Ehud Kokia is the Director General of Maccabi Healthcare Services and Professor at the School of Public health Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel aviv University.
David P. Chinitz is Associate professor of Health Policy and Management at the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public health in Jerusalem
http://ssrn. com/abstract=1583446 Technology and Innovation Management W o r k i n g P a p e r Hamburg University
HAMBURG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (TUHH) Page 1 of 31 Knowledge for Growth Industrial Research & Innovation (IRI) Barriers to Innovation in SMES:
By Rajnish Tiwari and Stephan Buse Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Research Project Global Innovation Institute of technology and Innovation Management Schwarzenbergstr. 95, D-21073 Hamburg
and/or universities and specialized research institutions (here jointly referred to as universities) at home or abroad;
and/or their willingness to cooperate, with universities abroad. Many survey participants expressed their desire to cooperate with universities on an international scale.
Over onethird of all such SMES however cited financial constraints as being a major hurdle for the cooperation.
Problems in International Cooperation with Universities The discussion above has brought to fore the chances and challenges that firms,
Germany's Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in its latest report on the country's technological performance expects a shortfall of 335,000 university graduates,
With 14 million young university graduates (with seven years or less of work experience) India's talent pool is estimated to be the largest worldwide, overlapping Chinese talent pool by 50%and that of the USA by 100
however need further ascertainment and are set to be examined by our further research under the aegis of Research Project Global Innovation (RPGI) at Institute of technology and Innovation Management at Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH).
Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung in ausgewählten Branchen, Hamburg University of Technology, online: http://www. tuhh. de/tim/ris-hamburg/befragung. html, last accessed:
Konzeption der empirischen Untersuchung in ausgewählten Branchen, Hamburg University of Technology, online: http://www. tuhh. de/tim/ris-hamburg/befragung. html, last accessed:
Innovationsmanagement in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, Working Paper No. 7, Hamburg University of Technology. Ylinenpää, H. 1998:
and Technology Park in Adlershof Evaluation and establishment of non-university scientific institutes First start-up companies Decision to move the Humboldt University's Natural science Institutes to Adlershof 1993 Adlershof
Staff 14,942 Students 8, 438 7 Adlershof in Figures Science and Technology Park 11 non-university scientific institutes (1, 760 employees) 6
Humboldt University institutes (1, 056 employees; 8, 034 students) 445 technology oriented companies (5, 286 employees) Media City 146 companies (1, 763 employees) Industrial Estate 363
Non-University Research Institutes Leibniz Association FBH Ferdinand Braun Institute for High frequency Technology IKZ Institute for Crystal Growth ISAS Institute for Analytical Science
Electron Storage ring BESSY II, Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics 11 Non-University Research Institutes General BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Dept
Reference Materials BTU Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus, workgroup Air Chemistry PTB National Institute of Natural and Engineering sciences Berlin Adlershof, Photon Radiometry Department
WISTAMANAGEMENT GMBH Humboldt University, Berlin Non-university research institutes Growth Cycle 31 Generation/Seed University Research Institutes Companies Incubation IGZ
3-ple helix structure Products and Services Small and mediumsized enterprises Education and Basic Research Natural science Institutes Research and development Non-university scientific institutes Park
Proximity (IT) WISTA-MANAGEMENT GMBH Generation/Seed Incubation Growth Expansion University IGZ/OWZ Technology Centres Productive Research Institutes Environment Companies Advisory
European Journal of Interdisciplinary studies 45best Practices in Universities'Regional Engagement. Towards Smart Specialisation Cristina SERBANICA Constantin Brâncoveanu University of Pitesti, Romania cpantelica@yahoo. co. uk Abstract The aim of this paper is to highlight universities'contribution to the success of innovation
systems in Europe's most innovative regions, as determined by the recently published European Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS).
and on triple helix partnerships and involve frequent interactions between universities, businesses, policy-makers and innovation intermediaries.
universities are expected to bring their contribution to regional smart specialisation and act as intermediary bodies for the implementation of several delivery instruments,
universities'regional engagement, EU Regional Innovation Scoreboard, best practices, smart specialisation JEL Classification: I23, O38 1. Introduction According to the EU Agenda for the modernization of Europe's higher education institutions, linking universities,
research and business for excellence and regional development is a key issue for Member States and higher education institutions.
as centres of knowledge, expertise and learning, universities are expected to drive economic development in the territories where they are located:
At the same time, universities should act as the centre of a knowledge network or cluster serving the local economy and society,
In practice, there are numberless environmental determinants that influence universities'ability to engage at the regional level.
such as in the Nordic countries, where universities'engagement with the business and the community has been recognised
Similarly, all the areas of national policy that may impact universities'role in their territories Labour market and employment policies, Science, technology and innovation policies, Competition policy and Regional and urban planning policies
and thus facilitate university industry interactions. Third, universities, business and governments should meet together within regional bodies and foster the dialogue with regional governance institutions,
such as regional agencies, regional development organizations, city and municipal development offices, planning commissions and local science councils (OECD 2007).
Up to now, universities'impacts on regional territories have been assessed from a number of perspectives and Benneworth (2010) identified three waves of research:
in the first wave, efforts were placed into calculating universities'economic impacts resulting mainly from direct purchasing of supplies by the university,
and student living expenditure in the region and universities'economic activity induced by additional expenditure in the regional supply chain.
Finally, the third wave focused on universities'involvement in various regional economic development processes and in their role in supporting regional innovation systems.
According to Cooke (2001), a region is considered to have a RIS in place when its knowledge generation subsystem-universities, research institutes, research associations, industry associations, training agencies, technology transfer organisations, specialist
Universities are assumed to accomplish a number of different functions in a regional innovation system and their contribution has been studied with respect to their roles as economic entities, commoditised knowledge producers, shapers of human capital and institutional actors in networks.
The first two functions focus on universities'direct economic contribution to their region's development and the latter two include noneconomic sociocultural factors (Boucher G. et al. 2003).
According to Todtling (2006), at the regional level, universities can serve as antennas for adopting external knowledge and mediator for local knowledge circulation, source of highly skilled labour, knowledge providers in university industry linkages
Therefore, regional innovation systems provide a means for universities to engage with their local environments on activities
whilst strengthening universities'own core activities (Benneworth, 2010). The present study can be placed within this wave of research,
as it is envisaged to emphasize universities'roles in regional innovation systems, while looking at some best practices put forward by Europe's most innovative regions.
European Journal of Interdisciplinary studies 47 2. Research Method This study is aimed at highlighting universities'contribution to the success of regional innovation systems in Europe's most innovative regions,
including universities: the percent of innovative enterprises collaborating with others for innovation measures the flow of knowledge between public research institutions and firms and between firms and other firms (i e.
while looking for universities'contribution to that success. As Norway is not a EU27 member and does not share the same framework conditions with the other countries in this group,
Much of the success in regional cooperation was due to the Danish University Act that has designated a third task for universities (OECD 2007),
Øresund Science Region, a research-based collaboration between Denmark and Sweden, centred on the cities of Copenhagen and Malmo and including 14 universities from both sides of the border, regional authorities and business.
the Øresund Science Region is now functional through nine triple helix platforms providing a coordinating link between the universities and the community, e g.
with a focus on cooperation between incubators and the region's universities (Regional Innovation Monitor: Sweden, 2012.
Finally, the Knowledge Navigator programme in Stockholm (2008 2011/2012) involves different universities and regional institutions to create a working model for knowledge transfer between academia and business,
The Universities of Applied sciences focus on applied research and technology transfer, mainly addressing regional companies, playing a straightforward role in driving innovation at the regional level.
Universities'cooperative activities are encouraged strongly by the federal supported programme COIN (Cooperation and Innovation), whose goal is to promote firms'interaction and cooperation with universities and research institutes,
but also with other innovative companies (Erawatch country profile: Austria 2012. Regarding the Ostosterreich (AT1) region in Austria,
such as Vienna Research Groups for Young Investigators addressing universities and research institutions that want to attract European Journal of Interdisciplinary studies 51 excellent young researchers to Vienna for founding their own
In this respect, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation is shaping the regional policy for universities,
and Universities of Applied sciences and to inform about new and existing forms of collaboration and activities in the field of knowledge exchange between universities of applied sciences and SME's (Erawatch country profile:
For example, in the Pid East (NL22-Gelderland), the‘peaks'are formed by innovative clusters around three universities,
and the focus here is on logistics, horticulture, life & health (around University of Maastricht), international law, peace and safety (The hague Academy for local governance),
There are also some very successful initiatives in The netherlands aimed at fostering the cooperation between regional actors including universities,
and regulations that designate a clear third task for universities, but also the high support for cluster-formation, networks and collaborative platforms through different funding programmes such as Regional Growth Forums in Denmark, Regional Growth Programmes in Sweden or the Dutch
with frequent interactions between universities, business and government. For all the countries and regions under review there are,
in Denmark, there is still some evidence that the knowledge diffusion from universities to enterprises isn't functioning optimally yet (Erawatch country profile:
University engagement and regional innovation. European Centre for Strategic Management of Universities. Available from: http://www. highereducationmanagement. eu/images/stories/modern%20conference%20regional%20innovation-executive%20report. pdf Boucher, G.,Conway, C. and Van der Meer, E. 2003:
Tiers of engagement by universities in their region's Development. Regional Studies 37 (9): 887 897.
Cooke, P. 2001: Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy. Industrial and Corporate Change 10: 945 974.
Connecting Universities to Regional Growth: A Practical Guide. A guide to help improve the contribution of universities to regional development,
with a view to strengthening economic, social and territorial cohesion, in a sustainable way, September 2011. http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/sources/docgener/presenta/universities2011/universities2011 en
Universities'involvement in regional smart specialisation strategy. Background Report. Second EU-DRIVERS Annual Conference, Brussels, 1 december 2011.
The role of universities and local context in supporting the creation of academic spin-offs. Research Policy 40 (8): 1113-1127.
The Role of Universities in Innovation Systems and Regional Economies. Expert meeting on The future of academic research, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, 19-20 october 2006.
Vol. 4 Issue 2 2012 54 Appendix 1 Europe's Top Regions for Innovation Linkages Acronym Country Region Position in RIS AT1 Austria
Manchester Institute of Innovation Research MBS, the University of Manchester. UK June 2013 2013 Brief on INNOVATION PERFORMANCE ANNUAL REPORT ON EUROPEAN SMES 2012/2013
Social Inclusion Problems as Research and Innovation Issues Santiago Alzugaray*Academic Unit, University Research Council, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay Leticia
Mederos*Academic Unit, University Research Council, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay Judith Sutz*Academic Unit, University Research Council, Universidad
because it is a specific way of expressing the university social commitment. Another, and by no means less important, answer is to foster the recognition of SIPS by the researchers'academic radars.
and the university integration into society will become stronger. The Intervening Actors We take Sábato and Botana's (1968) classic concepts
they are talking with people from the university, at the extension services and at the chair of occupational medicine,
The university's Center for Design could have tried to search for a solution if the problem would have been put forward,
According to the usual dynamic of those meetings, an invitation was extended to university researchers from all areas of knowledge and particularly to those with specific cognitive capacities
and the results were tested successfully at the university hospital (Hospital de Clínicas). The passage from prototype to production took a long time.
Finally, with support from international funds, the technology was transferred from the university to a national electronics company, under university patent.
The problem is that the tools available so far for surgery (the most effective alternative) in the university hospital provided a vague spatial position of the location of the epileptic focus.
the neurosurgeons from the university hospital. It is no coincidence that the demand was expressed clearly by physicians:
University Research Responds to the Advancement in the Conceptualization of the Problem The way to make operative the conceptualization described so far has been a specific Call for Projects,
The account is made from the Academic Unit of the University Research Council's perspective. This group is, at the same time,
profiting from the work done in these territories by a specific extension university program, the Metropolitan Integral Program.
and publicly exposed to university researchers, public policy officials, and the general population through an open gathering called the First Meeting of Research
One important difference between this call and the previous one is that the university research policy recognized itself as an actor in the process
consolidating the program as a University Research Council regular program. The new call presents similarities but also important differences with the previous two.
What is new in this call is made the effort from the university side to link these two actors, problem bearers or its representatives and potential research problems solvers
Again, the stimulus is addressed toward the university researchers, many of whom may want to formulate a project having as a starting point the suspicion of an SIP's existence but for
This modality goes a step further in pushing the university research policy toward a hands-on strategy to link research and societal needs.
which the university program Research and Innovation Oriented to Social Inclusion derives its normative vision:
However, we should not forget that the university by itself will never be able to assure the completeness of such travel.
IDS and SPRU, Sussex University. 796 Santiago Alzugaray, Leticia Mederos, and Judith Sutz Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell
Young Foundation (United Kíngdom), University of Heidelberg (Germany), Atlantis (Greece), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Portugal), Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+(Poland) Contact person:
This is a massive rise compared to the period before the crisis. Such practices include growing food, consumer cooperatives, exchange and social currency networks, free universities, hacklabs, etc.
publicprivate-civil & university research partnerships, many local volunteers, private operation-multiple locations in NL (90%of turnover);
and goods, regulated informally in community-Local civil funding through subscriptions & from university; civil initiation, support from local mayor,
Cell Slider was developed by a team of four Cancer Research UK researchers from the Universities of Cambridge, Leeds and Southampton in collaboration with the Citizen Science Alliance, a network of scientists,
Cell Slider was developed by a team of four Cancer Research UK researchers from the Universities of Cambridge, Leeds and Southampton in collaboration with the Citizen Science Alliance, a network of scientists,
and university not ready for work/higher/further education Mismatch of skills especially digital literacy Need for lifelong learning,
with leading universities like MIT or the Open university in the UK leading the wave of innovations in the way teaching is delivered
The academic side is led by the University of Melbourne, involving over 250 international researchers, specialists, developers and practitioners.
and highly regarded universities in the world delivering free online courses including universities such as Stanford, Yale, Princeton, London and Edinburgh University.
Traditionally the need for higher education in society has been handled by higher education institutions such as universities offering courses in specific geographical locations with access only to a limited number of admitted students.
Coursera is an online platform matching society's needs for education with the learning capabilities of the universities
offering over 600 different courses and partnering with 108 universities. As of December 2013 Coursera had received over $85 million in venture capital (Crunchbase, 2014.
It has been crucial for MOOC's success that it has been able to make strategic collaborations with some of the most renowned universities around the world.
Furthermore, the marketing value of some of the biggest universities worldwide partnering with Coursera should not be underestimated.
local challenges that meet the network effect, joint workshop between the TEPSIE project and MESHLABS, University of California, Berkeley, 18-19 april 2012: 133 http://www. tepsie
Estimating the Impact of Airbnb on the Hotel Industry, Boston University School of management, Research Paper Series No. 2013-16.
Catalonia faces the challenge of modernising its universities in order to respond to the demands of the knowledge society.
the universities should adapt to the needs of production sectors and their spheres of influence.
Moreover, it is important to continue increasing the critical mass achieved by research centres by encouraging cooperation between companies, the public authorities and the universities.
Catalonia 2020 Strategy 19 R&d at universities and research centres, particularly in the facilitating technologies (industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, advanced materials, photonics, microelectronics,
The Government supports universities, research centres, technology centres and science and technology parks in order to foster the establishment of companies with high technological content and highly qualified jobs.
and teachers both in the classroom and outside. 6. 1. 7. Introducing a new university model based on excellence
and internationalisation The strategy aimed at adapting the university model to a model of excellence and a high degree of internationalisation focuses on six areas:
restructuring university provisions; a new model for academic personnel; promoting common or joint services; new policy for fees and grants;
a new model for the governance of universities; and strengthening the position of universities as driving forces for growth.
This new model also includes employing teaching and research staff of excellence and establishing prestigious MA programmes with high international profiles. 6. 1. 8. Increasing integration into labour market of people from groups at risk of social exclusion Unemployment
requirements 1. 5. Raising rates of school success 1. 6. Promoting full comprehension of English as a third language 1. 7. Introducing a new university model based on excellence
and university groups engaged in technology transfer, whilst also providing incentives for research centres with clear industrial potential to transfer know-how to the production system. 6. 4. 2. Increasing research into new technologies with applications in the productive economy It is not easy
in order to obtain certain university qualifications. 6. 5. 2. Promoting business initiative, cooperatives and self-employed work In order to drive the creation of new businesses,
In order to encourage the flow of know-how generated at universities and research centres towards the production sector,
as well as promoting the transversality of ecological design at universities and research centres and know-how transfer
Excellence in research was enhanced by recent large-scale investments co-funded by European union Structural Funds that enabled the improvement of R&d infrastructure in universities.
and university laboratories are turned rarely into business success. The market for technology is still functioning poorly in Hungary,
The outstanding (within Hungary) regional innovation achievements including research universities'scientific results; the emergence of a layer of technology-based, born global entrepreneurs;
there is also a high concentration of university-based research. The headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology is located also in CH.
in line with the sharp reduction in the number of publicly funded universities and the number of students.
Universities in Budapest have developed knowledge clusters, and intensified cooperation with the business sphere. Improved results in these respects were achieved due to unprecedented investment activity in research and technology infrastructure,
Excellence in research was enhanced by recent large-scale investments co-funded by European union Structural Funds that improved R&d infrastructure at universities.
and university laboratories rarely turn into business success stories. The market for innovation is functioning still poorly in Hungary,
MNES with Hungarian subsidiaries have established already linkages with the major universities and centres of excellence, but better communication and linkage building may multiply international awareness of CH's innovation potential and of its tangible and intangible RTD assets. 2. Innovation policy governance 2. 1
it has established linkages with practically all actors of the regional innovation system including universities, PROS, private research performers, innovation intermediary institutions,
and technology centres/co-operation research centres (targeting industry-university/PRO co-operation and technology transfer).
The annually announced Baross Gábor Programmes (a regionally decentralised programme) supported innovative firms'and industry university/PRO consortia's research projects,
The Social Renewal Programme (and also the Social Infrastructure Programme that supported investments into HEIS'educational infrastructure) granted funding to universities and some other 20 The plans are the framework documents for allocating the financial
2) launching of university-based research projects; 3) development of competence centres, 4) establishment of organisations specialised in the transfer and commercialisation of universities'scientific results;
5) large-scale investments into universities'R&d-and educational infrastructure etc. HEI-specific R&d projects of the Social Renewal Programme were continued by New Széchenyi Plan's SIP.
Technology-oriented entrepreneurship The main regionally decentralised instrument designed to promote the establishment and growth of technology-based enterprises was the Innocheck programme,
A national programme with regional implications that focused on the support of technology-oriented entrepreneurship was the Regional University Knowledge Centre (RUKC) Programme. 21 RUKC was integrated an university-based programme
University-based research projects involving industry-university co-operation, technology transfer and the establishment of spin-off companies were targeted for funding by the programme.
The programme provided support to altogether 19 universities, seven of which were based CH. Support for technology-oriented entrepreneurship gained a new impetus with the Structural Funds cofunded programmes,
which were aimed at stimulating universities'technology transfer activities (Social Renewal Programme of the New Hungary Development Plan) supporting the establishment of business incubators and supporting the development of the incubators'services portfolios
and university grant recipients and to intermediary organisations responsible for innovation policy implementation. 3. 3 Good practice case As expected for a region where the majority of national innovation activity is concentrated CH abounds in innovation success stories.
Projects of CHOP that supported the establishment and the development of industry-university R&d centres, innovation and technology parks,
development of science and technology parks, clusters'infrastructure, investments into universities'and PROS'research lab equipment etc.
In this respect it can be considered exemplary that ICT development envisaged not only knowledge generation and industry-university co-operation,
health and environmental technologies-related university-based competence centres have promoted effectively competitiveness, poles-based, smart specialisation.
Knowledge clusters have accumulated a dense network of industry-university linkages. One of the success stories is the establishment and evolution of the Mobility and Multimedia Cluster
Industry-university co-operation has intensified and innovation performers participate in international research undertakings (and networks of excellence) increasingly frequently.
including the scientific results of research universities; the emergence of a layer of technology-based, born global entrepreneurs;
Repository Support measures Pázmány Péter Programme Regional University Knowledge Centers Innocheck plus Central Hungary (ten rounds) Baross Gábor Programme Central Hungary
Region 2009 Development of R&d Infrastructure (REG KM INFRA 09) Baross Gábor Program Central Hungary Region 2009 R&d projects (REG KM KFI 09) Elite Research University scheme
There are numerous university-based research centres as the region (Budapest) is also the centre of Hungarian tertiary education with around half of Hungarian students attending universities in the region.
Infopark, Central and Eastern europe's first technology and innovation park is sandwiched between two universities: Eötvös Lorán University and University of Technology and Economics.
It is home mainly to ICT firms and to the European Institute of Innovation & Technology.
In five universities and in numerous research institutes projects deal with a plethora of topics in many cases in cooperation with private companies.
In Baross Gábor, regional R&d infrastructure and R&d projects were funded in universities, research institutes, foundations and collaborating private enterprises.
Support measure MAGYARORSZAG KOZEP-MAGYARORSZAG Region Kozep-Magyarorszag NUTS Code HU10 Support Measure Title of measure Pázmány Péter Programme Regional University
2009 Policy objectives 2. 1. 1. Universities Presentation of the measure The programme supports the establishment of regional university knowledge centres
Evaluation report links Information technology Innovation and Knowledge Center e-Science Regional University Knowledge Center Elektronikus Járm és Jármirányítási Tudásközpont Evidence of outcomes
and research institutes and/or universities. Because of fostering cooperation it had additional positive impact. The only problem is with transparency.
Besides universities and academic institutions applying for financial support to upgrade their laboratories also two companies were awarded grants:
mainly proposed by universities (there were only 2 projects submitted by companies. Overall the lack of interest from private companies seems to be a weakness of the project.
HU10 Support Measure Title of measure Elite Research University scheme Full title Elit Kutatóegyetemi cím odaítélése Duration From:
2010 Policy objectives 2. 1. 1. Universities Presentation of the measure Universities could apply in Hungary for being awarded the title of"elite research university
Those universities are eligible which carry out a substantial basic and applied research, their R&d&i activity is significant both in Hungarian
The main objective of the measure was to contribute (indirectly) to universities'strategy preparation and to promote their research orientation.
The promised additional funding and the prestige of the title prompted the applying universities to elaborate a coherent mid-term research strategy.
Keywords Universities Budget, source and type of funding Currency: HUF Source of funding 2010 National public funds 27,000, 000,000 Regional public funds EU Structural funds Private funds Other Form of funding
versus available budget) but it is too early to judge results or impact Evidence of outcomes based on evaluation and other evidence Many universities applied,
It tries to increase the attractiveness of the region for knowledge-based and high-tech enterprises, by supporting investment into university-based R&d infrastructure.
universities, research organisations and investors in Hungary and in Central europe, to become a prominent player in the Hungarian innovation market.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011