Other manufacturing (C15, C23, C27, C31, C32, C33) 12%13%15%15%17%23%Telecommunications Information and communication Manufacture of chemicals and chemical
As a work study analyst in the early 1970s undertaking projects in London Telecommunications Region one of this paper's authors tramped up and down the streets of Bethnal Green, Clerkenwell,
and for more detail of Tech City's evolution, see Appendix‘A'.7 Rees, D. Personal recollections as an employee of UK Post office Telecoms 8 http://techcitynews. com/2014/06/10
'a collaboration between the technology, media and telecommunications industry, formalised by a limited company which is supported by the University of Bristol and Bristol City council.
leading Chinese telecommunications company CIOS Subject matter experts See demographics for a full overview of the research methodology.
Companies investing the biggest share of their overall revenue in IT typically IT companies, telecommunications firms,
This focus captures many of the firms that are using IT at the very core of their business banks, pharmaceutical companies, telecommunications firms, media houses and, of course,
IT services and e-commerce) Telecommunications Banking Media and entertainment Other Pharmaceutical and biotechnology 16%20%7%15%20%22%IT-intensive industry CIOS refers to the CIOS surveyed for this report,
or the two within telecommunications. Much progress remains to be made, but the IT sector is clearly doing
I spend at least 30%of my time on innovation, remarks the CIO of a major telecommunications operator in China,
Anonymous, CIO, leading Chinese telecommunications company Why CIOS and CMOS must learn to love each other not only at SAP Michael Golz, Americas CIO, SAP Jonathan Becher, CMO, SAP Case study Michael
and both its front-and back-end processes, says the CIO of a major Chinese telecommunications operator.
Anonymous, CIO, leading Chinese telecommunications company Darryl West, CIO, Barclays Group 32 Born to be digital Digital-ready CIOS are willing to leave their home turf.
The CIO of a major Chinese telecommunications firm explains how, having initially graduated in engineering, her career path involved her becoming the head of a non-IT department,
In the telecommunications sector, one in five of these leading CIOS hold a Phd on top of other qualifications.
Anders Thulin, the CIO at Swedish telecommunications firm Ericsson, had worked in consulting, at Mckinsey & Company.
And this is even more prevalent in telecommunications where 60%have taken up their current roles since 2010.
These sectors included technology (including hardware, software and other IT services), financial services, life sciences, telecommunications, online and e-commerce.
IT, telecommunications, life sciences and banking. 39 Highest qualification 1%15%23%9%Management Phd in management or business administration MBA Master's degree in management or business administration
49,999 22%50,000 and more 19%23%Software, hardware and computer services Banking and financial services 19%8%Chemical, bio-and medical technology 14%Telecommunication operators
and services Semiconductors and 8%telecommunications equipment 7%Transport and logistics Media and televison 4%10%Other E-commerce, internet and social media 6%Cable operators and services
The region is also developing expertise in telecommunications and software development, and has a good base of medical devices companies.
Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
and infrastructure (physical access and telecommunications) especially where Industrial Estates and Business Parks are located Initiatives to strengthen the competencies
Box 1. Summary of Waterford City Infrastructure Potential Waterford-Infrastructure Assessment Potential disadvantage Neutral Potential advantage Electricity x Telecoms backbone x
Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
and the TSSG has a depth of competency in mobile telecommunications networks and applications development.
Many of these activities can be delivered from anywhere in the world to anywhere in the world-enabled by telecoms and internet technologies and presents opportunity for SMES and regionally based firms However
The research centres in Telecommunications Software systems Group and Separation Science would be regarded particularly well. While much of WIT's enterprise interactions involve companies from outside the South East region it does have a number of engagements with firms in the region,
The Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG) in WIT has been identified as a world class research facility, with the capability to significantly underpin the Priority Area of Future Networks and Communication.
Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG) Based at the WIT, the centre for Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) is a major source of research strength for the region and nationally.
Its research focus is on the dramatic changes occurring in the telecommunications software industry, and on the wider converged communications industry, particularly in managing networks and in developing innovative new services for those networks.
Established in 1997 the centre has a long history of working with industry and the centre is renowned nationally for its phenomenal success in engaging in
Energy and Telecommunications; Education and Health care; SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN FORFÁS Agriculture, Marine and Rural Development;
His Grameen Telecom has brought cellphone ownership to 300 000 rural poor in 50 000 in Bangladesh.
Project includes test phase and selection of appropriate fault indicators and telecommunications technology, installing MV reclosers with remote control and integration in existing SCADA and GIS DMS systems.
Furthermore, focus areas of this programme are innovation policies, information society and telecommunications. The overall goal of the E-Energy Programme is Paving the way towards an Internet of Energywith technical solutions for grid operation
(BMWI),-Innovation policy, information society, telecommunications. E-Energy: Paving the way towards an Internet of Energy R&d and Innovation policy, Innovation Agenda, Technology Roadmaps Available-The German Roadmap E-Energy/Smart Grid,-Analysis and evaluation of standards
society, telecommunications. E-Energy: Paving the way towards an Internet of Energy www. e-energy. de/documents/BMWI BROSCH E ENERGYV4 E 26 6. pdf The German Roadmap E-Energy/Smart Grid www. e-energy. de
While commercial access networks from either commercial telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralised network architecture and operation model
open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network. It started in Catalonia in 2004 and as of January 2012 it has more than 15,
and society by complementing the telecommunications regulatory environment, modernising copyright rules, simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases,
Currently the telecoms single market proposal has being reviewed by the Council member States) of the EU
as complementary solutions to commercial access networks from either commercial telecom companies or by local public providers.
European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,
Building on existing schemes, such as innovation partnerships and PPPS with bigger telecommunications corporations, new schemes could be created to provide financial support for large-scale DSI experiments across Europe.
or consortia of these to compete with telecommunications corporations to for public contracts. 3. Support the scaling of DSI,
existing and planned technology infrastructures (broadband networks) and other telecom-and internet-related services are presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard. 21 Human resources:
Provided that these investments respect the relevant regulation (telecom framework, State aid guidelines, etc. they can benefit from a wide range of EU funding instruments from the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) and from cohesion (in less developed regions) or rural development policies.
For support under the Connecting Europe Facility see the guidelines for trans-European telecommunications networks. 92 91 EBP:
Examples are the Finnish telecommunication concern Nokia or the German automobile company VW in Wolfsburg.
With this framework Bremen is putting a main emphasis on developing new innovation fields like T. I. M. E. telecommunications, information technology, multimedia and entertainment), health care services and environmental economics etc.
‘Euromédicine'for medicine, pharmacy and biotechnology,‘Agropolis'for tropical and Mediterranean agronomy,‘Antenna'to support the development of telecommunications and audiovisual techniques and‘Informatique'for microelectronics, data processing, etc.
5 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 Professional, scientific & controlling instruments & apparatus Electrical machinery, apparatus & appliances Telecommunication,
and medium tech industries signifi cantly improved their contributions to the Hungarian trade balance over the period 2000 2011, in particular telecommunications, scientifi c and controlling instruments, general industrial machinery and specialised
devices and services used for data processing (the information side of ICT) as well as telecommunications equipment and services for data transmission and communication (the communication side).
%In some service sectors, in particular, CRM is a key application for many of the larger companies, for example in telecommunication services (48%)and in the tourism industry (23%.
and telecommunication (Jorgenson, Ho, Samuels, Stiroh, 2007, Jorgenson, Ho, Stiroh, 2007, Inklaar, Timmer, van Ark, 2007).
80%of them related to ICT technologies. 119 This was confirmed, for example, for the telecommunication industry by an analysis on the Jcurve of innovation (Erber 2005,
AISA uses a service provided by its telecommunications provider (Telefonica) to run a company network (standard VPN Virtual Private Network.
The main contemporary downside of this solution is that telecommunication costs generated by the units are very high.
and roaming costs with the telecom operator in order to address this cost issue. 5. 8. 4 Lessons learned The implementation of the Goal/e-train project was a real success
Many Mobility solutions that depend on the telecommunication infrastructure and operating in an international environment face the same issue.
Benchmarking Efficiency of Telecommunication Industries in the US and Major European countries A Stochastic Possibility Frontiers Approach in:
medical management tools and telecommunication to develop novel applications for the management of epilepsy. It will deliver non-intrusive personal health system (PHS) for monitoring
transport, telecommunication and ICT networks for the 2014-2020 period. The proposal foresees to support investment in the provision of cross-border digital services in key areas including eprocurement,
based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures. For example, the European commission's ecall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial 112 Europe's single emergency number in case of a serious accident
/en/telecoms-internet/cybersecurity http://www. enisa. europa. eu/@EU TRUSTSEC Smart Cities and Sustainability https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node
Newton's Telecom Dictionary. New york, Flatiron Publishing. ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 60 NRC-Handelsblad (2005.
For example, improved telecommunications has created a new market for remote medical and telehealth services, such as the delivery of clinical services through videoconferencing and remote monitoring of health conditions.
) Canada is promoting competition in the telecommunications sector, including by capping wholesale domestic roaming rates to prevent wireless providers from charging other companies more than they charge their own customers (Government of Canada, 2014).
design & engineering, R & D, consumer products, electronics, aerospace, automotive, robotics, appliances, telecommunications, orthopaedics, healthcare, dental, foundry, oil & gas, petrochemical, toys
today's globalisation is built around falling telecommunications costs, which are able to weave the world together ever more. 12.3.2.
6. 57 million Wireless Subscribers added in May 2007, Telecom Regulatory authority of India, Press release no. 61/2007.
radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;machinery & equipment;
radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;machinery & equipment;
Services such as transportation, telecommunications and courier mail require systems that are designed developed, and optimized for performance
Service innovation research is targeted heavily at specific market sectors such as financial, telecommunications and transportation. Our review of this literature indicates that,
While the telecommunications revolution has brought the cost of transmitting information across geographic space to virtually zero,
and research labs R&d ACTIVITIES Invest significantly in research (75%invest more than 20%of Invest on average about 11%of their turnover in R&d Invest less than 5%of their turnover in R&d 8 Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new
While the marginal cost of transmitting information across geographic space has been reduced drastically with the telecommunications revolution, the marginal cost of transmitting knowledge,
and telecommunication software. Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times,
a productive organisational entity that uses telecommunication tools to enable, maintain and sustain members'relationships in distributed work environments).
and of Virtual Organisation (a productive organisational entity that uses telecommunication tools to enable, maintain and sustain member relationships in distributed work environments).
In the region of Malopolska, Poland the emergence of fast-growing companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies and telecommunications has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.
ICT companies have a very strong association of enterprises Estonian Association of Information technology and Telecommunications,
In the region of Malopolska, the emergence of fast-growing companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.
The spectrum of the cluster ranges from international companies in the film industry, the creative sector and e-businesses through to data processing and telecommunication technologies.
Comarch Group and Ericpol Telecom. Comarch Group, which was established in Kraków in 1993, has built an international network of subsidiaries and offices throughout the USA, Europe and the Middle east.
Ericpol Telecom (Ericpol) was established in 1991 in Lódz, but since 1995 the company has operated also in the Malopolska Region.
In addition, SMARTFREIGHT has provided input to standardisation and regulatory bodies such as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
>support and monitor the work of ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards Institute http://www. etsi. org) and CEN (the European Committee for Standardisation http://www. cen. eu) for, respectively, cooperative systems
In line with the priorities of the 2009 and 2010 ICT standardisation work programmes, CEN (the European Committee for Standardisation http://www. cen. eu) and ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards
The in-vehicle technologies needed 3g telecommunications for the accuracy and speed of delivery to make services usable and useful
Communication systems benefit increasingly from the multi-channel wireless connectivity offered by mobile telecommunications, low cost satellite technology, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) and mobile wireless local area networks (WLAN.
but telecoms are unlikely to provide the split-second speed to react if a vehicle immediately ahead suddenly swerves or brakes.
Hellenic Telecommunications and Telematics Applications Company (Greece) Total budget EUR 2. 12 million EU funding EUR 1. 44 million Start/end
'equipped with sensors to make them self-aware, context-aware and connected through global telecommunication networks that support a wide range of information services for transport operators, industrial users and public authorities.
and telecommunications networks, and increasingly tools that incorporate all three components in them, such as computer-aided manufacturing systems and self-service kiosks.
or telecommunications equipment and achieve service quality or efficiency gains. Instead they go through a process of organizational redesign
as well as in a host of technology industry areas such as high-speed broadband telecommunications, smart cards, radio frequency identification devices (RFID), geographic information systems, mobile commerce,
including broadband telecommunications, Internet usage, and data. They should allow companies to more rapidly depreciate ICT investments for tax purposes,
A Study of Technological Diffusion and Economic growth under Network theory, Telecommunications Policy (2014), doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2013.12.003.75.
An Input-Output Analysis, Telecommunications Policy 37, no. 4 5 may 2013): 387 399, doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2012.05.001.150.
Rob Frieden, Lessons from Broadband Development in Canada, Japan, Korea and the United states, Telecommunications Policy 29, no.
such as telecommunications, and provide inputs to the innovative activities of other firms in all sectors of the economy.
and broadcasting activities (60) Telecommunications (61) Computer programming, consultancy and related activities (62) Information service activities (63) Financial service activities,
Knowledge-intensive activities provide services directly to consumers, such as telecommunications, and provide inputs to the innovative activities of other firms in all sectors of the economy.
2 Electronic equipment 19 11,11 336 10,35 3 Telecommunications Equipment 18 10,53 356 10,96 4 Automobiles & Parts 16 9, 36 425
utility facilities including telecommunications networks, airports, ports or other, fixed infrastructure investments, extraction activities (ores, minerals or fuels), portfolio investments (i e. pensions, insurance and financial funds),
and optical media, 4651-Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral equipment and software, 4652-Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts, 582-Software publishing, 611-Wired telecommunications
activities, 612-Wireless telecommunications activities, 613-Satellite telecommunications activities, 619-Other telecommunications activities, 6201-Computer programming activities, 6202-Computer consultancy activities
, computer peripheral equipment and software 4652 Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts 5820 Software publishing 61 Telecommunications 62 Computer programming,
utility facilities including telecommunications networks, airports, ports or other, fixed infrastructure investments, extraction activities (ores, minerals or fuels),
Telecommunications Manufacturing and industry Basic metals and of fabricated metal products Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Biotechnology Chemicals and chemical products Coke and refined petroleum
Telecommunications J. 62: Computer programming, consultancy and related activities J. 63: Information service activities As our approach is aligned with the underlying logic of the Frascati Manual,
while the EU's BERD/value added ratio of telecommunication services is no worse than that of the US,
while the EU and South korea have similar indicators in terms of the manufacture of telecommunication and multimedia equipment and components.
while the share of telecommunications equipment, which made up nearly 50%of sectoral exports in 2011,
Declining imports in 2011 were mostly related to telecommunications equipment (42.6%share in 2011) and electronic components (representing 22.6%).
notably including the fixed telecommunications network, but also including cable television networks, as well as fixed and mobile wireless services.
For the fixed telecommunications network, there are significant uncertainties as to the quality of currently available data.
suggest that full achievement based solely on fibre-based telecommunications solutions is unlikely without some degree of public policy intervention and/or subsidy.
In any event, upgrading existing digital cable is substantially less expensive than deploying new fibre-based telecommunications networks, thanks to the benefits of sharing existing coaxial cable to multiple customer premises.
a DSLAM is a network device that is commonly provided by telecommunications operators; it connects multiple costumer digital subscriber lines to the network EIB European Investment Bank EU European union FTTX Fibre to the x;
. Dutch telecommunications company 10 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) LTE/LTEADVANCED Long-term-Evolution,
What is the current and likely future role of cable broadband as a competitor to telecoms broadband?
and/or upgrade of cable infrastructure accelerate the deployment of telecoms broadband? Section 2 reviews the DAE objectives.
Telecommunications Policy, vol. 33; P. 471-485.20 See Fornefeld, M.,Delauney, G. and D. Elixmann (2008:
paper presented at the International Telecommunications Society 17th Biennial Conference, Montreal, Canada. 22 See Liebenau, J.,Atkinson, R.,Kärrberg, P.,Castro, D. and S. Ezell:(
These are all, not coincidentally, countries with substantial competition between the fixed telecommunications network and cable.
and telecommunications for years) does not do conspicuously well. It may well be that these differences in broadband surplus are primarily a function of the level of competition.
construction and telecoms. 30 Intermediate results were presented at a public workshop in Brussels in February 2012.
notably including the fixed telecommunications network, but also including cable television, as well as fixed and mobile wireless services.
For the fixed telecommunications network, there are significant uncertainties as to the quality of currently available data.
suggest that full achievement based solely on fibre-based telecommunications solutions is unlikely without some degree of public policy intervention and/or subsidy.
however, modern Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) cable-based solutions obviously deliver capabilities that are functionally equivalent to telecom fibre-based NGA today.
) 37 See RTR, Consultation input from RTR Gmbh (Austrian Regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications), input to European commission Consultation on costing methodologies for key wholesale access prices in electronic communications,
or fibre telecommunications lines is heavily dependent on upgrading the existing fixed network, which in turn depends on the coverage footprint. 44 Hätönen, J. 2011):
at http://ec. europa. eu/information society/digital-agenda/scoreboard/docs/pillar/broadband coverage 2010. pdf. 47 A DSLAM is a network device that is commonly provided by telecommunications operators.
and thus of the cost of achieving the DAE. 4. 2. 2 Coverage of telecoms networks In the Western European EU-15 Member States,
) 4. 2. 5 Overall adoption of network technologies Many Member States already have a mix of fixed broadband technologies including telecommunications (copper and in some cases fibre), cable,
Four fibre-based telecommunications architectures were considered: PMP GPON, P2p Ethernet, P2p GPON, and FTTB P2p DSL. 55 Neither cable television infrastructure nor wireless was considered.
This analysis (which is based solely on copper and fibre-based telecommunications, and does not otherwise reflect cable
Full achievement of the three DAE objectives based solely on fibre-based telecommunication technologies without intervention
In any event, upgrading existing digital cable is substantially less expensive than deploying new fibre-based telecommunications networks, thanks to the benefits of sharing existing coaxial cable to multiple customer premises.
NGA deployment in Japan, for instance, has come at the expense of a re-monopolisation of the last mile of the Key Findings 69. telecommunications network. 79 Deployment of a fibre-based National Broadband Network
infrastructure-based competition 83 Facilities-based competition from cable is not sufficient to enable lifting of regulation from telecommunications incumbents,
Telecommunications Policy, vol. 33, P. 471-485. Lehr, W.,Osorio, C.,Gillett, S. and M. Sirbu (2006:
European commission Consultation on costing methodologies for key wholesale access prices in electronic communications, Consultation input from RTR Gmbh (Austrian Regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications) November 2011;
Direct and indirect impacts, paper presented at the International Telecommunications Society 17th Biennial Conference, Montreal, Canada.
and telecommunication infrastructure and as countries develop the skills necessary to implement electronic data storage and transmission systems.
the state of telecommunications reform and availability of affordable ICT access; presence of data standards and regulatory frameworks;
and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have developed jointly a comprehensive resource on ehealth strategy and planning.
whether at the aggregate or patient level. mhealth Mobile ehealth or mhealth encompasses the use of mobile telecommunication
Each publication in the series is targeted primarily to ministries of health, ministries of information technology, ministries of telecommunications, academics, researchers, ehealth professionals,
such as the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). An online forum to discuss the survey instrument
Geneva, International Telecommunications Union, 2009 (http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2009/index. html, accessed 17 may 2011). 15
environment and risk prevention and access to transport and telecommunications services of general economic interest. http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/thefunds/regional/index en. cfm#http
Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 2014 ITU International Telecommunication Union Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva
recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the International Telecommunication Union. ISBN 978-92-61-15291-8 ii Foreword iii I am pleased to present to you the 2014 edition of the Measuring the Information Society Report.
The report finds that in 40 per cent of countries a basic fixed-broadband Brahima Sanou Director Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) International Telecommunication Union subscription still represents more than 5 per cent
An enabling telecommunication regulatory environment can significantly influence the affordability of services. The report finds that the price of ICT services falls with better market regulation and increased competition.
This report provides the reader with a comprehensive and critical overview of the role of big data from the telecommunication sector,
Acknowledgements The 2014 edition of the Measuring the Information Society Report was prepared by the ICT Data and Statistics Division within the Telecommunication Development Bureau of ITU.
The work was carried out under the overall direction of Cosmas Zavazava, Chief, Project Support and Knowledge management Department, Telecommunication Development Bureau.
4 1. 4 Revenue and investment in the telecommunication sector...13 1. 5 Use of ICTS...
140 4. 5 The impact of competition and regulation on telecommunication prices...152 Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development...
175 5. 3 Telecommunication data and their potential for big data analytics...181 5. 4 Big data from mobile telecommunications for development and for better monitoring...
185 5. 5 Challenges and the way forward...195 Chapter 5 Annex...207 List of references...
12 1. 12 Proportion of post offices providing public Internet access, by region, 2005-2007 vs 2010-2012.12 1. 13 Telecommunication revenues, world and by level
13 1. 14 Annual investment by telecommunication operators, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right...
176 5. 2 An overview of telecom network data...182 5. 3 Customer profiling using telecom big data...
184 xii List of boxes 1. 1 Final review of the WSIS targets: Achievements, challenges and the way forward...
This will be followed by a presentation of the latest trends in terms of investment and revenue in the telecom sector.
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 39.2 26.3 24.9 15.8 12.7 8. 7 1. 3 05 10 15 20 25
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 162.7 124.7 109.9 108.5 96.4 89.2 69.3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
and mobilebroadband markets Infrastructure deployment providing access to broadband Internet continues to be a priority for telecommunication service providers and governments in most countries.
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 27.7 16.7 14.3 9. 8 7. 7 3. 1 0. 4 05 10 15
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 83.7 32.0 21.1 6. 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
data based on ITU and Telecom Advisory Services calculations. more and more countries upgrade their mobile networks. As mentioned earlier, 2g population coverage stands at over 90 per cent worldwide.
ITU Trends in Telecommunication Reform, 2014. of the world. Growth in international bandwidth has been strong in all regions,
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. connectivity, because of the strong internal demand and also its location:
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 221 420 1'213 702 4'384 11'572 8'074 19'037 21
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 78.0 57.4 53.0 43.6 36.0 35.9 11.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
and there are still a number of countries reporting low rates of public access. 1. 4 Revenue and investment in the telecommunication sector In 2012,
total telecommunication revenue stagnated at around USD 1. 88 trillion, or 2. 7 per cent of world GDP (Chart 1. 13).
The evolution of telecommunication revenues in developed countries follows the overall pattern of their economies as a whole (in the European union, for instance,
and consumer spending on telecommunication services. In addition to the adverse economic context, the voice market in developed countries is declining
In contrast to the situation in the developed world, developing countries saw a 4 per cent growth in telecommunication revenues in 2012,
This confirms the steady progress of telecommunication revenues seen Chart 1. 13: Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right) Note:‘
‘World'includes 103 countries accounting for 96 per cent of world GDP.‘‘Developed'includes 40 developed countries accounting for 99 per cent of total GDP in the developed world.‘
As a result, the developing countries'share of total telecommunication revenues increased from 26 per cent in 2007 to 32 per cent in 2012,
This testifies to the growing importance of the telecommunication sector in the economic growth of the developing world.
For example, in the recent revision of Nigeria's GDP, it was found that the telecommunication industry accounted for more than a quarter of the upgrade in GDP. 12
Chart 1. 14 shows the evolution of investment in telecommunications, which is fundamental to supporting ICT uptake and innovation.
and the reduction in telecommunication investment persisted in 2009(-2 per cent). The overall economic environment of restricted access to capital markets and the efforts of some operators to reduce debt exposure explain the sluggish investment levels seen in 2011 and particularly in 2012.13 In developing countries,
investment in telecommunication infrastructure and services has been more stable, with a smaller drop in 2008(-4 per cent) and moderate growth in the following years (4 per cent compound annual growth rate between 2009 and 2012).
which is compared relatively high with the share of global telecommunication revenues generated in developing countries (32 per cent).
The investment-to-revenue ratio in the telecommunication sector stood at 17 per Chart 1. 14:
Annual investment by telecommunication operators, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right) Note:‘
This means that, on average, for each USD 100 generated globally by telecommunication services, USD 17 were reinvested in capital expenditure
and improve telecommunication services). The investment-to-revenue ratio was somewhat lower in developed countries (15 per cent) than in developing countries (22 per cent.
On the one hand, telecommunications is a capital-intensive industry and part of the capital investments are delivered by global equipment providers,
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 78.3 40.4 32.4 8. 0%0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Internet connectivity in schools also depends on the development of the national telecommunication infrastructure and on whether service providers have reached out to rural and sometimes geographically difficult areas with low population density (Partnership, 2014).
with little attention paid to collecting official ICT statistics outside the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), with the exception of telecommunication statistics
and foster access to and increased use of telecommunications/ICTS Target 1. 1: Worldwide, 55%of households should have access to the Internet by 2020 Target 1. 2:
Worldwide, telecommunication/ICTS should be 40%more affordable by 2020a Goal 2. Inclusiveness Bridge the digital divide
Enabling environments ensuring accessible telecommunications/ICTS for persons with disabilities should be established in all countries by 2020 Goal 3. Sustainability Manage challenges resulting from telecommunication/ICT development Target 3. 1:
Greenhouse gas emissions generated by the telecommunication/ICT sector to be decreased per device by 30%by 2020 Goal 4. Innovation
and adapt to the changing telecommunication/ICT environment Target 4. 1: Telecommunication/ICT environment conducive to innovation Target 4. 2:
Effective partnerships of stakeholders in the telecommunication/ICT environment society and international organizations should be involved. New data sources could include big data (mostly provided by private-sector companies)
which could help improve the timeliness and completeness of data, without compromising the relevance, impartiality and methodological soundness of the statistics (UNSC, 2014).
provided by, for example, Internet and telecommunication companies. Second, the spread and use of ICTS allow public and private entities across all economic sectors to produce,
The focus is primarily on the telecommunication/ICT sector as a source of big data, including players such as operators and service providers,
Delegates attending the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) in Mexico city in December 2014 recommended that ITU should further examine the challenges and opportunities of big data,
and by whom, in terms of collecting and disseminating big data in telecommunications? What is the role of national statistical offices
How can big data from telecommunications inform not only ICT but broader development policy in real time, leading to prompt and more effective action?
but that is only a part of the total CAPEX of telecommunication operators. 15 For instance, the average revenue per user per month for GSM services in India was less than USD 2 in March 2012,
2011.20 The UN E-government Development Index is a composite benchmarking indicator based on a direct assessment of the state of national online services, telecommunication infrastructure and human capital in all countries.
http://www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/events/wtis2013/default. aspx. 34 For further information on the work on big data carried out by the ITU Telecommunication
Indicator definitions and the IDI methodology are discussed in the ITU Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI)
the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) and the Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH.
They periodically report back to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS), ITU's main forum on ICT statistics.
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 33 35 36 38 40 110 75 87 105 107 0 50 100 150
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. have access to mobile broadband at speeds of at least 10 Mbit/s. 10 The Republic of korea ranks second in the IDI 2013.
While mobilebroadband services were introduced as early as 2008 by state-owned operator Bhutan Telecom (under its B-Mobile brand),
major developments took place in 2013 that helped to boost penetration from only 2. 5 per cent in 2012 to 16 per cent in 2013 (see Chart 2. 3). Bhutan Telecom expanded its 3g services,
Bhutan Telecom launched its high-speed 4g services in Thimphu Chart 2. 3: Wireless-broadband penetration, Bhutan, 2008-2013 Source:
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 0. 0 0. 1 0. 3 1. 0 2. 5 15.6 02468 10 12
In order to increase rural connectivity, landlocked Bolivia launched its first telecommunication satellite Tupac Katari in late 2013.28 ENTEL Bolivia's state-owned operator is contracting capacity from Tupac Katari
Proportion of households with a computer and proportion of households with Internet access, 2012-2013, Qatar ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 91.5 88.1 97.2 96.4 0
ICT skills and fixed telecommunication infrastructure. Table 2. 9: Partial correlation analysis of IDI, population and geographic characteristics Control Variable Correlations IDI Population size Population density Land area Urban population GNI per capita IDI
. net/content/bhutan-telecom-expand-3g-network. 25 http://www. tashigroup. bt/?/p=1058 and http://www. kuenselonline. com/tashicell-goes-3g/#.
It presents IDI results separately for each of the six ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) regions (Africa, Americas, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Commonwealth of independent states (CIS) and Europe), 1
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2012 2013 Per 100 inhabitants
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 2012 2013 Per 100 inhabitants Bahrain United Arab Emiratesqatar 0 20 40 60 80 100
and the telecommunication regulator has made the attraction of international submarine cables a policy priority13 (see MIS 2013,
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 2012 2013 Per 100 inhabitants 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Macao, Chinasingapore
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 2012 2013 Per 100 inhabitants Belarus 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 Azerbaijanrussian Federationmoldova
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. World Developed 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%101 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 penetration stands
The country's Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba has one of the last state telecommunication-sector monopolies in the world.
and by negotiating agreements with telecom operators to offer discounted price plans (Galperin, 2012). Through national broadband plans, governments in The americas are recognizing the potential of ICTS to support economic development.
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2012 2013 Per 100 households
/en/industry focus/telecommunications/facility based/infrastructures/submarine cables/index. html. 14 http://submarinenetworks. com/systems/intra-asia/sjc/sjc-cable-system. 15 http
but they also apply to other telecommunication markets. Regulation sets the framework for competition, and is thus the lever
which telecommunication administrations may exert more direct control. They therefore merit particular attention. This chapter will present
fixed telephony remains the most widespread ICT service based on fixed (wired) telecommunication networks. Global fixedtelephone penetration stood at 16 per cent by end 2013,
including the incumbent Rostelecom, Mobile Telesystems OJSC (MTS) and ER-Telecom. The national fixed-broadband market in the Russian Federation is
and is concentrated relatively, dominated by Kyrgyz Telecom. These factors suggest that regulatory measures to promote competition
along with Tunisia (Chart 4. 7). Tunisie Telecom offers regular ongoing promotions for ADSL services with some of the most advantageous prices in the region:
which include specific entry-level fixed-broadband plans offered by the state-owned telecom operator ANTEL (ITU,
Mobile broadband Mobile broadband is the most dynamic telecommunication market, the only one displaying sustained double-digit growth rates since 2008 (Chapter 1). According to ITU estimates,
but also by affordability. 4. 5 The impact of competition and regulation on telecommunication prices The impact of ICTS as development enablers depends on access to ICT services
most of them from the developing world, makes it possible to formulate some genuine global conclusions on the links between competition, regulation and telecommunication prices, based on a worldwide representative sample,
and to check to what extent the quantitative results based on telecommunication data from EU, OECD and specific countries hold true in a global context.
such as the impact of a specific regulatory intervention on telecommunication prices (e g. mandating infrastructure sharing
competition and prices The fall in telecommunication prices in the last decade, and in the period analysed in this chapter (2008-2013),
In recent decades, there has been a global trend towards the liberalization of telecommunication services and the privatization of incumbent operators.
) Regulators have thus become the custodians of competition in telecommunication services at the country level.
and its links to the performance of capital-intensive industries like telecommunications. 43 A country's institutional endowment determines the scope for arbitrary administrative discretion, the legal certainty necessary for investors and, through this,
In addition, regulation is a significant part of the institutional framework that affects telecommunication markets. Thus, it can contribute to creating legal certainty and a level playing field,
Market competition is one of the main drivers of affordable prices in telecommunication services. Chart 4. 21 shows the evolution of average entry-level fixed-broadband prices and competition.
the regulatory mandate in the different segments of the telecommunication sector; Cluster 3: the regulatory regime in the different areas covered by the regulatory authority,
and common institutional frameworks that go beyond telecommunication regulation (e g. the European union acquis). 49 Such background fixed effects may be important for each region,
mandatory before decisions 4. Percentage of diversified funding 3. Accountability 2. Autonomy in decision making 1. Separate telecom/ICT regulator Regulatory authority 11.
Final prices reflect a number of parameters that characterize a telecommunication market and are often the result of the simultaneous effects of technology choices, competition and regulation.
It is established well that prices of telecommunication services vary with levels of economic development. Therefore, gross national income per capita (GNI p. c is included in the model to control for the differences in economic resources that play a role in shaping prices.
The deployment of telecommunication networks requires large investments that operators evaluate depending on the demand for the service and the specific business case in each geographic area.
For instance, a country with a separate telecommunication/ICT regulator that has autonomy in decision-making, enforcement power,
Based on the econometric model, it can be concluded that factors that are purely attributable to the telecommunication sector, such as operators'strategies on data caps,
telecommunication services. Therefore, the average for handset-based mobile-broadband prices provides only an indication
see Galpaya (2011) and the presentation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri lanka on the impact of the floor rate, available at:
Maroc Telecom, http://www. iam. ma/Groupe/Institutionnel/Qui-Sommes-Nous/Filiales participations/Pages/Mauritel. aspx), out of a total of 7 532 fixed
See for instance Xia (2011) and India's Department of Telecommunication press release: http://www. dot. gov. in/as/Auction%20of%20spectrum%20for3g%20&%20bwa/Auction%20results/3g auction -Final results. pdf. 29 For example, outflows of profits generated by a multinational operating
of the regulatory framework through the indicators Separate telecom/ICT regulator, Separate telecom/ICT regulator, Enforcement power,
While existing data can provide a relatively accurate picture of the spread of telecommunication networks and services
and held by telecommunication operators, the broader ICT sector, which includes not just telecommunication companies but also over-the-top (OTT) service providers such as Google, Twitter, Facebook, Whatsapp, Netflix, Amazon and many others, captures a wide array of behavioural
data. Together, these data sources hold great promise for ICT monitoring, and this chapter will explore the potential of today's hyper-connected digital world to expand on existing access and infrastructure indicators and move towards indicators on use, quality and equality of use.
moreover, the strongest growth in telecommunication access and use has been recorded in the developing economies, where ICT penetration levels have increased
Section 5. 3 will examine the range and type of data that telecommunication companies, in particular mobile-cellular operators, produce,
which telecom big data may be used to complement official ICT statistics and assist in the provision of new evidence for a host of policy domains,
and fully exploiting telecom big data for monitoring and for social and economic development, in particular with regard to the different stakeholders involved in the area of big data from the ICT industry. 5. 2 Big data sources,
Most of the data captured by telecommunication companies can be classified as TGD. As is often the case with technological innovation,
Telecom network operators make extensive use of such techniques when rolling out new services, among other things for the purpose of pricing.
Telecom operators also use big data techniques to understand and control churn, optimize their management of customer relations
This broadly includes data captured directly by telecommunication operators as well as by Internet companies and by content providers such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
and especially those available to telecommunication operators, have wide applicability for informing multiple public policy domains.
Less use has thus far been made of telecommunication big data with a view to understanding its potential for producing additional information and statistics on the information society.
it is first important to better understand the type of data that can be made available. 5. 3 Telecommunication data
and their potential for big data analytics Fixed and mobile telecommunication network operators, including Internet service providers (ISPS), are an important source of data and for the purpose of this chapter, all forms of telecommunication big data (either volume,
velocity or variety) are being considered. Most telecommunication data can be considered as TGD, 14 that is, the result of an action undertaken (such as making a call,
sending an SMS, accessing the Internet or recharging a prepaid card). Since the service with the widest coverage and greatest uptake and popularity is the mobilecellular service,
Telecommunication data The mobile telecommunication data that operators possess can be classified into different types, depending on the nature of the information they produce.
Since mobile user devices used to access mobile telecommunication services come with an international mobile station equipment identity (IMEI) number,
An overview of telecom network data Source: ITU, adapted from Naef et al. 2014). ) Traffic data Fixed operator Mobile operator ISP Data volume Call volume SMS/MMS volume Erlang DPI data Timestamp of use Contact
In addition, telecommunication operators hold various customer details that were captured during the customer registration process. These can include the customer's name, age,
On the basis of the detailed service-usage data collected, telecommunication operators can produce a range of detailed indicators relating to service consumption.
The telecom industry's use of big data Telecommunication companies are actively seeking to intensify their use of big data analytics
Customer profiling Telecom operators capture a range of behavioural data about their customers. Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development 184 Customer profiles include details about customers'mobility patterns, social networks and consumption preferences.
Customer profiling using telecom big data Source: ITU. CUSTOMER INTERESTS SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMERS LIKELIHOOD OF CHURN MOBILITY PROFILE 185 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 in competitor networks.
which the detailed mobility profiles available to operators are leveraged. 5. 4 Big data from mobile telecommunications for development and for better monitoring In 2013, the United nations High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015
it is not surprising that mobile telecommunication big data have unique potential as a new data source,
even among the poorest and most deprived, making them particularly valuable by comparison with other types of telecommunication data.
In addition to their use for development, telecommunication big data have potential as a source to enable monitoring of the information society,
As the lead agency on global telecommunication and ICT statistics, however, ITU is exploring the potential of big data to complement its existing,
This section presents a first attempt to help identify some of the areas in which mobile telecommunication big data could complement existing ICT indicators to provide a more complete
By examining social communication patterns based on telecommunication data, it has become possible to obtain insights into societal structures on a scale that was previously unavailable.
) However, telecommunication data are also revolutionizing the study of societal structures at the micro level.
Big data to monitor the information society There is a case to be made for analysing data captured by telecommunication operators in the interests of improving the current range of indicators used for monitoring the information society.
and internationally comparable telecommunication indicators produced for tracking the information society. One of the main issues with mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscription data is that they do not refer to unique subscriptions
This would require telecommunication operators, OTT providers and other Internet content providers to work together and share information.
Telecom network operators themselves have to contend with interoperability issues arising from the different systems (often from different vendors) they employ.
Naturally, telecom network operators have curated their data based on their needs. To be able to use telecom big data for development and monitoring
and to guarantee its continuity, the creation of a semantic framework would require greater consensus among the many diverse stakeholders involved (telecom operators, network equipment manufacturers, system developers, developmental practitioners and researchers, NSOS, etc.).
Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development 196 Accessing and storing data,
in addition to releasing some of its own telecom datasets, it partnered with other data providers to curate
and standard-bearers when it comes to telecom network big data. Some have argued that NSOS are placed well to ensure that best practices are followed in the collection and representation of big data,
Telecom operators, for their part are regulated mostly by sectorspecific regulators who can also have purview
i e. the use of telecom big data for monitoring and development. This does still require the confluence of appropriate stakeholders.
when considering how telecommunication data may be used for monitoring and development. While the potential benefits to be gained from leveraging mobile network operator data for monitoring
or the levels of gender representation among telecom users, are all valid considerations. While the registration information might provide answers,
the reality is that the demographic information on telecom subscribers, for example, is not always accurate.
Telecom network big data, which mostly fall under this category, may be less susceptible to self-censorship and persona development,
Telecom network operators themselves use such techniques when rolling out new services or, for that matter, for pricing purposes.
Even when engaging with the broader question of how telecommunication network data could be used for monitoring,
which stand to benefit the most from the use of telecommunication big data to complement official statistics,
and telecommunication operators and Internet companies, including search engines and social networks, on the other, is necessary
As the main regulatory interface to the telecom sector, NRAS are placed well to co-champion the national discussion on how telecommunication big data may be leveraged for social good.
As one of the main international bodies working on issues related to the telecommunication sector, ITU could leverage its position to facilitate global discussion on the use of telecom big data for monitoring the information society.
Together, ITU and UN Global Pulse could facilitate the work that needs to be done by NRAS and NSOS, through awareness raising and engagement on privacy frameworks
ITU could help reduce the transaction costs associated with obtaining telecommunication big data, for example by facilitating the standards-setting process.
and leveraging telecommunication big data for social good. Academia, research institutes and development practitioners The research into how telecom data may be used to aid broader development is being done mainly by academia, public and private research institutes and, to a lesser degree,
development practitioners. This makes them important stakeholders in defining the state of the art with respect to leveraging big data for development.
They, more than others, have been the first to engage with telecommunication operators with a view to using their data for development.
Their collective experiences will be valuable as big data for development becomes mainstreamed. 207 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Chapter 5 Annex The mobile-telecommunication data that operators possess can be classified into different types,
Whenever a user utilizes a telecommunication service, each access is recorded not only for infrastructure management but also for billing purposes.
Device characteristics All mobile user devices used to access mobile telecommunication services come with an international mobile station equipment identity (IMEI) number.
telecommunication services. In addition to serving as a unique serial number for the handset, parts of it can reveal information on the handset make and model, type of technology (e g. 2g, 3g, LTE),
Customer details Telecom network operators capture various items of demographic data during the customer registration process.
/11 ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database, 17th edition, 2014, available at: http://www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid. aspx. 12 See http://blog. stephenwolfram. com/2013/04/data science-of-the-facebook-world/.
and regional economic development in Côte d'ivoire. 14 The term metadata is used also quite extensively to refer to TGD from telecommunication operators. 15 Deep packet inspection (DPI) is a process that utilizes specialized software to scan all of the data
of telecommunication services (e g. double-and triple-play offers), revenue figures disaggregated per service are in most cases not comparable across operators and countries.
of the sample regulation on the Indian Department of Telecommunications website (http://dot. gov. in/sites/default/files/Unified%20licence 0. pdf). Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development
For example, the telecom operator captures the MAC address from a modem or router or handset that accesses its network and maintains the mapping of this network interface to a particular customer.
Telecommunications Policy 34.11 (2010): 661-671. Boyd, D. and Crawford, K. 2012), Critical questions for big data.
European commission (2014), E-Communications and Telecom Single Market Household Survey. Special Eurobarometer 414, March 2014.
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Gruber, H. and Verboven, F. 2001), The diffusion of mobile telecommunication services in the European union.
), Telecommunications policies: Determinants and impacts. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 4578. Gutierrez, L. 2003), Regulatory governance in the Latin american telecommunications sector.
Utilities Policy, 11,225 240. Gutierrez, L. and Berg, S. 2000), Telecommunications liberalization and regulatory governance:
Lessons from Latin america. Telecommunications Policy, 24 (10 11), 865 884. Gutierrez, T.,Krings, G. and Blondel, V. D. 2013), Evaluating socioeconomic state of a country analyzing airtime credit and mobile phone datasets,
1 6. Retrieved from: http://arxiv. org/abs/1309.4496. Harford, T. 2014), Big data: are we making a big mistake?
http://www. ictqatar. qa/en/documents/download/Qatar's%20ict%20landscape%20report%202014-Household%20and%20individuals 12. pdf. ITU (2006), Security in Telecommunications
An overview of issues and the deployment of existing ITU-T Recommendations for secure telecommunications.
http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/publications/wtdr 10/material/WTDR2010 EXECSUM-en. pdf. ITU (2011), Handbook for the collection of administrative data on Telecommunications/ICT.
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A comparative analysis of telecommunications regulation. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 10 (2), 201 246.
Comparative studies of telecommunications, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge university Press. Lokanathan, S.,Silva, N. de, Kreindler, G.,Miyauchi, Y. and Dhananjaya, D. 2014), Using mobile network big data for informing transportation and urban planning in Colombo.
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The effects of telecommunications reform on network expansion and efficiency. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 1 (15), 65 92.219 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Ros, A. 2003), The impact of the regulatory process and price cap regulation in Latin american
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Wallsten, S. 2001), An econometric analysis of telecom competition, privatization, and regulation in Africa and Latin america.
Waverman, L. and Koutroumpis, P. 2011), Benchmarking telecoms regulation: The Telecommunications Regulatory Governance Index (TRGI.
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and prospects, Telecommunications Policy, Volume 35, Issue 1 february 2011, pp. 51-63. doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2010.12.008.221 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Annex 1. ICT Development Index (IDI) methodology This annex outlines the methodology used to compute the IDI,
The ICT Development Index'report (ITU, 2009). 2 More information about the indicators is available in the ITU‘Handbook for the collection of administrative data on telecommunications/ICT'2011,
however, the data may not necessarily reflect these revisions. 4 More information about the indicators is available in the ITU Handbook for the collection of administrative data on telecommunications/ICT'2011,
preference was given to prices offered by the (former) incumbent telecommunication operator. In some cases, especially when prices were advertised not clearly
The collection of price data from ITU Member States and the methodology applied for the IPB was agreed upon by the ITU Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) 1 and endorsed by the eighth World
Telecommunication/ICT Indicators meeting held in November 2010 in Geneva, Switzerland. The fixed-telephone sub-basket The fixed-telephone sub-basket refers to the monthly price charged for subscribing to the public switched telephone network (PSTN
on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) 9 in 2012, and revised in 2013 by EGTI in view of the lessons learned from the first data collection exercise.
The revised methodology was endorsed by the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium held in December 2013 in Mexico city, Mexico.
ITU. 239 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 1 The Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) was created in May 2009 with the mandate to revise the list of ITU supply-side indicators
EGTI reports to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS. 2 In some cases, it is not clear
11 These rules were presented to the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) in September 2012.
The EGTI proposals to measure mobile-broadband prices were endorsed by the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium held in December 2013 in Mexico city, Mexico.
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Annex 3. Statistical tables of indicators used to compute de IDI 244 Percentage of individuals using the Internet Fixed (wired)- broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Annex 3. Statistical tables of indicators used to compute de IDI 246 Skills indicators Gross enrolment ratio Adult Seconday Tertiary literacy rate Economy 2012 2013
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Annex 3. Statistical tables of indicators used to compute de IDI 248 Access indicators Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2012: 1) Incl. 524 958 WLL
Voip. 5) Bhutan Telecom is the only service provider as of now in Bhutan. 6) By December 7) Fixed
Voip. 5) Estimate. 6) Bhutan Telecom is the only service provider as of now in Bhutan. 7) By December 2013.8) Excl. voice-over-IP (Voip) subscriptions,
Voip. 3) Active subscriptions. 4) Bhutan Telecom and Tashi Cell are the only two service providers in Bhutan. 5) Activity criteria:
Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2013: 1) Preliminary. 2) Active subscriptions. 3) Bhutan Telecom and Tashi Cell are the two service providers in Bhutan
or equal to, 512 Kbps. 15) Rightel (Tamin Telecom) has been given license to operate 3g services and started services from February 2011 (http://www. rightel. ir/).
active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3175 Wimax. International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland
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