According to OECD (2007), first of all, the higher education policy should have an explicit regional dimension, such as in the Nordic countries, where universities'engagement with the business and the community has been recognised
to succeed, regional collaboration needs a national framework consistent between the domains of higher education and territorial development,
Supporting growth and jobs an agenda for the modernisation of Europe's higher education systems, EC COM 2011/567, Brussels. Available from:
Higher education Management and Policy 20 (2): 3-33. Hollanders, H. 2012. Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS)( 2012:
Higher education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged. OECD Publishing, Paris.**Regional Innovation Monitor (2011: Annual Report 2012.
and globally relevant industry networks and connected higher education/research) Central Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia (Some sporadic industry players yet weak economy in general, higher education and research is (usually) locally important and relevant
as well as links into the wider higher education, innovation and specialist knowledge of the Copenhagen Business school. 2. Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities, etc.
and Higher education was quick to adapt, with leading universities like MIT or the Open university in the UK leading the wave of innovations in the way teaching is delivered
to an analysis of the role that MOOCS could play in repairing the higher education system.
Traditionally the need for higher education in society has been handled by higher education institutions such as universities offering courses in specific geographical locations with access only to a limited number of admitted students.
Alongside earlier models of open universities, distance learning and ICT enabled education MOOCS enable new ways of providing Higher education and possible transformation of the organisation of Higher education.
and offer new forms of participation, collaboration and assessment in Higher education. At the same there are plenty of social innovation initiatives ranging in scale
unused capacity also plays a part as high school students which excel at math as well as university students passionate about teaching get a chance to be involved.
MOOCS have widened the access to higher education for a large group of people in society by changing the way higher education is provided
and be flexible for a traditional higher education course. Through the use of ICT Coursera and MOOCS have offered a possibility.
MOOCS have the potential to open higher education, and make the best education in any topic available to anyone with a computer and Internet connection.
and on a quite pragmatic note also might cut costs in higher education. Personalisation and the development of new learning environments-be it for virtual chemistry experiments 128 (Professor Why)
and anytime-Opens higher education-May provide opportunities to cut costs in higher education-New strategic business model currently run through a non-for profit setup The main policy implications demonstrated are the importance of affordable broadband,
and guidance services. 6. 1. 5. Raising rates of school success In order to reduce the high school dropout rate in Catalonia,
Being a higher education centre, there is also a high concentration of university-based research. The headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology is located also in CH.
%This is mainly due to the fact that the majority of PROS and of HEI-affiliated research institutes
The share of the population aged between 25 and 64 with a tertiary education was 28.9%in 2008,
%)According to Eurostat, practically 100%of CH's population aged between 20 and 24 years participated in tertiary education in 2008,
however bound to worsen considerably in the near future with the new Higher education Act to be adopted at the end of 2011.
The recent sharp expansion in higher education enrolment will be shunted in line with the sharp reduction in the number of publicly funded universities and the number of students.
The planned structural change is guided by the principles of 1) reducing the budgetary contribution to higher education and 2) diminishing the excessive weight of the capital in higher education.
Priority 3 of the New Hungary Development Plan (Social Renewal) targets among other things tertiary education, specifically the development of human resources necessary for research development and innovation.
The Social Renewal Programme (and also the Social Infrastructure Programme that supported investments into HEIS'educational infrastructure) granted funding to universities and some other 20 The plans are the framework documents for allocating the financial
resources provided by the EU Structural Funds together with the national contributions. 21 HEIS the volume
HEI-specific R&d projects of the Social Renewal Programme were continued by New Széchenyi Plan's SIP.
X X X R&d activities (corporate) X X X X R&d activities (HEI-and PRO-based) X X X R&d infrastructure
as well as higher education institutions-(HEIS) or public research organisations-(PROS) based R&d activities; Innovation performers'purchase of research and technology services;
the HEI-and the PRO-based regional innovation stakeholders to pursue their activities within an increasingly centralised system:
higher than the national average of approximately 1%.Higher education research institutions, together with business enterprises R&d are most probably dominating in the region.
There are numerous university-based research centres as the region (Budapest) is also the centre of Hungarian tertiary education with around half of Hungarian students attending universities in the region.
, 93--0, 30 2000--03 2006--09 2007--10 2007--10 Tertiary education 0, 26 0, 32 0, 33 0, 30
2007 2008 2008 Higher education R&d expenditure 0, 42 0, 92 0, 92 0, 44 2000 2007 2008 2008 Source:
Mr. Negri is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Museum of the Cathedral (Museo del Duomo) of Milan and the Scientific Director of the Executive Master Course in European Museology, IULM University, Milan.
Unfortunately, the role and the form of higher education have changed hardly; aside from Powerpoint presentations replacing most writing-on-a-blackboard styled ones.
only one third of them believe that the US higher education is heading in right direction,
But ideas for change in the US higher education may be found everywhere. There are numerous conferences discussing topics ranging from MOOCS to competency-based degrees.
Accommodating this new generation of ever-changing students is going to be a monumental task for institutions of higher education.
of Higher education. The Innovative University: What College Presidents Think about Change in American Higher education Online. Available:
http://strategicplanning. fairfield. edu/sites/default/files/innovative uni versity 140516. pdf International Journal of Social science and Humanity, Vol. 5, No.
which he received his masters in experimental music composition 1988. From the University of Miami in Florida, Mr. Milicevic received his doctorate in computer music composition in 1991
The higher education organisations underperforming the EU-28 average (23.8), %because their share decreased slightly in the past four years from 21.7%to 18.4%.
funding of higher education organisations will depend more on excellence if the draft higher education strategy will be approved.
Exploration of innovative services and new services in public organisations as proposed by the RDI strategy 2013-2020, could improve the low risk taking culture of civil servants.
even if TTOS are established at all major HEIS. Besides attraction of young and mid-carrier professionals from companies to PROS and universities to introduce professional research management techniques,
and HEIS as the age pyramid of many research units is heavy on the top.
This decrease was quite uneven among the HEIS, as shrinking of their budget was depending on the evolution of the number of students and specialisation of the respective HEIS.
The priority was given natural science and engineering specialisations, while social science faculties suffered the most. At the same time, the HEIS got access to substantial funding from different Operational Programmes of the Structural Funds 2007-2014.
This funding was distributed through competitive measures (i e. TIOP and TÁMOP) through which HEIS were able to establish new research centres,
renew their research infrastructure and launch new research programmes, including the implementation of some basic research projects too.
however the size of the project-based funding could be estimated similar to the institutional funding of HEIS according to OECD figures on education3.
(%of GDP) 0. 54 0. 55 0. 58 0. 61 1. 12*R&d performed by HEIS(%of GERD) 21.7 19.9 20.2 18.4 23.8 R&d
The higher education organisations underperforming the EU-28 average (23.8), %because their share decreased slightly in the past four years from 21.7%to 18.4%.
Nevertheless, institutional or core funding is vital for the operation of research units at higher education organisations and PROS.
normative support for R&d activities conducted at HEIS, and support to the largest PRO, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
A new higher education strategy is under preparation and consultation that foresees changing several articles of the law on higher education approved in 2011.
Since 2010 several strategies has been made for the sector, although none of them was implemented. The main stakeholder, the Hungarian Rectors'Conference supports the new strategy
the whole higher education sector received only HUF 123.5 billion (€425 million) in 2013. The strategy outlines the new financing principles of the higher education sector
and foresees more stable financing that will be based in 70%on the number of students and in 30%on the scientific excellence of the higher education organisations.
In addition, the strategy aims to increase the government support of the sector and intends to reach the OECD average financing on mid-term.
The strategy proposes four types of HEIS: national science universities, universities, colleges and community colleges. According to the proposal, the government will not limit the access to higher education
In terms of 18 management of the higher education organisations, chancellors will be appointed and will be responsible for professional management of the organisations,
Although the strategy was accepted by the Higher education Round table in September 2013, the government not discussed the higher education strategy by the end of 2013.
A new two-stage scheme, called Start-up 13, was launched in June 2013 in order to support the development of the Hungarian start-up ecosystem and more specifically the development of technology start-up companies.
In addition, it is expected that as a result of the implementation of the strategy the higher education organisations and institutes of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA),
In 2012 ex-post evaluations addressed interventions related to the development of the higher education, sustainable development of settlements and logistic investments.
ecosystem, including research infrastructure, secondary and higher education, health care and cultural institutions; Building the information ecosystem,
a new higher education strategy is under preparation and consultation that foresees changing several articles of the law on higher education.
In the past four years, the government reduced drastically the support of the state higher education sector in order to increase the quality of graduates and give up the mass production of diplomas.
As a result the number of state financed students decreased to 181,644 in academic year 2013/2014 that is 13.3%less in 2010/2011,
With regards to budget allocation, the higher education sector will receive HUF196. 6 billion (about €665m) in 2014 according to the Ministry of Human resources that is a 12.6%increase compared to 2013.24 3 PERFORMANCE OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
-64 having completed tertiary education 28.1%34.6%8. 7%Open, excellent and attractive research systems International scientific co-publications per million population 387 300 3. 8%Scientific publications among the top 10%most cited publications worldwide
excellence is becoming as a key criterion in funding of the public R&d and the financing of the higher education organisations as proposed by the new higher education strategy;
and project work is used not frequently neither in secondary nor in higher education. Entrepreneurship education and training is not available in the curricula apart from these specialisations at dedicated faculties;
low share of women in senior researchers and management positions in research and higher education organisations;
Apart from the share of doctoral graduates, it is a positive trend that the share of population aged 30-34 having completed tertiary education increased significantly (8. 7%)to 28.1%according to the IUS 2013 figures
Bolyai)- Post-doc fellowships to be introduced in HEIS Public research centres and HEIS could not compete with salaries offered by multinational companies,
hence can't attract highly qualified, top-grade graduates. Financial incentives or mechanical increases in S&e enrolment themselves might not yield results without major changes in the research and education systems,
The intention of the government in the education policy domain is to reduce higher education expenditures funded by the state and support especially science and engineering education.
It is foreseen that type of education should be financed gradually from the market. 34 The Campus Hungary program launched in 2012 aims to enhance international student mobility in higher education
and facilitate the internationalisation of Hungarian higher education by initiating and deepening cooperation with foreign higher education institutions and achieving knowledge exchange by means of student mobility.
II. 5.)on national higher education excellence, for the rating period between 2013 and 2016, three institutions were awarded the title of priority higher education institution,
The fine-tuning of the law on higher education (Act CCIV. of 2011) is under way based on a strategy consultation process launched by the Ministry of Human resources in May 2013.
This process resulted in a draft higher education strategy that was published in September 2013. This strategy specifically aims at promoting excellence in the higher education sector.
It means that the institutional funding provided by the government will be based in 30%on the institutional scientific excellence of HES
79 research teams can conduct research promising internationally significant achievements from the summer of 2013 with a total funding of nearly HUF3 billion (about €10. 3 m). In 2014 a new post-doctorate fellowship will be launched
According to the information obtained from the State Secretariat for Higher education of the Ministry of Human resources, ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian nations) member states, China,
The new higher education strategy (under consultation by end of 2013) shows also into the direction of more effective public funding.
This would be significant improvement as currently the funding of HEIS is allocated on the basis of the number of inscribed students. 5. 2 Optimal transnational co-operation and competition The role of research and innovation in addressing societal challenges,
The equivalence/validation of foreign academic degrees, i e. the recognition of foreign certificates and degrees are carried out by the Hungarian Equivalence and Information Centre (Hungarian ENIC, a member of the European Network of Information Centres) within the Educational Authority,
while the nostrification of scientific degrees is done by the Hungarian higher education organisations. Just as in other new EU Member States
although the proportion of female heads of institutions in the higher education sectors stayed at a mere 9%in 2010,
Hungarian researchers of the MTA and HEIS are requested to use and update regularly their publications in the scientific bibliography database (i e.
This database has the main purpose"to keep an inventory on Hungarian academic achievements and to make these valuable contributions known to the world in a high quality format.
although university technology transfer offices/centres are established at major HEIS, but they have only 3-5 years experiences of operation.
of the public investment in research and innovation(+)Significant amount of resources from the OPS served the renewal of research and development infrastructure of the HEIS,
HEIS from the OPS of the SF during 2007-2013(+)Opening of new research centres
%respectively(+)HEIS and research institutes enjoy high level of autonomy to organise their RDI activities.
HEIS will get 30%of their funding according to the proposal of the new Higher education Strategy(-)Hungary has no long term tradition in evaluation of all R&d performers that are entitled to receive public funding,
-HEIS and PROS couldn't offer competitive salaries researchers therefore they often go to (multinational)(+Draft Science Policy Strategy 2014-2020(+)Draft Higher education Strategy(-)Low number of institutions signed the Code of conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers
and they are not yet reorganised their processes accordingly 45 companies 6. Education and training systems(+)Government policies and incentives support the supply of graduates in sciences and engineering specialisations,
especially not for science and engineering student in mass that is recognised by the situation analysis of the draft Science Policy Strategy(-)Draft Science Policy Strategy 2014-2020(-)Draft Higher education Strategy 7
. Partnerships between higher education institutes, research centres and businesses, at regional, national and international level(+)Technology transfer centres are established at all major HEIS,
although they have no critical mass. It is positive development that both the new RDI strategy
set clear rules on the IPR(-)Research efforts are accompanied not sufficiently by measures supporting commercialisation of innovative ideas(-)Neither the draft Science Policy Strategy nor the new Higher education Strategy set clear
called Jedlik Plan(-)Draft Science Policy Strategy and the new Higher education Strategy 8. Framework conditions promote business investment in R&d,
Main changes Brief assessment of progress/achievements 1 Member State Strategies for Researchers'Training and Employment Conditions(+)New Higher education Strategy(+)Campus Hungary programme
academic and administrative staff exchange(-)National budget for higher education has decreased(+)Clear employment conditions(+)New collaboration agreements
and institutional assessments(+)National RDI strategy 2013-2020(+)Draft Science Policy Strategy(+)Support to RTDI umbrella projects(+)Draft Higher education strategy(-)Increase of the GBAORD
in 2012 compared to previous years(+)Recent policy documents foresee further increase of competitive funding(+)Proposed by the draft Higher education Strategy,
HEIS will receive 30%of their funding based their scientific excellence(+)The Hungarian Academy of Sciences distribute block funding to research centres based on their performance(-)Block funding of HEIS is not yet based on institutional assessment Action 2:
transparent and merit based recruitment of researchers(-)Draft Higher education Strategy(-)The foreseen modification of the Act on Higher education doesn't provide criteria for open,
no nationwide recommendations or measures could have been approved so far to secure their longer-term operation(-)The Act on Higher education doesn't have provisions to support knowledge transfer and TTOS Action 3:
R&d GUF General University Funds HERD Higher education Expenditure on R&d HES Higher education Sector HUF Hungarian Forint IP Intellectual Property IU SAT
and higher education in order to shape the curriculum and skills required for success . Although there are some examples of successful cooperation between higher education and industry throughout Europe,
Table 3 illustrates that the level of cooperation is limited currently rather and varies strongly between different Member States and industries.
most cooperation between enterprises and higher education can be found in Finland with a cooperation degree of 28,
currently cooperate with universities or other higher education bodies. At industry level, i e. analysing horizontally the right-hand side of Table 3,
given the fact that those industries are by definition closely related with higher education. At the bottom of the list there are industries such as‘wholesale trade,
or other higher education bodies. 2 8 7 7 11 10 15 18 17 19 19 18 19 21 21 21 23
higher education bodies(%of innovative enterprises) Source: European commission (2011. Science, Technology and innovation in Europe; Deloitte analysis Column1 All NACE activities related to innovation Agriculture, forestry & fishing Mining & quarrying Manufacturing Utilities Water management Construction Business services
the European commission published in September 2011 a new agenda for modernisation of Europe's higher education systems28.
Increasing the number of higher education graduates; Improving the quality and relevance of teaching and researcher training,
and to encourage cross-border cooperation to boost higher education performance; Strengthen the'knowledge triangle, 'linking education, research and business;
Supporting growth and jobs An agenda for the modernisation of Europe's higher education systems 29 COM (2012) 669.
and graduates alternatives to the classic route (i e. working at‘traditional'companies Encourage higher education to invite start-ups and entrepreneurs to career fairs.
Supporting growth and jobs An agenda for the modernisation of Europe's higher education systems-De Buysere, K. e. a. 2012.
Ireland/Design and Craft Council of Irelanddepartment of Enterprise, Jobs and Innovation/Enterprise Ireland/IDA/Science Foundation Ireland/Higher education Authority/Irish Research Council Enterprise
Chris holds a Master of Public Administration and a Master of arts in International Studies, both from the University of washington.
In addition to jobs that require higher education such as engineering, the pervasive use of ICT applications from web portals, text messages (SMS), mobile phone based monitoring systems,
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 46 Blended learning has gained popularity mostly in European and North american high schools, colleges and universities,
The African Virtual university is a Pan African Intergovernmental Organization created with the mandate to increase access to quality higher education and training through the innovative use of information communication technologies.
and an open master programme for anyone who wishes to learn. The courses are free
2012 Higher education Edition (Austin: The New Media Consortium, 2012), www. nmc. org/publications/horizon-report-2012-higher-ed-edition.
2012 Higher education Edition. 184 Kozma and Isaacs, Transforming Education: the Power of ICT Policies; OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012.185 Kozma and Isaacs, Transforming Education:
and Cisco Apprenticeship to offer high school graduates three-year apprenticeship opportunities with CISCO. 199 In Jordan the Ministry of Social Development is responsible for a programme designed to provide marginalized youth with training
Government can lead efforts to incorporate a number of the learning programmes and pedagogical models, such as blended learning and flipped classrooms, into K-12 and higher education.
2012 Higher education Edition. Austin: The New Media Consortium. www. nmc. org/publications/horizonreport-2012-higher-ed-edition.
and developed in high schools, with the 25 best Call4school projects invited to participate in the fair.
which was born out of collaboration between Arduino and designers in the Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction design at SUSPI in Lugano.
using their full potential requires nothing less than a combination of‘the deep strategies of chess masters with the quick tactics of acrobats'.
modernise higher education, encourage mobility (through the European Skills passport or the‘your first EURES job'scheme)
The agenda also contributes to achieving the EU's targets to get the early school-leaving rate below 10%and more young people in higher education or equivalent vocational education (at least 40),
Innovation in Higher education (November 2013) and Measuring the impact of university-business cooperation. 109 Several FP7 research projects (Programme Social sciences and Humanities) delivered results relevant for this flagship initiative.
The EU Agenda for the Modernisation of Higher education and Council Conclusions of 28-29 november 2011 stress the links between higher education
research and innovation, putting the emphasis on attracting a broader cross-section of society into higher education,
I C i e S 121 education is covered also by specific Council conclusions on the social dimension of higher education.
Specific initiatives are also being developed to increase the focus on the outcomes of higher education and their relevance for students and society.
and an initiative to improve the availability of data on European higher education learning mobility and employment in cooperation with Eurostat.
and explore the potential for action, notably on higher education dropout and completion; on the balance between public and private funding (cost-sharing),
Examples include the creation of welfare states after the Second world war, the spread of comprehensive early years'education programmes in Europe, dramatic expansions of higher education,
It has a wide-ranging portfolio, covering regulation, enterprise and business support, higher education, innovation, and science.
such as those for higher education, elder care and environmental investment. 380) Charitable status extended to allow tax allowances on investment funds,
This is the West Philly Hybrid X Team, a group of students from West Philadelphia High school's Academy of Automotive and Mechanical engineering with their entry, the EVX.
including transformations of whole sectors for social ends. 419) Strategic investments to transform sectoral provision, for example, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's investment in small high schools across America;
which is born out of collaboration between Arduino and designers in the Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction design at SUSPI in Lugano.
and won the Soccer B category at the World series of the Robocup Junior (for high school students).
Overburdened academic departments very often have neither the time nor the resources to dedicate to processing this backlog of data.
which is born out of collaboration between Arduino and designers in the Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction design at SUSPI in Lugano.
and won the Soccer B category at the World series of the Robocup Junior (for high school students).
Overburdened academic departments very often have neither the time nor the resources to dedicate to processing this backlog of data.
a cleaner printed cicruit board Crawford Hansford & Kimber developed a cleaner printed circuit board (PCB) that is incorporated into equipment that interfaces with data loggers that is now in use in higher education around the world.
and secondary schools 33 Availability of specialist high tech qualifications in further and higher education 10 Policies to redress under-representation of women in ICT jobs 2 Financing schemes for ICT-related investment
and higher education 10 Policies to attract ICT skilled immigrants 10 Policies to promote labour mobility 9 Policies to redress under-representation of women in ICT jobs 2 Other 1
Higher education and skills issues. With regards to education and skills, it is already evident that an insufficient number of well-trained engineers are being produced in the power engineering field.
Percentage of the population age group 30-34 who have completed tertiary education, by country in the EU-27, in 2011.24 Figure E. 4. 1:
Percentage of the population age group 30-34 who have completed tertiary education, by country in the EU-27, in 2011 Source:
Correspondingly, the global mobility and flow of 25 students in tertiary education has soared since the 2000s, increasing by 78%between 2000 and 2010 from a total of 2 million to 3. 6 million.
Such policies may also increase the globalisation of higher education and of associated changes in values.
Despite the decreasing affordability of education, increasing unemployment caused by the financial crisis has led to increases in the number of students enrolled in higher education institutes as education is seen as an alternative to unemployment.
however, has contributed to exacerbating inequalities in access to higher education (see Figure E. 3. 1 on educational attainment in tertiary education.
with the potential effect of increasing participation in higher education especially in countries where enrolment rates are currently low.
Damme, Dirk van,"Quality Issues in the Internationalisation of Higher education,"Higher education, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2001, pp. 415-441.
"How the Great Recession Affected Higher education: University of chicago Press, 2012. Lusk, Jayson L. 2011. Chapter 10:
Higher education and the New Imperialism,"Handbook on Globalization and Higher education, 2011, pp. 40-58. National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, Government of India, The Challenge Of Employment In India.
The future of higher education 2030, OECD, 2009. Risk and Regulatory Policy; Improving the Governance of Risk, OECD, 2010.
"from http://www. state. gov/documents/organization/210737. pdf. Vaira, Massimiliano,"Globalization and higher education organizational change:
A framework for analysis,"Higher education, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2004, pp. 483-510. Van Ark, B.,R. Inklaar and R. Mcguckin:
"Quality issues in the internationalisation of higher education.""Higher education 41 (4): 415-441. van Deursen, Alexander,
and Jan Van dijk,"Internet skills and the digital divide,"New Media & Society, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2011, pp. 893-911.
and S. Sheng,"China's Great Leap in higher education,"EAI Background Brief No. 394,2008. As of 08/03/2013:
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