforts must be scaled up and should encompass local firms,
Access to a larger pool of specialized labor force complemented with better guided young university graduates would strengthen the region's comparative advantages.
Moreover, institutions such as technology transfer offices can support the smart specialization strategy by promoting private sector collaboration with universities and RDIS.
fostering academic entrepreneurship, research commercialization and collaboration between public and private sectors. 161. Major universities in the region have started to invest in technology transfer, but such investments
and need to be exploited better and enhanced to promote the smart specialization of the region.
A recent example of an initiative to facilitate the transfer of knowledge to industry is the joint e-Austria institute formed with the participation of the Computer science departments of the West and Politehnica Universities and the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation at the Johannes Kepler
University in Linz. The institute has ongoing projects with private partners in Austria, Germany and Romania.
Another example of the recent efforts to foster collaboration between universities and the private sector are the agriculture extension services provided by the Banat University of Agriculture
and higher education for the development of products and services, technology transfer, and networking. The specific objectives of this investment priority are to:(
The partnerships between universities, research institutes and private enterprises, especially the large ones, which have substantial growth potential based on the smart specialization of the region,
i) increasing the share of population with tertiary education; and (ii) encouraging the access to professional development,
universities or vocational training centers) in order to identify and promote those projects that fit with the needs of the local economic actors. 180.
ii) supporting lifelong learning through the development and implementation of measures to enhance the relevance of higher education programs,
iii) developing and strengthening the partnerships between higher education institutions, business environment and research institutes. 181. The second investment priority under this priority axis is to invest in education, skills and lifelong learning by developing education and training infrastructure.
The specific objective of this investment priority is the rehabilitation, modernization, development and expansion of pre university, university education and continuous vocational training infrastructure. 182.
and the conclusions of the General Master Plan for Transport, developed at national level. V. 4. Detailed strategy overview for the region 185.
and synergies between enterprises, R&i centers and higher education in particular products and service development, technology transfer and networking Contribute to EU 2020 strategy by increasing the investments in research and development Promote the transfer of knowledge
and competences required in labor market Increasing the share of population with tertiary education Encouraging the access to professional development,
and EU financing 3..2. Investing in education, skills and long life learning by developing education and training infrastructure Rehabilitation, modernization, development and equipping of pre university, university
2. Promoting business investment in innovation and research and developing links and synergies between enterprises, R&i centers and higher education in particular products and service development,
and equipping of pre university, university education and vocational training infrastructure List of preselected projects identified in the Regional Development Plan Service capacity of supported education infrastructure 86 Investment
First tranche of contracts concluded by June 2015 1. 2. Promoting business investment in innovation and research and developing links and synergies between enterprises, R&i centers and higher education in particular products and service development
In addition, the region is considered to have a relatively highly skilled population due in part to the prominence of its universities.
The local universities are especially strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture, as well as medical and veterinary sciences.
improving the link between tertiary education and the workforce and lifelong learning; improve the vocational school system for industry-relevant training;
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities; and establishment/improvement of vocational school focused on agro food industry relevant training with appropriate technical facilities.
Efforts to support local firms should be complemented with improvements in the education system by adjusting university curriculum to the specific needs of the sector
and 57 Details about the pilot green energy project managed by the Polytechnic University Timisoara and ICER TM,
and e-Coaching. 8 At the same time new opportunities arise for the knowledge level of universities by the possibility to develop
and intensify university research programs by joining the efforts of researchers in different centers in Romania and intensification of cooperation at different projects internationally (e-working),
INE-Eurostat The regional administration and higher education sectors are spending relatively more on R&d than the companies.
Administration 0, 11 0, 14 0, 18 0, 14 Higher education 0, 17 0, 18 0, 18 0, 17 TOTAL 0
INE-Eurostat The evolution of the number of researchers in all sectors (business, government and higher education) has increased until 2010.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 del Castillo Jaime, Paton Jonatan, Barroeta Belen (2015) Smart Specialisation for Economic Change:
*Full professor of Applied Economics, University of Basque Country (infyde@infyde. eu)**Phd Researcher, INFYDE (jonatanpaton@infyde. eu)**CEO, INFYDE (belenbarroeta@infyde. eu
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 31 do chosen the priorities in the RIS3 strategies represent the real territorial specialisation patterns?
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 32 appropriate measures to support them (Del Castillo et al. 2013a) as well as to monitor them (Del Castillo et al. 2015b.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 33 how to reach consensus and commitments about actions and instruments to support these initiatives among all agents involved and,
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 34 Second, the latter statement is even more obvious
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 35 3. 1. The Priority Setting in RIS3:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 36 Experience activities 99,4 98,0 119,5 114,2 115,0 94,8 81,2 94,7 93,5 96,9 108,0 96,8 101,4 117,5 85,1
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 37 Figure 1: Regions in Spain by type of technological priority included in the RIS3 2014-2020 Source:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 38 Figure 2: Number of regions in Spain by type of policy area included in the RIS3 2014-2020 Source:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 39 Source: INFYDE 2015 Finally, considering the number of instruments (financial, nonfinancial and legal frameworks) by region, some remarkable differences can be observed:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 40 Source: INFYDE 2015 Main conclusions obtained from the analysis pointed out that Spanish RIS3 include a relative high number of indicators that may present difficulties in terms of gathering information during the monitoring process,
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 41 Even though entrepreneurial discoveries are in the core of the strategies (they are the way to achieve the mentioned specialised diversification) there was no real integration (or at least an operative one) of them.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 42 Del Castillo, J. Paton, J. & Barroeta, B. 2013a) Territorial Governance in a smart specialisation context In Territorial Cohesion in Europe Transdanubian
Economic geography Working Paper 2011, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen. OECD (2011) Regions and Innovation Policy OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation, OECD Publishing.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 43 Technopolis (2006) Strategic Evaluation on Innovation and the knowledge based economy in relation to the Structural and Cohesion Funds, for the programming period 2007-2013.
research and innovation The University of Zaragoza plays a major role in Aragon with its 35000 students (including many Erasmus students)
and nearly 4000 professors and researchers. http://www. unizar. es The interface between the University and research is mainly in the hands of strong University Research Institutes.
The University has also set up since 1988 Oficinas de transferencia de resultado de investigacion (OTRI) http://www. unizar. es/otri/index. jsp aiming at fostering the cooperation between researchers and companies.
These centres are limited not to the University, 18 OTRI are registered presently in Aragon. A private University:
San Jorge was created in 2005. http://www. usj. es Main research centres and fields Research is organized in Spain both at a national and regional level.
It also plays an important role in the field of training thanks in particular to a Master in innovation which was launched five years ago. www. ita. es The Centro de Investigación de Recursos y Consumos Energéticos
It was created in 1993 with the support of the University. http://fcirce. es/The Aitiip Centro Tecnológico also acts as technological center specialized in plastics and composite materials.
The coordinator of this network belongs to the University. This network is particularly active in Brussels,
research centers international Scientific & Technological facilities Innovation & Tecnological centers Aragonese University System Support & promotion structures Parks
Strategic geographical location in Spain, a few strong sectors, good research infrastructures, industrial tradition, high level of education, innovative Zaragoza But also strong territorial unbalances, lack
and led by a governing council participated by representative members of the Public Administration, the University and the civil society.
EIBT certification by ANCES (National Association of CEEI's) or by information provided by the University,
The University has identified consistent contracts with 374 companies as partners of the University. Those companies must be considered as agents in the strategic process.
or agents from sources like the University or other agents. h) Action plans and/or realistic roadmaps in line with the objectives must be defined. i) Strategic actions fostering cross-clustering capacity,
entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES should be defined. j) The University has identified consistent contracts with 374 companies as partners of the University,
University of Cantabria with high research activity. Significant increase in the number of researchers. Important RD centers in Cantabria.
Government of Cantabria Business Associations University Tecnology Centers Trade unions What have done we already? We Have identified 18 debate groups
We have got a european RIS3 specialist consultant (Adrian Healy from Cardiff's University) to supervise the process.
and the regional and national administration. 8 Universities: 4 of them are public (Burgos, León,
Salamanca and Valladolid) and the other 4 are private (Catholic University of Ávila, Pontifical University of Salamanca,
IE University in Segovia and European University Miguel de Cervantes). 5 Institutes from CSIC (Spanish Research Council) and 10 Associated Units, some of them operating in collaboration with Universities.
T-CUE Network of university interface structures, COCI (Council of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry), etc.
Science Parks in the Public Universities (Burgos, León, Salamanca and Valladolid; Business Innovation Centres (BIC) of Burgos, León and Valladolid;
the Science and Technology Coordination Commission, the Commissioner for Science and Technology, the Business Innovation and Financing Agency ADE (Regional Development Agency of Castilla y León), the Universities Foundation
of Castilla y León, the Directorate General of Universities and Research, the Directorate General of Planning and Innovation (Management of Health Services),
which the contribution the higher education sector was the most significant contribution. 2001 2011 Enterprises 53,3%Government 6, 8%Higher education Private Non 39,5%Profit 0, 4%Enterprises
54,4%Government 9, 9%Higher education 35,6%Private Non Profit 0, 1%Figure 4. R&d expenditure by sectors.
citizens, universities, research centers and Government. Future vision that makes use of strenghts, competitive advantages and potential for excellence, all with an outward perspective.
including interviews and work groups with participation of representatives from government, businesses, business associations, universities, research centers, technology transfer instruments and society in general through the Castilla y León Regional Government
Heritage Administration Business researchers Technology Centres Knowledge Transfer Entities Universities and research centres Knowledge Transfer Offices Advanced Materials Biotechnology Advanced manufacturing
%)Among the positive aspects of the regional context analysis, it can be mentioned that Castilla y León's employed population (39.2%)has attained slightly higher levels of education than the national average (38.6%).
universities, research centers, and knowledge transfer centers have generated gradual convergence with the national average in terms of performance indicators. 2 CONTEXT ANALYSIS 5 Net taxes on products are considered an additional component in the regional GDP,
With regard to the level of ICT penetration in education, 100%of the region's primary and secondary education public schools had Internet access, with very high broadband connection percentages, a much higher figure than the national average.
this figure has been decreasing in Castilla y León as well as at the national level, in both primary and secondary education.
the weakness in the University-Company relationship persists and positions of the regional universities have fallen behind national university rankings.
The entrepreneurial fabric's technological level and capacity for absorption of knowledge is limited. Reduced scale of companies with management training requirements.
Insufficient preparation of university graduates in the skills and abilities that companies require. Decapitalization of human resources in research entities and talent and brain drain.
Wide offering of qualified professional profiles trained in ICT coming out of the region's university and vocational training systems.
Lack of adaptation of regulated training (University, Vocational training) for the ICT market. Difficulty in globalization of the regional ICT sector.
To this end, it addresses entrepreneurial cooperation, commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration and/or between different research entities, sharing and increasing value of knowledge and connection between higher education and innovation as the base of human capital in a smart
and contribute to knowledge transfer. 4. 4 Increase the convergence between higher education and innovation. PROGRAMME 5. INNOVATIVE SOCIETY Programme 5 takes into consideration the importance of extending the innovative and creative spirit throughout society.
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