telecommunication

Telecommunication

Communication protocol (16)
Computer networks (13509)
Data transfer rates (147)
Fax (117)
Global network (69)
Intercom (1)
Mobile telecommunications technology (202)
Offline (125)
Telecommunication (942)
Telecommunications companies (18)
Teleconference (4)
Telephone (2221)
Telephone companies (229)
Text messaging (4)
Videoteleconference (24)

Organization conducting studies in the field of broadcasting and telecommunications. Available at: http://www. idate. org INRETS:

however, the sectors of tertiary, such as entertainment, telecommunication services, cinema, creative and cultural industry, health, tourism, restaurants, banking and insurance, are concerned also with innovation involving knowledge about clients BEY 13.

and covers biology and medicine, social sciences and humanities, energy and transport, environment and society, IT and telecommunications,

also thanks to the smartphones'high penetration, the development talent within the telecom industry, and the ease of deployment by using the regular means for distribution of mobile applications like Appstore or Google Play.

Actors within the telecommunication sector forecast 50 billion connected devices just within a couple of years. An increased connectivity for enhanced collaboration could be met by digital innovations that bring new values and opportunities for existing and new actor participation in the ecosystem see also chapter by Schmiedel and vom Brocke (2015.

telecommunications services and interactive learning that were traditionally the preserve of large multinational companies. During the late 70s and 80s, a significant proportion of the third level graduates from engineering and science courses emigrated to join multinationals in mainland Europe and North america.

China's Huawei, for example, now competes for telecommunication contracts in Europe and the U s. Its related attempts to acquire U s. telecom companies have been rebuffed largely by federal regulators,

providing incentive to develop indigenous product development capabilities. Moreover, China is designing and building state-of-the-art next-generation nuclear power plants,

spanning semiconductors, telecommunications, productivity or security software, computers, tablets and gaming. Across all these applications the integration of smaller, faster, mobile,

The NCC highlight in particular the importance of investment in telecommunications, transport, energy and waste management.

recycling and remarketing Shields Environmental is based a UK company that provides support services to the telecommunication sector, mainly accompanying companies with environmental management solutions and recycling.

As observed in other areas and debates (e g. telecoms, competition policy, financial services, etc. it would be possible to establish a centralised/coordinated policy at EU level,

As observed in other areas and debates (e g. telecoms, competition policy, financial services, etc. it would be possible to establish a centralized/coordinated policy at EU level (see also point above),

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ICT Information and Communication Technologies IP5 The five major intellectual property offices:

telecommunication networks and technical expertise that support information processing and communications activities at all levels of a company (Marchand et al. 2001).

6. 57 million Wireless Subscribers added in May 2007, Telecom Regulatory authority of India, Press release no. 61/2007.

and X-ray analysis Telecommunication, fibers 14 Photovoltaics Highlights of the Institutes and Companies Facility design, financing EMC filter for photovoltaic installations Rectifiers, controllers, systems 15

-Mobile phones (or the widespread telecommunications services) are the main driver for social enterprise clinics. This tool gives to the people access to new form of medical services

which wouldn't be possible without existence of telecommunication. -Review of various initiatives: -Penda Health Pilot phase.

In our examples, DIABETIVA Telemedicine builds on standard ICT with emphasis on telecommunications solutions such as the internet, mobile apps and so on.

In reality, telecommunications and information sciences play an equally important role in how they facilitate the connection between this state of the art data aggregation system and the end-users'device.

when government officials or agencies join with the private sector, civil society, professional development and training institutions, technology and telecommunication providers, educational content and ICT application developers, teachers,

and the provision of latest-generation fixed and mobile telecommunications networks. Catalonia 2020 Strategy 21 5. 6. Green economy The Catalan economy,

Measures to this end are established in the Catalan Agenda for the Mediterranean Corridor. 6. 8. 6. Improving telecommunications

Providing latest-generation land and mobile telecommunications networks is also crucial to business competitiveness. Action taken by the Government in this area is aimed at encouraging the installation of networks

as local economic motors 8. 5. Increasing the connectivity of the passenger railway system with Europe 8. 6. Improving telecommunications

This was manifest in the rapid development of the services sector (in particular of financial intermediation, telecommunication, commerce, and logistics;

many dealt with the development of telecommunications equipments and specific softwares. The measure had ten rounds

Social networking & Social media Enhancement The confluence of network-centric systems, mobile telecommunications, semantic web and web 2. 0,

mobile telecommunication and Web 2. 0 technologies, the collective awareness platforms will support wide spread participative engagement, consensual solution building and co-creative innovation.

Notwithstanding the fact that for the past 25 years the use of computers and telecommunications in healthcare has been a constant item of development agendas,

this is already a developing practice in various sectors ranging from semiconductor (fabless IP business models), to biotech, to telecommunication and software industries.

8832/12 MM/ag/mj 1 DGE-1c ECOUCIL OF THE EUROPEAUIOBRUSSELS, 20 april 2012 8832/12 AUDIO 39 CULT 61 TELECOM 73 PI 43

8508/12 AUDIO 35 CULT 53 TELECOM 70 PI 38 No. Cion prop.:16291/11 AUDIO 63 CULT 91 TELECOM 165 PI 144 Subject:

Draft Council conclusions on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation-Adoption of Council conclusions At its meeting on 17 april 2012, the Audiovisual Working Party reached an agreement

telecommunications and other infrastructures (slightly above 10%),health (9. 5%in 2009 and 8. 0%in 2012) as well as industrial 8 Government direct R&d funding includes grants, loans and procurement.

0 Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures 47.4 11.1 20.4 5. 8 14.1 4. 8 42.9 10.7 Energy 5. 9 1. 4

the Hungarian National Reform Programme 2013 foresees special measures to support the change for the low carbon emission economy as well as to support the development of telecommunication technologies

and credit bureaus Consumers Nonregulated financial institutions Credit card issuers Retailers Telecoms and utilities Public records Court judgments Credit registry Data bank Data providers Service

Retailers Telecoms and utilities Central bank Credit card issuers Banks and regulated financial institutions Note: Some economies have only a credit registry,

For example, in 2010 Hungary introduced a sectorspecific surtax on business activity in retail, telecommunications and energy supply.

‘Financial services & insurance',‘computers & electronics'and‘media & telecommunications'are leading the race to maximise the enabling and disruptive potential of digital technologies,

& Logistics Business & Administrative Services Utilities Basic Manufacturing Chemicals Trade & Retail Equipment & Machinery Automotive Media & Telecommunications Computers & Electronics Financial services & Insurance Leading

ranging from+17 points in the Media & Telecommunications industry to-10 points in the Consumer goods industry;

& Telecommunications Consumer goods Transportation & Logistics Chemicals Construction Basic Manufacturing Equipment & Machinery Automotive Financial services & Insurance Leading Midfield Lagging Infrastructure 10 85 90

& Restaurants 60 Financial services & Insurance Computers & Electronics Media & Telecommunications Automotive Equipment & Machinery Trade & Retail Chemicals 10 15 20 25 30 35

Europe Central/Northern europe Equipment & Machinery Trade & Retail Chemicals Utilities Basic Manufacturing Financial services & Insurance Computers & Electronics Media & Telecommunications Automotive Business & Administrative

The telecommunications market represents an excellent example of the economic advantages of standards. The advent of the Global system for mobile communications (GSM) standard launched in 1990 opened up a worldwide market for mobile phones

and ability to take action in the area of information and telecommunications technology. We will also ensure that our foreign policy gives due regard to maintaining our technological sovereignty in key areas.

We will support the collaborative laying of telecommunication cables during construction and streamline authorisation processes.

The Network Alliance for a Digital Germany (Netzallianz Digitales Deutschland) is established a forum by the government for comprehensive discussion by telecommunications and network operators of the conditions for incentivising market investments.

telecommunications law and competition law. zzwe are also advocating a review of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive. 30 PERSONALFÜHRUNG VI.

To this end, we are expanding standardisation activities that apply in particular to the international context. zzwe are empowering the Federal Network Agency (BNETZA) to meet the needs of telecommunications security and the European regulation on electronic identification and trust services

among other issues, within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and debate them with interested experts.

and published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and grew out of the youth employment and entrepreneurship initiative between ITU and Telecentre. org Foundation.

The authors wish to thank Susan Schorr, Head, ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau Special Initiatives Division, for her advice, direction and contributions during the preparation of the report.

That's why I am proud to be the Patron of the Young Innovators Programme at ITU TELECOM World events,

As Director of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT), I am engaged fully in empowering youth through initiatives such as my flagship m-Powering Development initiative,

Brahima Sanou Director Telecommunication Development Bureau Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment v Table of contents Page 1 Introduction...

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database Educational attainment among youth is chronically low. In Sub-saharan africa just 77 per cent of students enrol in primary education, the lowest in the world.

and short message service (SMS). At the same time, the expansion of telecommunication networks into rural areas is one of the main challenges for the sector.

and Viet nam. 99 See press release at www. mcit. gov. eg/Media center/Press room/Press releases/2585 100 International Telecommunication Union.

11, International Telecommunication Union. Making Mobile phones and Services Accessible, 2012 102 Lehdonvirta and Ernkvist. Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy, p51. 103 Gold Farming refers to

The ITU Young Innovators Competition is held annually as part of ITU Telecom World. The 2012 event in Dubai offered nearly 400 entrepreneurs aged 18-25 from 77 countries the opportunity to showcase their ICT-based projects.

telecommunications, youth or human development, education, social development and even industry work together to identify common areas of interest

International Labour Office. 2012 International Telecommunication Union (ITU. A Bright Future in ICTS Opportunities for a New Generation of Women.

International Telecommunication Union. The ICT Opportunity for a Disability-Inclusive Development Framework. Geneva: ITU, 2013 International Telecommunication Union.

Making Mobile phones and Services Accessible, 2012 International Telecommunication Union (ITU. Measuring the Information Society 2012.

Geneva: ITU, 2012. www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/International Telecommunication Union (ITU.

Measuring the Information Society 2013. Geneva: ITU, 2013. www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2013. aspx.

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Office of the Director Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email:

+41 22 730 5484 Africa Ethiopia Cameroon Senegal Zimbabwe International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Regional Office P o box 60 005 Gambia Rd.

Assane Ndoye Immeuble Fayçal, 4e étage B. P. 50202 Dakar RP Dakar Senegal International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Area Office Telone

E 11 andar, Ala Sul Ed. Luis Eduardo Magalhães (Anatel) 70070-940 Brasilia, DF Brazil International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Area

+55 61 2312 2738 Arab States Asia and the Pacific CIS countries Egypt Thailand Indonesia Russian Federation International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Regional

Office Smart Village, Building B 147, 3rd floor Km 28 Cairo Alexandria Desert Road Giza Governorate Cairo Egypt International Telecommunication

Post office Laksi, Bangkok 10210 Thailand International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Area Office Sapta Pesona Building, 13th floor JI.

c/o UNDP P o box 2338 Jakarta 10001 Indonesia International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Area Office 4, Building 1 Sergiy Radonezhsky Str.

+62 21 389 05521 Europe Switzerland International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Europe Unit (EUR) Place des Nations

+41 22 730 5111 02/2014 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2014 International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH

Social networking & Social media Enhancementthe confluence of network-centric systems, mobile telecommunications, semantic web and web 2. 0,

By converging cloud services, mobile telecommunication and Web 2. 0 technologies, the collective awareness platforms will support wide spread participative engagement

While commercial access networks from either commercial telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralised network architecture and operation model

open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network. It started in Catalonia in 2004 and as of January 2012 it has more than 15,

and society by complementing the telecommunications regulatory environment, modernising copyright rules, simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases,

Currently the telecoms single market proposal has being reviewed by the Council member States) of the EU

as complementary solutions to commercial access networks from either commercial telecom companies or by local public providers.

European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,

Building on existing schemes, such as innovation partnerships and PPPS with bigger telecommunications corporations, new schemes could be created to provide financial support for large-scale DSI experiments across Europe.

or consortia of these to compete with telecommunications corporations to for public contracts. 3. Support the scaling of DSI,

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) The ERDF finances direct aid to investments in companies-in particular small and medium sized entreprises (SMES)- to create sustainable jobs as well as infrastructures linked notably to research and innovation telecommunications

Enabling both energy and ICT/telecom companies to compete in providing energy-related services will ensure that innovative services (such as effective support of demand response) will be available to consumers,

Synergies between energy, ICT and telecom sectors must be exploited fully to reach the EU goals of consumer empowerment, energy affordability and decarbonisation.

whose shares of GDP are already much greater than are cars, telecommunications, or steel. These growing social sectors are all fields in which commercial, voluntary,

Presentation on‘civic hacking and the nature of digital social innovation'which to an audience of policy makers, practitioners and big telecommunications companies made the case for embracing the smart citizen

Rethinking the European ICT Agenda-Ten ICT Breakthroughs for Reaching Lisbon, The netherlands (EU presidency 2004), Ministry of Economic Affairs, Directorate-General for Telecommunications and Post, The hague, August.

if required Project design of installation of telecommunications infrastructure Real Decreto 346/2011 Project design of the use of solar energy for heating (either as an independent project design or as part of the general project design),

While commercial access networks from either commercial telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralized network architecture and operation model

open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network, that started in Catalonia in 2004, and as of January 2012 has more than 15,300 working nodes,

In general, European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies as well as national research institutes and traditional universities.

i e. institutions that have arisen during the rise of the Internet itself. 46 This is precisely why telecommunications companies must reinvent themselves in the presence of new, digitally native companies such as Skype and Google.

according to data released by the International Telecommunications Union in June 2012) more needs to be done to understand some of the potential barriers that might exist

While commercial access networks from either commercial telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralized network architecture and operation model

open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network, that started in Catalonia in 2004, and as of January 2012 has more than 15,300 working nodes,

according to data released by the International Telecommunications Union in June 2012) more needs to be done to understand some of the potential barriers that might exist

It seeks to provide an updated legal framework 26 Proposal for a Council Regulation amending Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011 as regards the special schemes for non-established taxable persons supplying telecommunications services. http

as regards special schemes for non established taxable persons supplying telecommunications, broadcasting or electronic services to non taxable persons (OJ L 249,14. 9. 2012

Consistent infrastructure access pricing is key to effective competition and investments in the EU telecoms markets.

Regulatory consistency across Europe ensures that telecoms operators benefit from regulatory predictability and clarity which are necessary for, in particular,

In practice, however, national telecoms regulators use diverging costing methodologies to set copper-and fibre-based wholesale access prices in their countries.

individual national telecoms regulators, market players as well as investors. The Commission services have in addition, commissioned three independent studies.

and growth in the public sector. The European Cloud Partnership is driven an alliance by key IT services procurers from European public bodies in cooperation with CEOS of the IT and telecom industry.

and broadband-a single telecoms market-harmonise ICT standards. 3. 2. Ensure people have the right e-skills to use the internet (social inclusion)

Firstly, to complete the Digital Single Market, those ICT systems sitting with internet providers, telecom providers, banks, postal operators, retailers, public authorities,

Governments must maintain the assault on barriers to competition, particularly in telecommunications markets. This is particularly critical for the growth of broadband access.

Moreover, the benefits of enhanced telecoms competition must be extended to businesses and consumers in the EU accession countries.

and telecommunications equipment and services. Part I of the report assesses the economic impact of ICT,

The ICT enablers index takes into account affordability of Internet access, telecoms market competition, security of the Internet infrastructure, government support for ICT development,

Europe's liberalisation of its telecoms markets, although patchily implemented, has encouraged also competition and made voice, Internet and data communications more affordable to many businesses and households.

and competitive telecoms sector 37 33 19 8 3 2. Government policies to promote diffusion of technology among consumers 29 33 26 10 2 3

A clear example of the benefits of open competition can be seen in Europe's liberalisation of its telecoms markets

We've highlighted the benefits that telecoms market liberalisation has brought to European businesses and consumers in the form of reduced costs and better services.

But policymakers must continue to promote competition in the telecoms industry for two main reasons.

Csaba Csapodi, director-general in Hungary's Ministry of Informatics, stresses that connectivity and cost of IT systems as well as telecoms services remain barriers to productive ICT use in accession countries.

as of national income A qualitative indicator of competition in the telecoms market. A qualitative indicator of the security of the Internet infrastructure.

%respondents) Financial services 16 Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8 Automotive 4

and competitive telecoms sector 37 33 19 8 3 2. Government policies to promote diffusion of technology among consumers 29 33 26 10 2 3

For this reason, electronic meters, automated meter management systems and telecommunications together with other communications systems that use electricity supply networks as their delivery infrastructure will serve as enabling technologies.

Keeping it real It is important to emphasise the role of ICT in particular telecommunications in adapting electricity networks to the real time actions

Huang, Chun-Yao,"Rethinking leapfrogging in the end-user telecom market,"Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 78, No. 4, 2011, pp. 703-712. http://www. sciencedirect

International Telecommunications Union, 2011. Measuring the Information Society, Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunications Union, 2013. Jackson, R.,N. Howse, R. Strauss,

and K. Nakashima, The Graying of the Great powers: Demography and Geopolitics in the 21st Century, Washington, D c.:

Telemedicine which uses telecommunication and multimedia technologies is used now increasingly for remote consultation, diagnostics and examination of patients over the internet.

Healthnet one of the most widely implemented computer-based telecommunications systems in Sub-saharan africa, currently is being used in over 30 countries by around 10,000 healthcare workers to exchange ideas

Healthnet uses low earth orbit satellites and phonelines to provide email access system of local telecommunications sites used to provide low cost access to healthcare information in developing countries through a link to basic

While the telecommunications revolution has brought the cost of transmitting information across geographic space to virtually zero,

and research labs R&d ACTIVITIES Invest significantly in research (75%invest more than 20%of Invest on average about 11%of their turnover in R&d Invest less than 5%of their turnover in R&d 8 Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new

While the marginal cost of transmitting information across geographic space has been reduced drastically with the telecommunications revolution, the marginal cost of transmitting knowledge,

and telecommunication software. Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times,

the General Secretariat for=Telecommunications and Information Society‘of the MEIS; the General Secretariat for=Industrial and Environmental Development‘of the MEIS;

with a turnover of EUR 4. 6 million and a workforce of 34 000 people in 2007 prior to the crisis. Telecommunications is the biggest subsector,

the increasing use of telecommunications technology and the creation of denser social networks through intermediary agents,

From CIOS and senior IT leaders in corporations and government agencies, to business leaders in high-tech and telecom enterprises and professional services firms, to technology investors, we are the valuable partner to clients in 9, 000 distinct

12.30%Telecom; 8. 90%Photo; 4. 40%Multifunctional Technical Goods; 4. 10%Office Equipment; 3. 60%Information technology;

9. 9%Telecom; 9. 3%Photo; 6. 6%Multifunctional Technical Goods; 2. 9%Office Equipment;

Travel and Cultural Activities, Media and Toys, IT, Telecom and Photo, and Electronics and Appliances.

1. Financial Products and Services 2. Travel and Cultural Activities 3. Film, Music, Books, Games and Toys 4. IT, Telecom and Photo 5. Electronics and Appliances

New photonic applications such as OLED displays can be used in electronic, automotive and telecommunication devices. Advanced materials as well as dvanced manufacturing technologies can virtually be employed for producing any kind of commodity.

Applicants from East asia have a very strong industry focus on electronics (incl. computer, semiconductor and telecommunication) and instruments (optical, medical, measurement.

80 90 100 Europe North america East asia Row Total Public Research*Computer/Semiconductor Telecommunication Other Electronics Instruments Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Nanotech Biotech

Significantly decreasing shares in total nanotechnology patenting (of around 5 percentage points between the two periods 1981-1999 and 2000-2007) are reported for the electronics industry (particularly telecommunication), the instruments industry and the pharmaceutical industry.

percentage points)- 15-10-505 10 15 20 Europe North america East asia Row Total Public Research*Computer/Semiconductor Telecommunication Other Electronics Instruments

The increase of the public research sector's share by 9 percentage points stands vis-à-vis a small decrease in telecommunication, instruments and pharmaceuticals,

The electronics industry (sum of computer, semiconductor, telecommunication and other electronics) is the largest applicant sector for nanoelectronics, nanooptics and nanomagnetics.

research 31 25 33 39 25 22 45 Computer/semiconductor 1 18 3 8 8 19 6 Telecommunication 0 4

nanotech 49 7 BASF DE chemicals 36 7 MIT US research 45 8 Alcatel Lucent FR telecommunication 35 8 General electric

C. BE research 27 12 Motorola US telecommunication 31 13 Fraunhofer DE research 26 13 U s. Government US government 29 14 ASML

JP telecommunication 56 8 Fujitsu JP computer 52 9 Fujifilm JP chemicals 47 10 Seiko JP instruments 40 11 Pioneer

While nanotechnology is applied currently on an industrial scale in microelectronics (semiconductors, nanowires, lithography), coatings and paints, some specific defence-related applications, telecommunication (displays, optoelectronics) and in some areas of advanced materials (e g. carbon nanotubes),

these industry sectors are semiconductors, computer, telecommunication, instruments, chemicals, automotive, defence, machinery, other materials, research,

70 80 90 100 Europe North america East asia Total Other Electronics Semiconductors Computer Telecommunication Instruments Chemicals Automotive Defence Machinery Other Materials

Decreasing shares are reported for the electronics industry (i e. integrated electronic companies) in Europe and Japan, for telecommunication companies in all three regions,

Other Electronics Semiconductors Computer Telecommunication Instruments Chemicals Automotive Defence Machinery Other Materials Research Source: EPO:

Motorola US telecommunication 326 12 IMEC BE research 150 12 Honeywell International US machinery 324 13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft DE research 133 13

Foundries DE semiconductor 66 21 ASM America US semiconductor 168 22 ALCATEL FR telecommunication 62 22 Sandisk US machinery 167

NEC JP telecommunication 675 7 Canon JP instruments 659 8 Sharp JP electronics 646 9 Hitachi JP electronics 620 10

followed by the telecom market segment with around 25 percent. Figure 4-20: Worldwide semiconductor sales 2007, by market segment (percent) Industrial and military 8. 2%Consumer 20.5%Automotive 6. 3%Telecom 25.5%Computer 39.6%Source:

OECD, based on Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA. European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 124error!

This specialisation is even more apparent in automotive (46 percent design and 30 percent production), industrial (43 percent design and 30 percent production) and telecommunications (40 percent design

The Ottawa cluster on the other hand is much more specialised in telecommunications equipment microelectronics, photonics and software (Wolfe, 2002.

notably from the United kingdom. In the 1970s and 1980s a vibrant cluster emerged around the quickly developing market for telecommunications equipment driven by a number of spin-offs from large firms in the region.

However, with the burst of the dotcom bubble the industry had to diversify beyond telecommunications equipment.

In spite of this nascent diversification the global downturn in demand for telecommunications equipment around 2001 and the closure of Nortel's semiconductor factory in Ottawa dramatically stalled the growth of Ontario's microelectronics industry.

a number of centres of excellence both federally and provincially funded, including important actors such as the Canadian Institute for Telecommunications Research,

Secondly, the microelectronics sector in the Ottawa sector has strong interaction with the telecommunications equipment, software,

This concentration is even more visible in the telecommunications sector, with 90 percent of Canada's R&d in industrial telecommunications conducted in the region (Wolfe, 2002).

However, what is emphasised also is the drive in the region to commercialise and to take a global focus.

The Ottawa cluster has a strong specialisation in telecommunications equipment, which led to a state of crisis after the dotcom bubble resulted in the closing of a number of production plants.

A particular weakness of the region after the dot-com bubble is the strong specialisation in telecommunications equipment requiring ongoing revitalisation efforts.

Strong growth with telecommunications equipment boom in 70s/80s Large lasting crisis following dotcom burst need for regeneration of cluster Two national platforms:

In the past strong focus on telecommunications equipment. Cluster regeneration plans aim to focus on health care, automotive, broadband and multimedia Good access US market Ontario government aims to stimulate innovation and growth in microelectronics through public procurement.

with different microelectronics industries, e g. telecommunications equipment, software, etc. R&d tax credits important role in cluster strategy.

Decreasing shares are reported for the electronics industry (i e. integrated electronic companies) in Europe and Japan, for telecommunication companies in all three regions,

Telecommunication Semiconductor/computer Other Electronics Chemicals Glass/ceramics Other Materials Machinery/instruments Vehicles/defence Public research Source:

-which splits the total sample of photonics patents in two subsamples of similar size-reveals a shift of photonics patenting from telecommunication towards the optical industry (Figure 6-15).

In Europe, telecommunication as well as other electronics lost importance as photonics patents producers while the lighting industry and the semiconductor industry gained shares.

/cable/solar Lighting Telecommunication Semiconductor/computer Other Electronics Chemicals Glass/ceramics Other Materials Machinery/instruments Vechicles/defence Public research Source:

Other electronics (i e. electronics companies not specialised in telecommunication, semiconductors, computers or lighting) is the most important applicant sector for all four subfields in photonics. 30 percent of all lighting patents

telecommunication, optical and semiconductor companies, but also public research is a relevant actor for patenting in this subfield.

as well as by companies from the chemicals and telecommunication industry. Table 6-4: Sector affiliation of applicants of photonics patents, by subfield((EPO/PCT 1981-2007 applications, percent) Solar Lighting Laser Devices Optical/cable/solar 12

21 17 21 Lighting 17 5 2 1 Telecommunication 2 2 18 11 Semiconductor/computer 5 9 10 6 Other

Rank Name Country Sector#pat. 1 Osram*DE lighting 650 1 3m US chemicals 748 2 Alcatel Lucent FR telecommunication

314 4 Agilent US telecommunication 276 5 Carl Zeiss DE optical 281 5 General electric US electronics 236 6 Valeo FR

Schott DE glass 166 10 ADC TELECOMMUNICATIONS US telecommunication 165 11 Fraunhofer DE research 165 11 MIT US research 147 12

optical 111 18 Ericsson SE telecommunication 107 18 JDS Uniphase US optical 111 19 Pirelli IT automotive 100 19 Northrop grumman US defence

91 20 Robert Bosch DE automotive 90 20 Motorola US telecommunication 89 East asia Rank Name Country Sector#pat. 1 Samsung

Seminconductor Energy JLPAB. semiconductors 358 13 Pioneer JP electronics 357 14 Fujitsu JP computer 353 15 NEC JP telecommunication 336

This diverse range of photonics and optical firms primarily support applications in the telecommunications sector,

Currently, the photonics industry in Quebec supplies goods to many industry sectors, mainly telecommunications equipment (36 percent), electronic equipment (20 percent), industrial process control (18 percent), instruments

In Europe, the European commission treats photonics as a key technology for the economy of the 21st century because it impacts on many important European industries, such as telecommunication, lighting, environment, health care and life sciences, safety

In North america, the optical, cable and solar industry, the telecommunication industry and the chemical industry are the most important groups of photonic applicants.

In Europe, the electronics industry, vehicle industry and the telecommunication industry plays an important role. Market prospects and growth impacts All existing market forecast for photonics

also emanating into service sectors such as health, software, architecture and construction, telecommunication and engineering services.

, solar cells BCC (2008) Optical coatings 5 2008 5. 7 2015 2 electronics, defence/security, architecture, solar, medical, telecom, transportation BCC

(2009) Optical coatings 4. 3 2005 5. 6 2012 4 telecom, electronics, vehicles, medical, security, architecture BCC (2006) Total market

telecommunication and engineering services, contributing to both product and process innovation. Like other general purpose technologies,

. Dicken (2006), Transnational corporations and network effects of a local manufacturing cluster in mobile telecommunications equipment in China, World Development 34,520 540