| Organisation of work (256) |  |
| Work (4382) | |
| Working conditions (351) | |
| Organisation of work (256) | |
| Work (4382) | |
| Working conditions (351) | |
USA www. iste. co. uk www. wiley. com ISTE Ltd 2015 The rights of Eunika Mercier-Laurent to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs
but, essentially, all work that can be described as well-defined processes can be robotized or automated, sooner or later.
The human work is something where we are at our best; collaborative work requires creativity.
This includes both physical and nonphysical work. We are facing a major societal challenge here. For example, which are the new jobs we cannot even imagine yet,
and how is the overall work life equation developing in an inclusive way? Hence, innovation policy needs to look beyond the obvious questions (and the obvious answers in the short-term) to respond to megatrends.
and techniques with the aim to conceive user-friendly and useful applications that can really help humans in their work instead of replacing them
such as multidisciplinary research results, the innovation fields, social system, culture and motivations, long-and mid-term economic and Educational innovation Landscape and Fields 5 planning and motivation to work.
but the miners, including children, work in very bad conditions. Some of the smartphones'companies, such as Nokia and Sony, are collecting obsolete devices from the users.
all AI techniques will be used to help people in their work and activity, and not to replace them MER 11.
CMS works on an alarm-trigger principle. The alarm signal is transmitted to the central monitoring station;
but it only works in one language; the users need to change the settings each time they change the language.
The profound significance of Mendel's work was recognized only over three decades later on the turn of the 20th century with the independent rediscovery of these laws.
Christophe Bressot, a researcher at Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), works on the impact of nanomaterials:
and many individuals do not have any time to play chef due to a multitude of various promptings in addition to their usual work.
the farmers are paid poorly for their work and they grow farms to produce more despite the quality.
After fast food, the fashion of processed dishes and drives was introduced under the pretext that people work more
The physical work is beneficial for health. The individual doing this work is an older Japanese man
and this activity allows him to be useful, get a salary, move and have contact with nature and other people.
and sometimes it does not work. Related barrier is limited the thinking to a given field,
but it should help us in our work and make life easier without deteriorating our conditions and the environment.
m-learning (mobile) and e-commerce work is becoming e-work and m-work. The first and second industrial revolution paradigm is no longer valid,
Antoni Gaudi's work has a similar effect and it can serve as an example of innovation ecosystem.
used to capture opportunities and work in collaboration based on complementarity. Today, companies must innovate not only to survive
Large companies, members of Pôles de Compétitivité or other initiatives aiming at making work together large and small enterprises,
and old Europe are not willing to work for money. 2. 3. 3. 2. Checking 5d impact
Innovation Ecosystems 75 Sometimes, the innovation policy may not work, in particular when the same system is imposed to a population of a different culture.
84 The Innovation Biosphere How can the global convergence of ICT work for everyone? How can ethical market economies be encouraged to help reduce the gap between the rich and the poor?
How can the capacity to decide be improved as the nature of work and institutions changes?
The above challenges are expressed in the European Work programs. The innovative solutions are expected from funded researchers and companies.
The priority themes of European 7fp Work program 2013 Socioeconomic Sciences and Humanity were: employment and competitiveness in Knowledge Society, combining social, economic and environmental objectives.
Another theme in the same Work program was Research for the benefit of SMES. Both SMES performing research and SMES acquiring research are considered.
and mobility for work is strengthening. The relocation to Europe creates jobs in various services for expats.
an ever-increasing share of work will become susceptible to automation. Big data will be used to give organizations a competitive advantage in terms of marketing and customer relationships;
and to Member States and regions is a core dimension of our work. We also coordinate the implementation of the Innovation Union actions under the responsibility of General Directory for Enterprise & Industry.
The Commission proposes to launch the necessary work for the development of a new indicator measuring the share of fastgrowing innovative companies in the economy.
and they require mental efforts to work. They believe that innovation can be practiced by many. 112 The Innovation Biosphere There is still much left that needs to be done to establish the appropriate innovation ecosystems in Europe.
The ANR Work Program comprises four interlinked components, each with a specific budget and governance:
They are aligned on European strategy the major societal challenges component of the ANR Work Program takes up the nine challenges,
Moreover, The french ANR works with competitiveness clusters with the aim of making research outcomes more compatible with the activities of business enterprises.
and to work in partnership with neighbors to maintain and improve the‘auwai (irrigation ditches) and carry forward their cultural heritage.
A conventional scientific approach simply does not work. Open Systems science, on the other hand, offers a way to solve a problem in its real-world context,
It is expected that after experiencing the total innovation and conducting some productive work there with their colleagues
they will reuse the learned methods and values in their today's work. This model was reproduced in Scandinavia due to its deep participatory culture
and several centers were founded in Japan, following a growing pressure to move from Excellence in Quality to Excellence in Innovation and the need to try more open and less hierarchical forms of work.
it actively works with a wide range of internal and external collaborators, in multiple networking settings.
multiple perspectives and multidisciplinary work: a center invites people coming from diverse backgrounds and disciplines to participate in the Experimentations and Results 147 work process,
in order to create richer and more robust visions, strategies and solutions. It encourages and supports users to adopt multiple perspectives and many points of view;
thinking-dreaming-playing-doing work environment: integration of physical, virtual, emotional and mental spaces in order to create rich environments that contribute to effective group and individual processes;
Prototyping is a work tool actively used to make ideas and intentions tangible. The metaphor of a well-constructed house,
connected with the organization's core issues and the daily work practice of its personnel (relevancy),
and most of the facilitation work is done by experienced external facilitators. The staff attempts to use the best of participant's capacities.
and work there for a few days and once they go back to their regular working environment, they carry the virus of such culture with them;
but this is not sufficient because of the long history of the mechanical Industrial Model of the distrustful/devaluing and competitive enterprises and veins that work in exactly the opposite direction,
helping people in their work or improving their life conditions. A few may focus on planet protection,
Many of them do need not electric energy to work. The Saudia Aramco World3 magazine provides information on Arab Science.
the EU project, explored how the insect eye works in order to develop miniature eyes. It is hoped that an artificial compound eye could be used in areas where panoramic motion detection is primordial.
Should we work less? The french reform on reducing working hours to 35 per week was introduced in 2000 with the aim to share work
or national program requires a lot of work and time; the selection system should be simplified to open access to funds for innovative SMES
work versus pleasure (interesting work; big data versus world knowledge base. It is time to switch from quick business,
of work, manage our talents better and share experiences, taking more time for inspiring conversations.
BYM 13 BYMAN D.,Why drones work. The Case for Washington's Weapon Choice, Foreign affairs, Council of Foreign Relations, July-August 2103, available at http://www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/139453/daniel-byman
/whydrones-work. CAB 14 CABILDO DE TENERIFE, Tenerife an island of agriculture biodiversity, available at http://www. tenerife. es/Casa-vino/agrodiversidading. htm
Making Innovation Policy Work. Learning from Experimentation, OECD & The World bank, 2014. DVI 08 DVIR R.,Openfutures an operating system for future centers, Innovation Ecology, available at http://innovationecology. com/Publications/open-futures. html, 2008.
2009 2011.190 The Innovation Biosphere EUR 12 EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Cooperation, Theme 8 Socioeconomic Sciences and Humanities, Work Programme 2013 (revision), C (2012) 9371
Inclusive, Innovative and Reflective Societies, Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2014-2015, C (2013) December 2013, http://ec. europa. eu/programmes/horizon2020
and techniques in order to conceive friendly and useful applications that aid humans in their work instead of replacing them
2015933009 Springer Cham Heidelberg New york Dordrecht London#Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright.
as well asv the whole team of the Institute of Information systems for their excellent work in preparing the conference and making every guest feel comfortable during their visit at our University.
We would like to cordially thank all contributors for their efforts in bringing their work, experience,
and privilege to work with all the people involved and we hope that a lot of positive developments will emerge from this work.
Vaduz, Liechtenstein Jan vom Brocke Theresa Schmiedel vi Foreword Preface Innovation can be regarded as the idea-to-execution process, i e.,
implementing, and monitoring creative and administrative work to enable overall smooth procedures and to maintain operational excellence.
and analytical technologies initiate change in the nature of work and what the implications of intelligent processes are.
These work packages (WPS) and their coordination are illustrated in the following Fig. 1 (Manufacturing Academy of Denmark, 2014:
The aim of work package 5 is to provide Danish industries with methodologies and approaches to transform advanced business process technologies into proactive value
Another is Steven Alter's Work Systems framework (Alter, 2008. This paper adopts a different perspective;
2004) and a substantial refinement and extension of the Think Service Act Process work of Welke (2005).
Of the numerous available process model frameworks, we adopt the work by Osterwalder, et al. Osterwalder, Pigneur,
how might we be able to solve more of their problem or complete more of their work?
What must they then do after using it to complete their work or solve their problem?
Work system, value chain, and life cycle. IBM Systems Journal, 47 (1), 71 85.46 R. J. Welke Anthony, R. N. 1965.
including knowledge work, transparency, and customer-orientation. Many emerging technologies are being integrated into BPM in order to account for these new aspects.
those that change the way people and organizations work, and those that create more intelligent processes.
different styles of work, such as dynamic, goal-driven knowledge work; collaboration with remote and mobile participants, including those outside an organization;
those innovations and technologies that change the way that people and organizations work, and those S. Kemsley(*)Kemsley Design Ltd.,
many people, in different locations and with a variety of skills, working together to create content or other work product.
Emerging Technologies in BPM 53 3 The Changing Nature of Work The nature of work is changing:
routine work is becoming highly automated, leaving the complex and unpredictable knowledge work for people.
social in the flow of work, rather than in an ancillary collaboration application. Social functionality manifests in a number of ways in BPM systems:
As well as completing the work more effectively, this captures a record of the collaboration, including who was involved in decision-making on each process instance.
Collaboration has always been present in how work is done: the difference now is that systems now support
In routine work, process models are predefined and the focus is on making processes more efficient.
Conversely, knowledge work is required for non-repeatable processes, where only the goals and general guidelines may be set in advance,
Most organizations have both routine work and knowledge work, often within the same processes. In the spectrum between routine and unpredictable work, a business process may be predefined
but allow the participants to modify the process during execution on Emerging Technologies in BPM 55 a case-by-case basis
Providing flexibility allows knowledge workers to improve the quality of the work completed, based on their skills and experience.
More flexible work styles can also be challenging to less confident workers, who may not collaborate
This can be overcome by a work environment where creative solutions are rewarded encouraging workers to offer their own ideas.
either through human collaboration and knowledge work, or via automated responses to changing conditions. References Hammer, M. 2010.
most of the employees have 5%of their work hours explicitly reserved for modeling processes.
Why organisational charts don't work. Retrieved from http://unboss. com/2013/why-organisational-charts-dont-work/Kolind, L,
. & Bøtter, J. 2012). Unboss. JP/Politikens Forlagshus. Koschmider, A.,Song, M, . & Reijers, H. A. 2010).
The process innovation and redesign work was done by means of an iterative approach Movelo prototyped the smartphone solution
but also other perspectives such as the data-flow, work distribution, etc.),to find bottlenecks and understand the factors causing these bottlenecks,
Section 7 discusses related work and Sect. 8 concludes this paper. 2 Process Mining Process mining aims to discover,
Future work aims at providing support for the semiautomatic creation of event models and further investigating the relation with the redo/transaction logs in concrete systems like Oracle.
and classify approach allows for the transformation of database updates into events populating process cubes that can be used for a variety of process-mining analyses. 7 Related Work The reader is referred to (Aalst, 2011) for an introduction
We are not aware of any work systematically transforming database updates into event logs. Probably, there are process-mining case-studies using redo/transaction logs from database management systems like Oracle RDBMS, Microsoft SQL SERVER, IBM DB2,
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of economics (HSE) in Moscow.
and executes its work procedures. The connection between process innovation and process management is by no means new.
whether whatever works in one case or context will actually work in another. This problem is called lack of external validity we don't know
Moving to reliable, valid and ultimately credible decisions about innovations through evidence-based decision-making requires an ability to work with data
which are based on collaborative work we have conducted over recent years with organizations in the retail sector in Australia. 6. 1 Positive Deviance Traditionally, process improvement focuses on processes
In a previous work (Maggi et al. 2013), we have put forward a specific framework for predictive monitoring aimed at generating predictions at runtime based on user-defined business goals.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by ERDF via the Estonian Centre of Excellence in Computer science. References Birukou
Rather the opposite seems to be true as, in these works, the exact development steps are not very detailed or not explicitly described.
Against this background, the present work aims at a contribution to closing the identified gap in research.
The research approach of this work stands in the tradition of German design science oriented research in the modelling of enterprise information systems (Frank, 2006:
Finally, Sect. 6 closes the article with a conclusion and an outlook on future work.
This work is extended an version of Fettke (2014 in particular, different techniques, software tools and application scenarios are described in greater detail in Sects. 3 5. 2 Related Work Several authors describe a procedure model for reference modelling
development (Ahlemann & Gastl, 2007; Becker, Delfmann, Knackstedt, & Kuropka, 2002; Delfmann, 2006; Fettke & Loos, 2004;
However, these works do not provide general inductive methods for the development of reference models.
these works focus mainly on the process control view and do not consider the modelling of business information systems in general.
In addition to the works specific to the development of reference models, various approaches are known that have a certain similarity to the inductive development of reference models, e g. approaches for model comparison (Dijkman, Dumas, Van dongen, Ka a rik,
and Future Work Reference modelling offers several advantages for the practice of enterprise modelling (see also chapters by Becker (2015) and Malinova and Mendling (2015)).
this work presents the possibilities and challenges of an inductive Fig. 4 Architecture of the reference model miner 170 P. Loos et al. approach,
The initial starting point for this ongoing work is the reference model catalogue provided by Fettke & Loos (2002)( rmk. iwi. uni-sb. de/.
Identification of Business Process Models in a Digital World 171 Further needs for future work are mentioned in the following:
large parts of the work have become digital, with complex sociotechnical systems driving the business.
As a result, a process landscape documented by a huge team can easily be heterogeneous enough to make major consolidation efforts necessary before productive work, i e.
if modelers are under time pressure Individual work results may appear to be of inferior quality
assuming that the kind of work they refer to is selfexplanatory. Such descriptions should always be avoided.
so that models are easy to work with. Although we also know that modeling expertise can compensate for the negative effects of complexity (Reijers & Mendling, 2011
Haraldson & Lind, 2011a, 2011b) using assignment structures as a basis to identify interaction patterns is inspired by the work of Goldkuhl and Ro stlinger (2002) and adapted to multiorganizational settings.
Founded on a pragmatic conception of business processes, reflecting both transformative and coordinative dimensions of organizational work
Fig. 4 Key values and innovations addressed in future airports as a basis for future work 206 M. Lind and S. Haraldson 3. 7 Innovation 1:
In this way, the measurement system also works as a decision support system and thereby has an advisory function regarding actions to take in the continuous efforts to optimize the doorto-door processes.
but also for ecosystems covering other work practices. In the maritime domain there are similar challenges. In the MONALISA project (www. monalisaproject. eu) information sharing environments are being set up to achieve safer, more efficient,
Reengineering work: Don't automate, obliterate. Harvard Business Review, 68 (4), 104 112. Hammer, M, . & Champy, J. 1993).
The main objective of the European insurance company is to achieve transparency of its work processes,
This is crucial considering that one of the BPM goals of this company is to use the process models as a work manual for employees.
and an application scenario that illustrates its usefulness. 2 Related Work The concept of line of sight (LOS)( Boswell,
Despite the fact that these works have approached the link between business processes and strategic goals, it can be noticed that current studies do not approach the fact that the strategy of the organization may affect the way business process models are designed
Therefore, the approaches used by related work to connect business processes and strategic goals have been superficial
We define strategy awareness as an information system's capacity to influence users to work towards the strategic priorities of the organization.
not only define how employees should conduct their work, but are used also to inform these employees about the relationship between what they do and
This capacity is explored in this work to clarify the relationship between the activities executed by a process participant
and their relevance to the strategy of the organization. 3. 1. 2 Work Products Employees in an organization execute activities to produce some output that is valuable to the company.
Through the products of the employees'work organizations perform their daily operations and implement the actions necessary to meet their strategic objectives.
A work product is defined as the output of a single operation executed by an employee.
To connect the concept of work products to the results-chain, we propose a results-chain model in
which the lowest level is the level of the work products. These work products are
then, connected to the actions level, to express the relationship between these and the actions that require their execution to be completed.
it generates a work product Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Fig. 1 Example of the graphical representation of a results-chain Implementing a Digital Strategy through Business Process
In the results-chain, we connect the product quality assessed work product to the action improve quality assessment in the production process.
the work product concept is useful to describe the relationship between what an employee does
and Recommended Work Products For any given operation executed by the company, strategic requirements may affect the way the employee performs his job.
then we say that he generated the recommended work product. Decision-making algorithms can be used to compile
Then, the output of their work can be monitored and compared to the recommended work products
in order to measure the fit between an employee's work and strategic requirements. 3. 2 Architecture SA-BPM differs from regular BPM both at design
and run-time. At design time, business process models are decomposed into separate modules according to their strategic purpose.
and strategic recommendations are compiled to inform the user about the strategic requirements of his work.
The information shown to the user includes also the connections between the work products generated by the activity
the process will finish with the generation of either one of two work products: Analyze pending orders Arrange carrier Need to contract carrier?
to determine which is recommended the work product of each process instance. This adapter is implemented in ROSAS
yes no Fig. 5 Distribution department's adapter for reducing cost of delivery per product unity Implementing a Digital Strategy through Business Process Management 241 Recommended work product:
Recommended work product: External carrier contracted to perform shipment Text shown to the user: Please, contract an external carrier to deliver these orders,
The results-chain that is linked to this activity is illustrated in Fig. 6. The work product contributes to the implementation of the make use of external transport services action,
when this reduces the cost of delivery per product unity External carrier contracted Fig. 6 Results-chain linked to the work product external carrier contracted 242 C a. L. Oliveira et al. 5. 2 Finance
The recommended work product here is assigned the truck to shipment schedule. After the addition of the Finance's adapter, the employee that is executing the Shipment Planning process will also be informed that his decision affects the FCF of the organization and that, in certain instances,
We propose in our work two main criteria to be taken into consideration when ranking recommendations:
While the identification of possible integration points works on a general level, this selection is only a first heuristic.
the prototype implementation also works for any custom Workflow Client implementation. Thus, Kitcom is seen as a promising next step in automating compliance, that is,
Business process innovation also encompasses new work strategies and the implementation of change, with its technological, human and organizational dimensions.
other BPM researchers can relate their work to the discussed process capability framework (Fig. 1). For instance,
His work is cited highly (highest H-index among European computer scientists, 115 according to Google Scholar. In 2012, he received the doctor honoris causa from Hasselt University, Belgium.
His work has appeared in several journals (e g.,, Communications of the AIS, Information systems Journal, and Business Process Management Journal) and was presented on international conferences (e g.
Her work focus Business Process Modelling on Multi-Organizational foundations. Sandra has experience from ICT-related transport
Besides her research, she works as an external consultant at Lufthansa Technik AG. Kai Kittel Baur Fulfillment Solutions Gmbh, Germany Kai Kittel is a business process specialist at Baur Fulfillment Solutions Gmbh.
His work has received funding in excess of $2 million, from government and several large organizations, including SAP,
He is sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and currently works on his Ph d. thesis. Peter Trkman University of Ljubljana,
of work, 12,54 Nontechnical, 14,54, 259 272 Nontechnical capabilities, 14,263, 268,272 OOBJECT model, 108,113 121,123, 125 Open factory, 26 Open innovation
, 250,253, 261,263, 293 Work product, 53,234 236,238, 240 243 308 Index
INDIVIDUALS CLUSTERS ARE NEW FINDINGS FROM THE EUROPEAN CLUSTER MANAGEMENT AND CLUSTER PROGRAM BENCHMARKING UPDATED REPORT VOL. II 2012 CLUSTERS ARE INDIVIDUALSCOLOPHON AUTHORS:
the cluster management organization 16 1. 2. 2 SIZE OF CLUSTERS For the purpose of this project the size of clusters was measured in terms of numbers of cluster participants who are committed to the work of the cluster management organization.
The conditions for successful work in terms of the spatial proximity of the cluster management organization to the members of the cluster are in these cases favorable.
and the effect of the work of the cluster management organization on business and R&d activities of SME.
when it comes to the impact of the work of the cluster management organization and the share of private funding of the cluster management organization (see Figure 14).
This was analyzed in detail for SME members by calculating a composite indicator for business-oriented services provided by the cluster management organization that was put in relation with the impact of the work of the cluster management organization on business activities of SME.
Figure 15 displays a correlation between the spectrum and intensity (in terms of frequency) of business-oriented services and the impact of the work of the cluster management organization on business activities of SME.
and-not surprisingly-they also have a higher share of private financing than the research driven clusters. 3) There is a strong correlation between the age and the size of a cluster and the effect of the work of the cluster management organization on business and R&d
Government of Catalonia, Ministry of Enterprise and Labour, Directorate General for Industry, Observatory for Industrial Foresight 9 Foray, D.,David, P.,Hall, B. 2009.
and the cluster management organizations as they receive more appreciation for their work. The figure below compares the importance of cluster programs in relation to the overall national and regional economic/industrial development strategy among those countries that have entered the EU before and after 2003.
when it comes to the effect of the work of cluster managements on international activities of SME.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011