Romania: Towards an RDI strategy with a strong smart specialisation component Dublin, 3-4 july 2014 Radu Gheorghiu The National Strategy for RDI 2014-2020 currently in the approval stage A national RDI strategy with a strong smart specialization component Vision:""Underlying national competitiveness there is an innovation ecosystem where research and development support the advancement in the global value added chains. In this environment, excellence and an entrepreneurial spirit mobilize a critical mass of actors. 2 Vision's 3 pillars: Companies become key actors of innovation The RDI sector is an arena of opportunity Regional leadership at the frontier of science through breakthroughs in strategic fields Regional level not a distinct level (Romania does not have either proper legal regions, or a proper regionalisation strategy); rather, considered in terms of local/regional concentrations of RDI activity and skills. Romanian Strategy for RDI 2014-2020 Table 1: DOMAINS WITH SMART SPECIALISATION POTENTIAL PREPARATORY JASPERS/ARUP STUDY Economic sector Specialisation area Main domains Agriculture and Food Industry Agro-Food, Biotechnology IT&C Telecommunication and Software/Computer programming, Mechatronics, New Media, Application Development Automotive Industry and Other Transport Equipment Materials, Components and Fabrication, Ship Building, Aerospace , Agricultural machinery Other domains with potential Tourism Health Tourism, Wellbeing Wood Industry Wood Processing, Conversion of Waste Energy Renewable Energy, Wind power, Solar power, Green construction, Biomass, Ecological Services, Fossil Energy, Gas and Electricity, Maritime Oil Extraction Machinery and Equipment Intelligent Agriculture, Automation, Mechatronics Textiles Technical Textiles Chemical and Pharma industry Cosmetics Life science, Health Scientific domain Specialisation area IT&C Networks of the future, internet and services, software and visualization, networked media and 3d internet, flexible organic and large area electronics, embedded system design, personal health system, ICT for energy efficiency and accessible and assistive ICT, Computer science and artificial intelligence. Engineering and Technology Electrical and electronic engineering, nanotechnology, materials (specifically electronic, optical and magnetic materials, materials chemistry, materials science and metals and alloys) and mechanical engineering, motor vehicle transport and other transport Energy and Environment Pollution, management and monitoring, environmental engineering, ecology and environmental science, network technologies renewable energy and biofuels. Agriculture and Food Industry etc. Agronomy, crop science, food science and agricultural and biological science, agricultural biotech Exploration and discovery National level Main competitive advantages:(1) ICT skills supported by STEM education;(2) Great agro-food potential (but currently under-utilised;(3) Transportation/motor vehicles Key challenges:(1) Stimulating business investment in research;(2) Bridging business and public research;(3) Low technology transfer rates and a weak culture of entrepreneurship Main opportunities for future regional development:(1) Large-scale infrastructures (e g.,, ELI-NP) and associated hubs;(2) Danube Institute/Initiatives;(3) Competence poles (e g.,, Cluj, Magurele) Main objectives of the strategy-To increase the competitiveness of the Romanian economy through innovation-To enhance the Romanian contribution to the progress of frontier knowledge-To enhance the role of science in society 4 Procedural principles: oan evidence-based approach; oresponding to a broad range of relevant criteria, among which: proven scientific performance; the potential for adding value (in the economy, public services, public decision-making etc. to the results of research; Romania's broader strategic interests. oa flexible understanding of a priority field not a scientific domain, but one at the intersection of science, technology, and societal needs and problems; ofuture-oriented Regional level--not considered as such, except in terms of local/regional concentrations of RDI activity and skills. National level Key stages in designing the smart specialization component of the RDI Strategy: Evidence-based preliminary selection of candidate fields of smart specialization based on current and future business potential and Romanian research specialisations at a national and international level (JASPERS/ARUP study, analyses of sectoral competitiveness on a national level, capability and competitiveness of clusters at a regional level, current R&d potential, analysis of national and international RDI collaborations etc.;Online consultation with RDI experts and stakeholders proposals of promising R&i programs for each candidate field; arguments to back up proposals; Shortlisting of 13 fields by large panel after consultations with key actors; Panel work (13 panels) to flesh out the shortlisted fields elaboration of 6-8 R&i program fiches per field according to smart specialization-specific criteria; Large-scale online consultation of experts and stakeholders on the 90 R&i fiches quantitative evaluation, backed up by pro/con arguments; estimate of necessary resources, incl. human, logistic, cost; Selection of final smart specialization fields/R&i programs. Key criterion (50%)economic impact; final fields highest ranking fields that, together, reached the cost threshold of 5 billion lei (optimistic estimate of RDI budget over programming period. 5 Exploration and discovery Aerospace Agro Food Water Arts & humanities Auto/transport Automatisation Biotech Constructions Education Electronics Energy Pharma Nuclear phys. Geophysics ICT Mathematics Materials (new) Veterinarian Environment Nanotech Naval Optics Patrimony Health Security Socioeconomic Space Textiles Agro-Food ICT Intelligent sys. Health Energy Pharmaceuticals Environment Security Space Materials Biotechnologies Transport Socioeconomic 13 Panels 90 Micro-visions 29 domains+Exploratory Online consultation Argumentative online consultation Knowledge maps Example: Institutions with ISI publications in agro-food Knowledge maps Example: Companies in Pharma Source: UEFISCDI, based on NIS data Knowledge maps Example: Export and import countries for pharmaceuticals Exploratory online consultation (June 2013) 28000+persons invited 1500+responses 2000 new persons have been nominated As relevant Exploration and discovery 12 An R&i program fiche (ICT/Big data) in the online real-time Delphi consultations. Exploration and discovery Extended online consultation, Aug-Sept 2013 Critical mass 02004006008001000120014001600180020002014201520162017201820192020precondition: public R&d increase gradually and reach 1%in 2020 Structural Funds National funds 5 billion Euro Rank Micro-vision Required investment for reaching critical mass 1 2 3 90 24 billion Euro Smart specialisations identified in the foresight exercise include: A1. BIOECONOMY Safe, accessible, nutritionally optimized food Sustainable development in forestry Zootechnics, veterinary medicine, fishing and aquaculture New products, practices, processes and technologies in horticulture Sustainable development of fields crops Bioenergy biogas, biomass, biofuels Biotechnologies for agro-food Nanobiotechnology Environmental biotechnologies Industrial biotechnologies Bioanalysis Medical and pharmaceutical biotechnologies In vitro/in vivo assessment for generic drugs Systemic, local and targeted drug delivery and technologies to optimize the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic profile Molecular design,(bio) synthesis, semisynthesis, high-performance screening A2. ICT Analysis, management and security of big data Future internet Software development technologies, instruments, and methods High performance computing and new computational models A3. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Increasing end-use energy efficiency Optimizing the use of conventional and nonconventional water resources Substitution of critical materials and functional covering The intelligent city A4. ECO-TECHNOLOGIES New-generation vehicles and ecological and energy-efficient technologies Innovative technologies, equipment and technical systems for the generation of bioresources Depolluting and waste reuse technologies In addition to the four smart specialisations, the foresight exercise identified three national priorities: Health, Space and Security, and Heritage and cultural identity. Process: http://www. poscce. research. ro/ro/node/node/nid/2438 Project version Dec. 2013 Public debate (mandatory according to the law of transparency) version Apr . 2014 Feedback from relevant stakeholders and political decision version July(?2014 Smart specialization fields Bioeconomy ICT Energy & Environment Eco-technologies Public interest priorities Health Security & Space National heritage & identity, cohesion and cross-cultural linkages Smart specialization fields Bioeconomy ICT, Security & Space Energy, Environment & Climate changes Eco-nano-technologies & Advanced Materials Public interest priorities Health National heritage & identity Emerging technologies RIS3 Priorities 16 ICT, Security & Space Focus on changes related to Smart Specialization so far Micro-vision fiches after refining (see the Annex for the full process: Agro-food; Biotechnology; Energy; ICT; Materials; Environment; Health; Security; Intelligent Systems; Socioeconomics; Space medicine Science; Transport ICT Rationale: ICT prioritized for information security & space security because of new info regarding the sectoral strategies (not available at the time of the first version; RO is external border of UE. Energy & Environment Energy, Environment & Climate change Rationale: Environment focus on Climate Change; the Danubius Center will be operational by 2018. Eco-technologies Eco-nano-technologies & Advanced Materials Rationale: specific request of Renault Romania Group, the Romanian Academy, and of several elite National institutes given the opportunities in the automotive industry, textiles, and KET development (subject to further debate). RIS3 Priorities Looking beyond the boundaries The smart specialization-aware National RDI Strategy has taken into account the external context in the following ways: othrough comparative analyses of relative specialization in research and development sectors in Europe. oone of the key inputs in the work of panels fleshing out the shortlisted smart specialization fields were analyses of global drivers of change . oglobal relevance was among the explicit criteria for panels selecting and describing the most promising R&i programs. 17 ostrategy supports measures for international openness of Romanian research market. External knowledge should be used to improve level of R&i by supporting the participation of high level international researchers as project directors in host institutions in Romania (enterprises or research institutes or universities) Global Value Chain analysis The panels working on candidate smart specialization fields followed a set of criteria in choosing the most promising R&i programs. Key among these were criteria related to the current state of the envisaged economic subsector, the economic impact of the program, existing R&d-business collaborations etc. A brief overview of transnational/transregional cooperation activities As far as transnational/transregional collaboration on RDI is concerned, Romania sees itself as a hub in such projects as ELI-NP and the Danube Institute. is supposed this to be about the past, the present, the future? As far as RDI is concerned, Romania participates in 6 JPIS (Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans, Cultural Heritage, Agriculture, Food security and Climate Change, A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life, Antimicrobial Resistance, Water Challenges for a Changing World) and 5 JTIS (Clean Sky, ENIAC, Fuel cells, ARTEMIS, IMI). Other transnational programs: the Danube Innovation Partnership (launched at the end of 2013; the Switzerland-Romania Cooperation Programme, 2011-2016; the Romania-Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein Cooperation Programme, under the SEE Financial Mechanism 2009-2014; the Romania-France framework for research collaboration (joint research in Physics, Environment, Chemistry, Mathematics. Also, ERA. Nets (such as ERA. Net RUS. What are advantages and disadvantages of collaboration? Can you describe bottlenecks/obstacles in collaboration? The advantages and disadvantaged in general/in specific cases? The obstacles encountered in specific circumstances/contemplated for the future? 18 Entrepreneurial dynamics Assessing entrepreneurial dynamics in Romania: Smart specialization was conceived of as a process of gradual learning, iterative and dynamic, involving constant gathering and analysis of data at local and national level. Given the RDI-focus of the Strategy, the latter focused primarily on enabling innovation-driven entrepreneurship (e g.,, through fiscal and financial mechanisms, support for firm-initiated RDI projects. The response of the private sector will be a key form of feedback in redefining and redesigning smart specialization priorities. A related goal to catalyse entrepreneurial behaviour in the public sector, through programs aimed at increasing the public sector's capacity to formulate its innovation needs (incl. monitoring of emergent technologies; public procurement of innovative products and services; pre-commercial public procurement. Involvement of entrepreneurial actors: First online consultation Number of niches identified by respondents 13 panels elaborateed 90 microvisions/fiches Second online consultation 44,000+invited 4, 091 respondents Average of 161 respondents per fiche 50 35 41 366 63 56 223 168 165 110 126 62 88 0100200300400transportpharmaspacesocio -economicintelligent systemssecurityhealthenvironmentmaterialsictenergybiotechnologyagrofood Governance of RDI strategy National level The smart specialization-aware RDI strategy design process was outsourced by the Ministry of National Education to a consortium of 11 partners and 142 supporting organizations in R&d&i. The consortium involved policy-makers, a variety of types of research institutes (including private ones), universities strong business innovators, regional development agencies, and even a few business angels. Actors were identified through‘knowledge maps'(social network analyses of the Romanian RDI ecosystem based on data collected from projects, publications, patents; the list was extended further through nomination and co-nomination. Although there was no official interministerial collaboration in designing the strategy, informal discussions were held with teams in the Ministry of the Economy. The design of the strategy involved a number of collaborative procedures, from work in relatively large and diverse panels to participative online consultations. At key junctures, proposals were debated with an extended group of key actors. The project team was counselled by A high-Level Expert Group, which also provided oversight of the project. 20 Digital Growth Priorities National level Romania has a distinct strategy for digital growth. In the context of this RDI Strategy ICT was identified as a smart specialisation field. 21 KET-related Priorities 22 Several smart specialization fields and R&i programs include/assume KETS Biotech, ICT (Big data, future internet etc.),Advanced and nano-materials The R&i program fiches in the smart specializations fields provide where pertinent arguments pro/against the relevant KETS. Arguments for KETS were provided also in the consultations on the Strategy package from Renault Group, the Romanian Academy, National R&d Institutes IFIN-HH, INFLPR, Materials Phys. and Micro-technology. The proposals considered included the following: The proposals made in the panels working on the draft strategy (July 2013; The proposals advanced during the consultations with SMES on the RDI Strategy document, the implementation plan and the Competitiveness sectoral program (December 2013; Results of the NANOPROSPECT prospective study (2010-2011), available at www. imt. ro/NANOPROSPECT; The Clara cluster initiative; The conclusions of the Innovation Union Competitiveness Report, 2013, which states:""In terms of technological capability Romania has the potential for regional clusters in ICT, nanosciences and nanotechnologies, automotive, security and new production technologies"."Measuring the progress 23 Last value (year) Target 2017 Target 2020 Premises Public expenditures for research and development, as a share of GDP 0. 31 (2011) 0. 61 1. 0 Number of doctorate graduates (ISCED 6) per 1000 inhabitants, 25-34 y. o . 1. 4 1. 5 1. 5 Number of researchers in the public sector (full-time equivalent) 12409 (2011) 15000 17000 Scientific publications in the top 10%of the most quoted publications worldwide, as%of the total scientific publications in the country 3. 8 (2011) 5 7 International scientific co-publications for 1 mil. inhabitants 148 200 300 Venture capital as%of GDP 0. 033 0. 06 0. 09 Spill over in the private sector Research and development spending of the business sector as a share of GDP 0. 17 (2011) 0. 6 1. 0 Number of researchers in the private sector (full-time equivalent) 3518 (2011) 7000 14500 Public-private co-publication for 1 mil. Inhabitants 8. 3 12 16 Innovative SMES cooperating with others(%)2. 93 3. 5 6 EPO patent applications/year 40 80 120 USTPO patent applications/year 17 30 60 Community trade mark applications/EUR 1 billion GDP adjusted to the purchasing power parity 2. 14 3 4 Economic impact Innovative companies with rapid growth-50 150 SMES introducing innovative products and services(%)13.7 (2011) 16 20 Revenue from licences and patents from abroad as%of GDP 0. 13 (2011) 0. 15 0. 17 Source: S3platform/Eurada 24 012345driving economic change through smart specialisation/RIS3 Informal assessment RO Summary and next steps Next step: Adopting the smart specialization-aware RDI strategy (together with the implementation plan PN3 and the sectoral program. 25 26 Assistance to identifying national priorities as regards the Smart Specialisation in the next national strategy for research and innovation 2014-2020-Jaspers Report (http://www. poscce. research. ro/uploads/programare-2014-2020/final-report-12-aprilie. pdf)- Recommendations report (http ://www. poscce. research. ro/uploads/programare-2014-2020/jaspersrecommendations. pdf)- Maps of knowledge (http://www. cdi2020. ro/pachete-de-lucru/panel-prioritati /)Foresight-Expert pannels (http://www. cdi2020. ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Componenta-paneluri-prioritati. pdf)- Methodology (http://www. cdi2020. ro/pachete-de -lucru/panel-prioritati/)-Online questionnaire (http://www. cdi2020. ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Raportul-chestionarului-identificare-expertilor-si-prioritatilor-candidate. pdf)- Refining (fiches on: Agro-food; Biotechnology; Energy; ICT; Materials; Environment; Health; Security; Intelligent Systems; Socioeconomics; Space medicine Science; Transport)- Prioritization and version Dec. 2013. Public debate-National R&d institutes-Romanian Academy-Private companies-Changes as for version Apr. 2014. Annex procedure description Feedback & political decision. --Version July 2014
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