Open innovation and cooperation amongst the quadruple helix stakeholders (universities, industry, governments and innovation users) is key to generating new opportunities,
This consultation attracted considerable participation (176 contributions), mainly from the fields of universities, research and business.
and there are knowledge hubs (universities and technology and research centres) which foster innovation. For more detailed analysis, see the document Analysis of Leading Sectors
The fifteen Connect-EU working parties are all open groups formed by public and private stakeholders (companies, business associations, universities, etc.
Objectives 3. Tools and Policies 35 Main stakeholders Companies, business associations, cluster organisations, universities, research centres, technology centres, foundations and institutions linked to R&d&i,
Main stakeholders Technology centres, research centres, hospitals and associated foundations, university groups and other public or not-for-profit organisations in the science and technology system, and companies.
Support for university groups focuses on marketing their technological services and the results of their research, with the goal of promoting the third and fourth university missions,
Main stakeholders Universities, research centres, technology centres, companies and business associations. Government of Catalonia, State, European funds and other public/private sources of finance.
However, there exists a problem of connection that makes it more difficult for knowledge gathered at universities
To help adapt university degrees to the needs of the production system. To increase the number of researchers of excellence in the R&d&i system.
Objectives 3. Tools and Policies 40 Main stakeholders Financing Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations.
The investment and knowledge of universities and research and technology centres can be capitalized through technology mechanisms such as the establishment of new technology-based firms,
Main stakeholders Research centres, technology centres, hospital research and valorisation units and university groups. Government of Catalonia, State, European funds and other public/private sources of finance.
a range of different stakeholders (companies, technology centres, universities and R&d centres) take part in such processes,
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, universities, research centres, technology centres, companies and business associations. Government of Catalonia, State, European funds and other public/private sources of finance.
They also reinforce the role played by universities as drivers for development in the territory.
To strengthen the universities'fourth mission. To generate new economic and job creation opportunities in the territory.
Main stakeholders Local authorities, companies, business associations, cluster organisations, universities, research centres, technology centres and other bodies in the territory.
Moreover, it is vital to establish at universities, research and technology centres, etc. a framework of regulations and preliminary agreements to facilitate the creation of companies,
Objectives Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, universities, companies, business associations, organisations and research and technology centres.
and potential creators of international enterprises in cooperation with universities and business schools. 3. Tools and Policies 53 P. 4. 3. Social innovation Social innovation can be defined as a series of cooperation
administrations and universities. Financing To support strategic change in companies. To promote business and public-private cooperation.
Innovation must be present in curriculums for vocational training, university degrees and MA courses related to the production sector,
Company-university and company-vocational training centre cooperation programmes enable students to develop projects with companies
Further advances should also be made in the process of modernising the universities so that they adapt to the knowledge society,
To help adapt university degrees to the needs of the production system. To increase the number of researchers of excellence in the R&d&i system.
Objectives Main stakeholders Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations.
The Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, which is responsible for distributing funds for research through public and competitive calls for proposals,
or universities and mostly rely on the resources of large enterprises, i e.,,,,multinational companies. It is a non-negligible experience of the past 25 years that the utilisation rate (contracting in time
and that both the university and the academic community are present. The state actors are involved also in the work,
and university research centres in the fields of material sciences, solid body physics, chemistry, life sciences and earth sciences;
Hungarian research organisations may participate in state-of-the-art multinational academic/university examinations. The ethical-professional supervision of the activity of the Hungarian organisation (HECRIN) is performed by the Medical Research Council.
and several universities and research institutes (ELTE, SZIE Gödöllo, NAIK ERTI, Nyme, and numerous agricultural corporations (e g.
The Higher education Authority is the statutory funding authority for the universities, institutes of technology and a number of other designated institutions and is the advisory body to the Minister for Education and Skills in relation to the higher education sector.
Current proposals are around developing regional clusters of universities and institutes of technology in the South, Midwest, West,
The rest of the membership comprised representatives from each of the relevant funding organisations active in the thematic area and representatives from the university sector, the institutes of technology sector and the enterprise sector.
Supports Technology Transfer Strengthening by funding dedicated staff within the Universities to ensure that best use is made of research outputs with commercial potential. 23 Supports High Potential Start up Companies
consolidation to improve institutional quality, development of regional clusters and strategic inter-institutional alliances technological university proposals.
The Higher education Authority is the statutory funding authority for the universities, institutes of technology and a number of other designated institutions and is the advisory body to the Minister for Education and Skills in relation to the higher education sector.
Current proposals are around developing regional clusters of universities and institutes of technology in the South, Midwest, West,
The rest of the membership comprised representatives from each of the relevant funding organisations active in the thematic area and representatives from the university sector, the institutes of technology sector and the enterprise sector.
Supports Technology Transfer Strengthening by funding dedicated staff within the Universities to ensure that best use is made of research outputs with commercial potential. 23 Supports High Potential Start up Companies
consolidation to improve institutional quality, development of regional clusters and strategic inter-institutional alliances technological university proposals.
Meetings with experts, universities, research centres, clusters, companies, chambers of commerce Public consultation Advice and review from several consultative bodies with participation of social, education, trade union
Two universities European Northern Observatory (IAC), Oceanic Platform (PLOCAN), research centers, new technology parks Fiscal regulation (lower taxation) Bottlenecks Low integration:
Chambers of commerce, universities CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA PYME CANARIA: METODOLOGÍA COTEC1. 400 CUESTIONARIOSCÁMARAS DE COMERCIORECOMENDACIONESSERVICIO 1:
and with universities and research centers Linked to universities and business clusters Preferential access to funding instruments trough the technology parks program Fuerteventura:
74 Universities...78 Digital Agenda for Europe...81 Key enabling technologies...86 Cultural and creative industries...
such as in universities or public research institutes. Collaborative projects with local firms can help to reveal information about the future value of certain specialisations.
In this case, links between local universities and strong public-private partnerships are the types of strategies that may be essential for smart specialisation to work.
'Groningen University. 15 existence of industries that are in tune with the relevant socioeconomic conditions
this helps to take into account innovation opportunities identified by leading actors (companies, universities, intermediaries, etc. Mixing regional experts with international experts helps to give more weight to the international competitiveness issue.
Potential actors relevant to the RIS3 process span from public authorities to universities and other knowledge-based institutions, investors and enterprises, civil society actors,
The most important types of organisation that need to be involved in the RIS3 process are public authorities, universities and other knowledge-based institutions, investors and enterprises, civil society actors,
and intellectual leadership (the people who play a leading role in connecting their universities to the worlds in and beyond their regions.
University of Tampere, Work Research center, Working Paper No. 85 (Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ project, INTERREG IVC Programme.
and its significance for universities, businesses and the regional economy, would do much to promote a skill set that is critically important to the moderation of the RIS3 process, particularly of the entrepreneurial process of discovery,
Getting firms, universities, development agencies and regional governments to accept that innovation is a collective social endeavour where participants freely acknowledge that working in concert can deliver far more than working in isolation is arguably the most important ingredient in the‘recipe'for purposeful entrepreneurial search.
The onus of responsibility for creating such iterative processes rests primarily with public sector bodies, especially universities, development agencies and regional governments.
universities, development agencies and regional governments could jointly identify a project to explore the prospects for related variety in the regional economy.
The formation of a Knowledge Leadership Group would give an institutional expression to the alliance between universities
For many key actors involved in the region, notably private firms and leading universities, the development of the region will not be their primary focus.
universities can be critical actors. How does regional funding fit into this multilevel system? As a first step the region should use technical assistance funding to build capacity to tap into the knowledge base of
Traditional SMES, high-tech companies, universities, transfer institutions, business intermediaries, local and regional authorities, national bodies, the media, etc. have a different understanding and expectations of an RIS.
reinforcing excellence in knowledge creation and developing new high-tech industries Knowledge and technology hubs Leading regions in science and technology Co-funding of universities:
niches, complementary to national science hubs Technology transfer instruments (university technology transfer offices, technology brokers at research centres) Talent attraction (from country and abroad), research grants for young graduates Cluster policies,
increased quality of production Increase of research activity in a region Research subsidies to enterprises or universities/research centres Increase in research expenditure in firms, increase in patents or publications Improved innovation performance,
Clusters, Innovation friendly business environments for SMES, Research infrastructures, centres of competence and science parks, Universities-enterprise cooperation, Digital agenda, Key enabling technologies, Cultural
Figure 7-The'trunk and branches'structure 31 Green growth Digital agenda Skills Clusters SME support Social Innovation Financial engineeringconnecting universities Key enabling
Science parks provide the advanced infrastructure on which research-intensive enterprises rely, besides the location factor, often in close proximity to a university.
and international cooperation. 70 http://ec. europa. eu/research/horizon2020/pdf/proposals/com (2011) 811 final. pdf 78 Universities Why should universities be part of smart specialisation?
Successful mobilisation of the resources of universities can have a strong positive effect on the achievement of comprehensive regional strategies.
Universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can provide public authorities and private sectors with strategic advice,
Universities are a critical'asset'of the region mainly in the less developed regions where private sector may be weak or relatively small, with low levels of research and development activity.
which universities can contribute to regional innovation systems. Universities can, for instance, stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit of their staff
and students, provide advice and services to SMES, and participate in schemes promoting the training and placement of high level graduates in innovative businesses.
Furthermore, Universities and Businesses should directly cooperate in curricula design and curricula delivery to ensure that graduates have the right skills and transversal competences.
By having businesses cooperating with the educational side of Universities, talent attraction and retention would be enhanced in the region.
Universities can also play an important role in the field of vocational training. Barriers and challenges Improving the contribution of universities to regional growth by implementing such mechanisms requires the interconnection of the partners in the innovation systems.'
'Disconnections'may occur between the partners and the barriers to overcome are of a different nature.
They can be internal to the university and involve the capacity to‘reach out'to the wider region (i e. supply side).
For instance, universities are focused usually on teaching and research (driven by academic outputs) and are part of national academic systems that are targeted not to respond to regional needs.
As a result, some universities are viewed as being'in'the region but not'of'the region where they are located. 71 The term'university'includes all higher education institutions,
in line with the Commission's Communication on the modernisation agenda for universities COM (2006) 208.79 These barriers can also be linked to the capacity
and willingness of the public and private sector actors in the region to'reach in'to the university to seek expertise
and knowledge that can contribute to regional growth and development (i e. demand side). Successful partnerships involve'boundary spanners'providing leadership within
Universities will appreciate the opportunities that their regions present for their activities as'living laboratories'opened to international linkages;
Universities and other knowledge institutions should be linked closely to the process of designing national/regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation.
For the next programming period, the investment's priorities proposed under the Cohesion Policy cover these aspects with an emphasis on connecting universities to regional growth and developing stronger partnerships within the knowledge triangle.
see the practical guide'Connecting universities to regional growth'that presents processes and delivery mechanisms for building capacity and incentives for universities and their regional partners to work together.
Based on examples it explores the following issues: establishing a regional higher education partnership to better understand the regional situation
with a possible technical assistance budget, ensuring mechanisms allowing universities and business in the region to cooperate in curricula design
assessing the connectivity of the universities to the regional public and private sectors to move towards a situation where universities are key players,
selecting, designing and evaluating interventions that strengthen the connectivity of universities in the region to the region, by moving from simple to complex projects.
In the future programming period 2014-2020, support under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) could be provided to Universities in the following areas:
Knowledge transfer and information actions for the provision of vocational training and skills acquisition actions, demonstration activities and information actions.
Co-operation among different actors in the Union, agriculture, food chain, forestry sector and among other actors (including Universities) that contribute to achieving the objectives and priorities of rural development policies (e g. pilot projects;
and for Operational groups under the European Innovation Partnership where universities could also take part. References The European commission promotes several support tools at European level.
EU Guide'Connecting universities to regional growth':'Available on the website of the Smart Specialisation Platform, 72 University Business Forum:
A platform to promote cooperation between HEI and businesses at European level, 73 Marie Curie Initial Training Networks Industrial doctorates:
including technology developers (universities, research and technology organisations), start-ups, SMES and manufacturers. Consequently, a KETFOCUSED innovation policy allows most industrial sectors
and entities of all sizes and forms, including corporations, midcaps, small and medium-sized enterprises, special-purpose companies, public-private partnerships and joint ventures, research institutes, universities
the modernisation of universities and research organisations as well as developing technology auditing, international partner search and information campaigns to stimulate
14 companies, 4 universities, 12 research institutes, 2 public athorities, 8 cathalist organizations, 2 associations and 1 entreprenurial association.
The academic and research composition in the agrofood field is represented well at regional level, by the existence of PHD schools in the fields of Horticulture, Agronomy and Zootechny at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary medicine, The Zootechnical Research center, The Research
In the academia and research area in the field of biotechnologies, the Northeast Region has Biologic Research Institute, Antibiotics Research Institute, Medicine and Farmacy University (UMF Gr.
which has a fiziofarmcology and clinic research platform related to the nononcological and oncological pains, a Biology Faculty inside the University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, a Regional Oncology Research Institute and a County Clinic
From the perspective of academia and research dimension, the region holds a Research and Technological Engineering Institute FIBRESIN, a Textile Research center, a Textile, Leather and Industrial Management Faculty with a PHD school.
which joints 14 companies, 4 universities and research institutes, as well as cathalist organizations. From the perspective of the academia and research composition, the region has a PHD school inside the Authomatics and Computer Faculty of the Gheorghe Asachi University, another one inside the Electronics, Telecommunications and Information technology Faculty, a Research
and Tecvhnology Transfer Center POLYTECH, a National Research and development Institute for Technical Fizics, a Research center for Fuzzy systems,
Inteligent Systems and Biomedical Engineering, research units in the field at the University for medicine and Pharmacy GR.
and thematics of the courses introduced in schools and universities); support for educators in familiarizing with new trends and technologies in priority sectors of activity.
To this purpose, it was exemplified the case of a professor at a faculty in the field who
So, if you don't enter in any other faculty, you can still orientate your carier toward the textile industry...
In the IT&C sector this center take the shape of a corporatist university an integrated training program,
or research institutes or universities) Global Value Chain analysis The panels working on candidate smart specialization fields followed a set of criteria in choosing the most promising R&i programs.
The consortium involved policy-makers, a variety of types of research institutes (including private ones), universities
-around 90 Romanian universities, both public and private; 4 World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014,2013, p. 26.5 World bank, Functional Review of the Research, Development & Innovation Sector in Romania, 2011
with universities leading the way, followed at a considerable distance by the Academy institutes and the INCDS. 6 This upsurge in publications has ensured
1) the intensity of entrepreneurial activity,(2) the ability/capacity to raise funds for projects,(3) the availability of appropriate research personnel and 1 The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest
public entities and knowledge institutions (universities and research institutes) working together to identify not only a region's most promising areas of specialization,
as they are the primary institutional partners for universities, other research and education institutes, and SMES. 15.
The West Region is considered to have a relatively highly skilled population, due in part to the prominence of its universities.
There are seven public universities in the West Region, out of which four are based in Timisoara, one in Arad, one in Petrosani, one in Resita,
and Politehnica University has a branch in Hunedoara. In addition, there are seven private universities, which are located in Timisoara, Lugoj, Deva and Arad.
Specialization areas of these higher education institutions vary but the region is particularly strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture, medical and veterinary sciences.
Among the population of 20-24 years of age (Figure 7) the West far outperforms most peers in university enrollment
although it is striking just how strong of a magnet Bucharest has become for the country's university population.
The West Region is recognized as having a strong set of universities and hosts a large student population, particularly in Timisoara.
As Table 3 shows, the West is represented particularly well in terms of the number of tertiary institutions and faculties that it hosts.
Tertiary education Infrastructure as of 2010 Tertiary institutions Faculties High skills students (level 5 A) Advanced research students (level 6) Total per m population Total
Institutions and Faculties from Institute of National Statistics; Student figures from Eurostat; High skill students defined as First stage of tertiary education, programmes that are based theoretically/research preparatory or giving access to professions with high skills requirements (level 5a;
. 6 Arad Caras-Severin Hunedoara Timis 33 Despite a relatively significant number of universities and good university enrollment rates, the region faces important shortcomings at all levels of training and skills
Uluslararasý Uretim Zincirlerinde Donusum ve Turkiye'nin Konumu Transformation in International Production Chains and Turkey's Position, Istanbul, TUSIAD-Koc University Economic Research
University of Colorado. 44 Box 1-High Value Added Manufacturing in the West Region Continental purchased the existing Siemens VDO business in 2007,
especially to the insertion of university graduates into the labor force, avoiding common problems of mismatch between educational supply and labor demand and overeducation.
This will require investments to improve the links between universities (as well as vocational training facilities) and employers.
This type of training should be offered through the university curricula (including a focus on presentation skills
and research institutions (universities and RDIS the West Region could establish technology transfer offices (TTOS),
either as part of universities or industryspecific. TTOS could help identify research projects with commercial potential and carry academic ideas to the market.
and to promote applied research in universities and RDIS. Second in order to alleviate the burden of acquiring intellectual property protection for inventions,
The center would act as a strong and permanent partnership between universities, R&d centers, and industry, working together to increase regional competitiveness.
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities. 60 IV. 3. 4. ICT 122.
agriculture, and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities Unexploited export opportunities with Serbia.
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities Establishment of an agro-food market center including a regional accredited laboratory for food safety
which are areas of strength of the local universities, while enjoying the benefits of a EU location.
Major local universities have started to invest in technology transfer, but such investments are still at early stages.
University graduates need to be trained better on how to apply theoretical knowledge. Firms often have difficulties finding graduates to meet their needs,
linkages between industry and universities must be improved. This can be attained through public-private partnerships on R&d collaborations
which have programs and partnerships with local universities. These efforts must be scaled up and should encompass local firms,
Access to a larger pool of specialized labor force complemented with better guided young university graduates would strengthen the region's comparative advantages.
Moreover, institutions such as technology transfer offices can support the smart specialization strategy by promoting private sector collaboration with universities and RDIS.
Major universities in the region have started to invest in technology transfer, but such investments and need to be exploited better
A recent example of an initiative to facilitate the transfer of knowledge to industry is the joint e-Austria institute formed with the participation of the Computer science departments of the West and Politehnica Universities and the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation at the Johannes Kepler
University in Linz. The institute has ongoing projects with private partners in Austria, Germany and Romania.
Another example of the recent efforts to foster collaboration between universities and the private sector are the agriculture extension services provided by the Banat University of Agriculture
The partnerships between universities, research institutes and private enterprises, especially the large ones, which have substantial growth potential based on the smart specialization of the region,
universities or vocational training centers) in order to identify and promote those projects that fit with the needs of the local economic actors. 180.
The specific objective of this investment priority is the rehabilitation, modernization, development and expansion of pre university, university education and continuous vocational training infrastructure. 182.
and EU financing 3..2. Investing in education, skills and long life learning by developing education and training infrastructure Rehabilitation, modernization, development and equipping of pre university, university
and equipping of pre university, university education and vocational training infrastructure List of preselected projects identified in the Regional Development Plan Service capacity of supported education infrastructure 86 Investment
In addition, the region is considered to have a relatively highly skilled population due in part to the prominence of its universities.
The local universities are especially strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture, as well as medical and veterinary sciences.
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities; and establishment/improvement of vocational school focused on agro food industry relevant training with appropriate technical facilities.
Efforts to support local firms should be complemented with improvements in the education system by adjusting university curriculum to the specific needs of the sector
and 57 Details about the pilot green energy project managed by the Polytechnic University Timisoara and ICER TM,
and e-Coaching. 8 At the same time new opportunities arise for the knowledge level of universities by the possibility to develop
and intensify university research programs by joining the efforts of researchers in different centers in Romania and intensification of cooperation at different projects internationally (e-working),
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 del Castillo Jaime, Paton Jonatan, Barroeta Belen (2015) Smart Specialisation for Economic Change:
*Full professor of Applied Economics, University of Basque Country (infyde@infyde. eu)**Phd Researcher, INFYDE (jonatanpaton@infyde. eu)**CEO, INFYDE (belenbarroeta@infyde. eu
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 31 do chosen the priorities in the RIS3 strategies represent the real territorial specialisation patterns?
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 32 appropriate measures to support them (Del Castillo et al. 2013a) as well as to monitor them (Del Castillo et al. 2015b.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 33 how to reach consensus and commitments about actions and instruments to support these initiatives among all agents involved and,
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 34 Second, the latter statement is even more obvious
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 35 3. 1. The Priority Setting in RIS3:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 36 Experience activities 99,4 98,0 119,5 114,2 115,0 94,8 81,2 94,7 93,5 96,9 108,0 96,8 101,4 117,5 85,1
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 37 Figure 1: Regions in Spain by type of technological priority included in the RIS3 2014-2020 Source:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 38 Figure 2: Number of regions in Spain by type of policy area included in the RIS3 2014-2020 Source:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 39 Source: INFYDE 2015 Finally, considering the number of instruments (financial, nonfinancial and legal frameworks) by region, some remarkable differences can be observed:
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 40 Source: INFYDE 2015 Main conclusions obtained from the analysis pointed out that Spanish RIS3 include a relative high number of indicators that may present difficulties in terms of gathering information during the monitoring process,
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 41 Even though entrepreneurial discoveries are in the core of the strategies (they are the way to achieve the mentioned specialised diversification) there was no real integration (or at least an operative one) of them.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 42 Del Castillo, J. Paton, J. & Barroeta, B. 2013a) Territorial Governance in a smart specialisation context In Territorial Cohesion in Europe Transdanubian
Economic geography Working Paper 2011, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen. OECD (2011) Regions and Innovation Policy OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation, OECD Publishing.
ISTEI University of Milan-Bicocca ISSN: 1593-0319 43 Technopolis (2006) Strategic Evaluation on Innovation and the knowledge based economy in relation to the Structural and Cohesion Funds, for the programming period 2007-2013.
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