lump-sum grants (typically below EUR 10.000) that support SMES to contract universities, R&d service providers or private consultants to either conduct small innovation projects or to explore the feasibility of larger ones.
The LOTUS consortium consists of three research institutes (FOI, TNO, AIT), two industrial groups (SAAB, Bruker), three SMES (Portendo, Ramem, Bruhn Newtech), the University of Barcelona,
The SGL for USAR consortium led by the National Technical University of Athens has developed a portable locator for urban search
National Technical University of Athens, Greece Country participants: Greece, Italy, Germany, United kingdom, Finland, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Austria, France For more information:
*Franz To dtling b a Austrian Research centers Seibersdorf, Systems Research Technology Economy Environment, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria b Department of City and Regional Development, University
, universities) is reduced not by the support instruments. Furthermore, they perform insufficiently the function of interfaces to innovation-related resources and information from outside the region.
, universities and other research organizations, vocational training institutions, technology centres and transfer agencies) and the structure of the regional economy (dominant industries, availability of service firms and adequate suppliers, organizations providing innovation finance).
The regional university, located in Linz, is compared relatively small to the major university locations in Austria, Vienna and Graz,
and it is specialized not in technology. There are also no major contract research organizations as in other parts of Austria.
SMES are rarely interacting with universities, contract research organizations, technology centres, and training institutions (see also Cooke et al.,
53.1 Suppliers 60.7 40.7 79.7 39.1 Other firms (horizontal relations) 27.1 10.0 37.5 15.6 Service firms 34.3 15.0 46.9 20.3 Universities
Only universities are more important on the national level, because the most important universities are located outside Upper Austria.
A too dominant focus on the region limits the scope of available technical information technologies, and accessible markets.
The SWP was founded in 1987, initiated by a department of the University of Linz (Research Institute for Symbolic Computation.
Today the centre comprises three types of institutions university departments, a technical college, and firms.
Research is done primarily by the three departments of the University of Linz which are located partly in Hagenberg,
In the field of process automation (especially robotics) the Institute for Flexible Automatization of the Technical University of Vienna has a contract research subsidiary in the FAZAT
The support instruments have not been successful in helping firms to establish relations with universities and other research organizations, especially interactive relations in joint innovation projects.
university industry interactions in four fields. Research Policy 27,835 851. Obero sterreichische Technologie-und Marketinggesellschaft (TMG), 1998.
Alexander Kaufmann obtained his Mag. and Dr. degrees from the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.
Since 1996 he was scientific collaborator of the Department of City and Regional Development at the same university.
Franz To dtling is Professor at the Department of City and Regional Development, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.
Saxion Hogeschool Ijselland University of Professional Education, Netherlands: Kjell-Erik Bugge, Henk Blokland, Hans Hasselt, Goos Lier.
University of Siegen, Germany: Friederike Welter, Susanne Kolb, Daniel Heinemann, Kai Althoff, Kerstin Ettl. P05:
by pointing out that strong research at universities does not necessarily imply positive spillover effects to industrial R&d,
which emphasizes governmentindustry-university relations, as being related to the RIS concept. 7 deeper insights into some of the elements
and intensity of science in the universities in a region such as the number of people engaged in science and research,
the overall quality of human capital and the numbers of star scientists employed in regional institutions and universities.
, Antonelli 2003), well-established universities (e g.,, Lawton-Smith 2003,2005), global technology leadership in some regions (e g.,
In this regard, universities, science parks and the like may influence the level of RTD because they contribute to the stock of regional knowledge
Such an infrastructure includes universities, public and private R&d institutions, a sufficient supply of highly qualified labour and a generally good infrastructure of business support institutions.
universities or research institutions triggered regional development with a particular role for R&d. Examples include Silicon valley, Route 128 or Cambridge in the UK.
In industry-led networks RTD-intensive large firms are the innovative hub, with close links to university research.
, well-established universities), the presence of world leaders in specialised niches, sector-specific localisation economies and general effects of agglomeration, public support for training and technical initiatives,
The author shows how high-technology firms in the electronics sector used the regional strengths of North East England and drew on universities in building up their companies,
Instruments include, for example, the establishment of science parks, subsidies to foster R&d personnel in smaller firms and the exchange of scientific personnel 19 between universities and firms, programmes for scientific cooperation and measures
On the other hand, Karlsson and Andersson (2005), in their study on Sweden, indicate that the spatial pattern of industrial R&d is sensitive to the location of university R&d,
In summarising a number of studies on university technology transfer efforts, Phan and Siegel (2006) consider the following lessons to be taken from these studies:
The authors moreover point to the fact that universities need to think strategically about this process,
as their review demonstrates that university administrators appear to be concerned more often with protecting intellectual property rights
which would involve being near to universities and scientific research institutions. More recently, in connection with the recent trend on creativity and its relation to regional RTD, one study started arguing for regional RTD policies to be oriented more towards the different types of knowledge in innovative industries (Hogni Kalso
namely an increase in R&d activities within universities, are not sufficient to create the conditions necessary for new agglomerations to emerge.
Examples include universities which produce specialised knowledge and trained personnel, industry associations offering specialised services or financing institutions such as venture capital fonds and business angels.
Technology/spin-off clusters often are promoted through government policies or university initiatives. In a way, they resemble the hub
-and-spoke model with the university or government agency being the catalyst for locational processes, although other authors have voiced some concern about the possibilities of external agencies in fostering such agglomerations (O'Gorman and Kautonen 2004, Phan and Siegel 2006.
Each cluster might take a variety of generic structural forms, based on either power asymmetries, commercial relationships or interactions with noncommercial actors such as municipalities or universities;
which has been included because of the university environment, and Boston/Route 128, which has been chosen for its demonstrated potential to overcome a crisis. Montpellier in South France stands for The french technopole concept,
or the‘Bangalore University'with 250,000 students as well as a number of public research institutes covering various areas such as IT, artificial intelligence, production technologies, aircraft-/aerospace (Fromhold-Eisebith and Eisebith 1999).
Many local universities and research centres foster knowledge spillovers into industry and close research-industry cooperation.
This is supported by the‘academic flair'of Bangalore as a university city. Bangalore's software cluster owes‘its origins
In the first place, its resources in terms of the excellent educational 40 infrastructure with first-class universities (e g.,, Harvard, MIT) are the basis for the highly skilled workforce available in the area.
the ability of the local university to attract research funds is compared extraordinary to other universities.
The University of Bremen is the largest amongst them educating 22,000 students. Furthermore, there are renowned nonuniversity based research institutes like a Max-Planck-Institute or a Fraunhofer Institute.
The technology park‘University of Bremen, 'founded at the end of the 1980s, contains the university, the technology and incubation centre‘BITZ'as well as numerous companies.
A main issue in Bremen contributing to the emergence of an innovative milieu are policies
This is because Montpellier has been a university city since the 13th century with 3 universities and several technical and graduate colleges.
, universities, research institutes), existing economic starting-points and future prospects. The pôles are:‘‘Euromédicine'for medicine, pharmacy and biotechnology,‘Agropolis'for tropical and Mediterranean agronomy,‘Antenna'to support the development of telecommunications and audiovisual techniques and‘Informatique'for microelectronics, data processing, etc.
although, Aalborg University is home to 12,500 students and employs more than 1, 700 people (Stoerring and Christensen 2004;
the Aalborg University and the university based‘NOVI'science park that is concentrated on the ICT sector.
Biomedico was initiated by the of 49 ficial institutions‘Aalborg Commercial Council'and‘The Industrial Liaisons Office'at Aalborg University,
and fostering the cluster representatives of university, policy, and industry (Stoerring and Christensen 2004). It was formalised in 2003 by the initiators
Aalborg University is of great advantage for North Jutland. Established in 1974, today it has 13,000 students and 1, 700 employees (Pedersen and Dalum 2004).
The university delivering engineers and basic research is seen as a core asset of the region (Stoerring and Dalum 2006).
The strong university research capacity is combined with a long tradition and specific character of the cooperation between university and industry.‘
that the region build on its core assets, namely ICT (Norcom) and the emerging life sciences at university for Biomedico.
Stoerring and Dalum 2006), all of which for example is reflected in the strong university-industry cooperations to be seen in the region and in the cluster initiatives.
The only exceptions to this are the Nordic pharmaceutical firms and some others with large R&d investments and good collaboration with universities (OECD 2001.
6 research parks, 11 university hospitals, 14 cooperating universities(‘Oresund University')are populated by 140,000 students, 10,000 scientists and 6,
500 Phds providing active cooperation with 800 other universities worldwide. Strong basic academic research and a long tradition for clinical research as well as a good cooperation climate between research and economy help fostering knowledge spillovers (Boston Consulting Group 2002.
The latter, a joint non-profit-making organisation for the biomedical firms in the Oresund 52 area, acts as an intermediate between universities, enterprises,
because it has undergone a‘dramatic transformation in its economy in the last 40 years'from‘being a rural county with a historic university
Oxfordshire is home to four universities: Amongst them, the most famous is Oxford university, dating back to 54 the 13th century
The only 10 years old Oxford Brookes University is home to 18,000 students. All guarantee a constant flow of high qualified people (Oxfordshire County Council 2005,2006.
Moreover, it illustrates the role universities could play in fostering regional RTD. 55 4. 2. 8. Prato:
universities Existence of education and vocational training institutions Special R&d support and education, instruments for research transfer Existence of technical culture Common values such as trust and reciprocity
including research institutions and universities on macro level, educational and vocational training institutions on meso level and specific R&d support and education programmes as well as measures fostering research transfer on the micro level.
Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg Amin A. and N. Thrift (1994: Living in the Global.
University Press. Asheim, B. 1995: Industrial districts as‘learning regions':'A condition for prosperity? STEP Report, R-03.
A Literature Review, Policy Survey and Research Agenda, Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames Dalum, B.,Holmén, M.,Jacobsson, S
Technical University Freiberg. Fromhold-Eisebith, M. 1995: Das'kreative Milieu'als Motor regionalwirtschaftlicher Entwicklung. Forschungstrends und Erfassungsmöglichkeiten.
Industry R&d and University R&d How are related they? Paper to the ERSA Conference 2005. econpapers. repec. org.
ESRC Centre for Business Research working paper 54, University of Cambridge. Lawton Smith, H. 2003:
SMEPOL report no. 4. MERIT, Maastricht University, Maastricht. Neergaard H. 1998: Networks as Vehicles of Internationalization:
The Effectiveness of University Technology Transfer: Lessons learned from Quantitative and Qualitative Research in the U s. and the U k. Rensselaer Working papers in Economics,#0609.
The role of universities in cluster emergence process. Comparative case study of the Cambridge cluster and an emerging Biomedico cluster in North Jutland.
The Role of Logistics'Information and Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive. 56 Introna, L. D.,(1991.
in order to test the relationship between ICT-enabled innovation and the share of employees with an university degree.
The result leads to the conclusion that changes in share of employees with a higher university degree positively affect the likelihood of conducting ICT-enabled innovations According to the survey,
about 14%of the workforce in the TLS industry has a college or university degree.
Exhibit 3. 2-2 Average percentage of employees with a college/university degree (by firm size) 19 911 9 14 0 5 10 15 20
Willi A. Petersen, Meter Revill, Tonyward and Carsten Wehmeyer (Flensburg University, Germany and York University, UK).
and skill-formation for the optimal use of the ICT technical equipment. 14%of the TLS workforce with university or college degree (Exhibit 3. 2-3) represents a higher value of high
%Exhibit 3. 2-3 Employees with university degree (by sectors) 18 11 1114 26 0 10 20 30 40 50 Retail Chemical TLS
coordinated by University Bordeaux 1 with 47 partners and more than 300 researchers. 81 ATHENA Advanced Technologies for Interoperability of Heterogeneous Enterprise Networks and their Applications-Is integrated an Project sponsored by the European commission in support
is expected by the public. 103 102 Allen et al, University of Westminster, January 2003, Modelling policy measures and company initiatives for sustainable urban distribution Final Technical Report 103
or university degree the use of e-collaboration tools (such as SCM or other applications to share information about inventory levels with business partners) to share data with business partners The analysis is conducted at the micro-level,
Firms characterised by a higher share of employees with a university degree are more likely to conduct ICT-enabled innovations, in comparison with their peergroup in the same sector.
The main explanatory variable is the share of employees with a higher university degree. To additionally account for the effect of internal capacity on innovation,
To analyse the relationship between ICT-enabled innovation and the share of employees with a university degree,
Changes in share of employees with a higher university degree positively affect the likelihood of conducting ICT-enabled innovations.
Effect of employee skills on ICT-enabled innovation activity Independent variable a Coefficient Standard Error%of employees with higher university degree (G11) 0. 005**0. 002 IT practitioners
In addition, the regression includes dummy variables controlling for the percentage of employees with a higher university degree, firm size, age and country of origin.
B3) 0. 362***0. 060 IT practitioners (E1) 0. 571***0. 195%of employees with higher university degree (G11) 0. 003 0. 004
Allen et al, University of Westminster, January 2003, Modelling policy measures and company initiatives for sustainable urban distribution Final Technical Report.
Willi A. Petersen, Meter Revill, Tony Ward and Carsten Wehmeyer (Flensburg University, Germany and York University, UK), Manuscript ca. 140 pp.
The Impact of I t. on the Degree of Outsourcing, the Number of Suppliers and the Duration of Contracts, Working Paper 95-12, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
A Computer programme for Stochastic Frontier Production and Cost Function Estimation, Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New england, Armidale, Australia.
The Role of Logistics'Information and Communication Technologies in Promoting Competitive Advantages of the Firm, University of Beira Interior, Munich Personal Repec Archive.
Unpublished Diploma Thesis. Humboldt-University, Berlin. Nordhaus, W. D. The Recent Recession, The Current Recovery,
Wharton School Working Paper 97-07, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Reding, V. Speech 06. The role of ICT in innovation and growth, Forum de la Nouvelle Economie, Madrid, May 2006.
Our stakeholders include public authorities, universities, research centres, industry, civil society and other organisations. Only with their engagement and mobilisation we can satisfy societal needs using ICT solutions.
The key elements to reach such a digital success include access to top universities and research & development centers, together with funding opportunities.
ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector William R. Black*and Marina van Geenhuizen***Department of Geography Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA e-mail:
black@indiana. edu**Faculty Technology, Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft The netherlands e-mail:
Bloomington, Indiana University Press. Boyle, L. N, . and Mannering, F. 2004). Impact of traveler advisory systems on driving speed:
universities, research centres and other accredited ICT knowledge and service providers. The voucher provides the company with easy access to specialist services,
and Nicola Zannone1 1 Eindhoven University of Technology {s. vavilis n. zannone}@ tue. nl 2 Philips Research Eindhoven milan. petkovic@philips. com
THECS is a Dutch national project in the COMMIT program with 11 partners including representatives from industry, Dutch research institutes, Dutch universities and hospitals.
Phd thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (2008) 29. Hart, M.,Johnson, R.,Stent, A.:
bala@mgmt. iisc. ernet. in, 2 Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, 3 Indian Institute of Science. This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on Entrepreneurship
L25, L26 The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United nations University (UNU) as its first research
Finland Typescript prepared by Lisa Winkler at UNU-WIDER The views expressed in this publication are those of the author (s). Publication does not imply endorsement by the Institute or the United nations University, nor by the programme/project sponsors, of any of the views expressed. aggregate ONE-WAY ANOVA,
In a subsequent study, Cosh and Hughes for the University of Cambridge (1996) covered the same 2028 SMES for the period 1986 95,
Catholic University, Nijmegen Business school. Coad, A, . and R. Rao (2008).‘‘Innovation and Firm Growth in High-tech Sectors:
University of Cambridge, ESRC Centre for Business Research. Danneels, E, . and E. J. Kleinschmidt (2001).‘
an academic research institute affiliated with Mcmaster University, investigated physicians'willingness to pay as a component of a larger provincial programme for the computerisation of medical practices (known as COMPETE, the Computerisation of Medical practices for the Enhancement of Therapeutic Effectiveness Study).
Determinants of success The significant role of Divisions of General Practice and of the University of Western australia The Great Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN
The University of Western australia's Centre for Software Practice (UWA Centre) provided dedicated technical support under a not-for-profit partnership agreement.
Background and benefits The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) was established in 2007 as a not-for-profit association between the Great Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN) and the University of Western australia (UWA) Centre for Software Practice.
The University was not new to this type of partnerships as it had managed for over three decades population health data in Western australia on behalf of the Department of health.
Our mining advantage is not just about resources in the ground Groundprobe is a Queensland company with its origins in university research.
while Australia has a world-class university sector, relatively little of our considerable research output translates into patents
which it turns its innovation inputs into outputs (Cornell University et al, 2014). Reducing regulation although Australia has abundant mineral resources and many willing overseas buyers, delays in approval processes (Productivity Commission,
Australia's university system is regarded highly, but its flexibility to respond to student and industry needs,
which contributes to seven of Australia's universities being rated in the world's top 100 universities in the latest QS ranking (2014),
and 14 of our universities in the top 100 under 50-years old, in the latest Times Higher education results (2014).
However, the Review of the Demand Driven Funding System (2014) suggested universities need greater control over their capacity to raise resources
The continuation of the Higher education Loan Programme means no student will have to pay up front for their university study.
Capitalising on international education opportunities Monash University has over 64,000 students 21,000 of them international with offshore campuses in Malaysia and South africa,
000 for small and medium enterprises to engage university or science agency (e g. CSIRO) researchers on specific projects;
According to the Global Innovation Index, we are 81st out of 143 countries on how effectively we get returns from research, ideas and institutions (Cornell University et al, 2014.
and commercialisation of Australia's high quality science and research output, including through improving connections between government, research organisations, universities and businesses.
TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 98 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO.
Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO. Criscuolo, C.,Gal, P. N, . & Menon, C. 2014). The Dynamics of Employment Growth:
University of Technology Sydney. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 100 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Hamshere, P.,Sheng, Y.,Moir, B.,Syed, F,
University of Melbourne, Department of economics, Research Paper Number 1023. University of Melbourne. Mayor of Chicago. 2012, February 28.
Mayor Emanuel Announces New Partnership with Five Technology Companies to Create New Early College Schools.
) Review of Reporting Requirements for Universities. Richmond: Phillipskpa. Pollenzier, From Little Things, Deloitte. 2012). ) Silicon Beach:
The research initiatives at companies, universities, colleges, health enterprises and institutes ensure that today's
Universities colleges, health enterprises and institutes participate in international research collaboration and are important entryways for knowledge
Uwe Derksen together with Catalina Negoita and Monica Vladoiu (University Petroleum-Gas of Ploiesti) for components 9. 2, 9. 3;
Samara Elpida (University of Western Macedonia) for components 2. 1, 2. 2, 3. 1, 3. 2, 9. 1 and 10.3;
Simona Eftimie (University Petroleum-Gas of Ploiesti) for component 4. 1; Mag. Johannes Gastrager and Dr. Josef Scheff (Scheff Gmbh) for components 10.1 and 11;
Gabriela Moise (University Petroleum-Gas of Ploiesti) for component 4. 2; Catalina Negoita and Monica Vladoiu (University Petroleum-Gas of Ploiesti) for component 10.4;
Catalin Popescu and Ionut Lambrescu (University Petroleum-Gas of Ploiesti) for component 4. 7; Markus Wolf (e-Novate Consultancy Ltd) for components 5. 1 5. 3 and 8. 1 8. 2;
Dr. Gerd Zimmer (Institut für Projektbegleitung und Kompetenzentwicklung pro-kompetenz e. V.)for components 4. 3 4. 5 and 12.2.
johannes. gastrager@scheff. at Thessaloniki Technology Park Management & Development Corporation S. A. Nikos Katsiadakis nicolas@thestep. gr www. thestep. gr University
Caron Brenner caron@enovateknowledgespan. org www. enovateknowledgespan. org Petroleum-Gas University Ploiesti Prof. Vlad Ulmanu vulmanu@upg-ploiesti. ro www. upg-ploiesti. ro The Technological Transfer, Innovation and Business Center Prahova Mihaela Militaru mihaelam@upg
investing in the UK's world-class science base stimulating stronger university-based links so that our science and engineering excellence is turned into successful and innovative products and services;
innovation and knowledge via talented graduates from Universities to business, involving businesses and academics or researchers that work together on commercially and strategically important development projects that are vital to a company's future
or programmes are delivered through universities or private institutions in the UK. A list of UK University websites can be accessed via the Higher education Funding Council for England http://www. hefce. ac. uk/.In South East England for example the Cranfield School of management offers individual
courses related to innovation and also post graduate programmes"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-1. Introduction: Innovations in the working place page 8 of 271 (see www. som. cranfield. ac. uk/som/mscilp/faq. asp)
which supports businesses in accessing University expertise through academic staff and graduates with the aim to facilitate innovation.
, David, Getting the Best from Innovation Management Techniques, Centre for Small and Medium Enterprises, Warwick Business school, University of Warwick, United kingdom, 1997 Brown, David, Innovation Management Tools:
Emeritus Dimitrios Psoinos, Post Graduate studies Program in"Management of Production Systems",Faculty of Industrial Management, Department of Mechanical engineering, Engineering school, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Notes from Lectures
and process improvement opportunities. 3. 2. 6. Example of process analysis application In the example below we will present the method of process analysis in the facilitation of the process of a student's workshop that takes place in a university.
university in England B3 Project meetings in English B Vlad C1 Evening classes with 2 hours off to prepare for the evening classes C2 Contribution by the company for summer university
and interest. http://km. gwu. edu/km/index. cfm This web site represents the attempt of George washington University to share their knowledge in the KM area.
The University offers a Master's and Doctoral program, as well as a KM Graduate Certificate program. http://www. knowledgemedia. org/www. knowledgemedia. org is the scientific platform for research in the field of Knowledge Communication,
Inc (http://www. decisionanalyst. com/)Links This site has been developed as a resource for the Good Design Practice program, a joint initiative between the Institute for Manufacturing and the Engineering Design Centre at the University of Cambridge,
Recycling wool means that this methane production is avoided. 6. 4. 6. Resources Bibliography Design for Disassembly, Tracy Dowie-Bhamra, University of Manchester Environmental Management Tools for SMES
University and Research as a highly qualified laboratory in the fields of information and electronic technologies, Eidon supports other companies providing innovation by R&d outsourcing.
consultation of specialised press, participation in conferences and workshops at national and international level, co-operation with Universities and other research centres, visits and market analysis, use of patent
and are carried usually out either internally or in co-operation with Universities and other research centres and partners.
customers, end users, distributors, agents, university specialists, trade journalists, research and technology organizations etc. Organizational buyer Organizational buying is concerned with the purchasing by so-called formal organizations.
How IBM, GE, Harvard Business school and Columbia University are Succeeding at E-learning. Mcgraw-hill, 2002. Schunk, D. H.,Zimmerman B. J.,Self-regulated learning from teaching to self-reflective practice, Guilford Press, 1998 Thorne, K.,Blended learning how to integrate online
mostly for university libraries (2%)e g. www. lib. clemson. edu 8. Yellow and White Pages-people and business finders (2%)e g. www. anywho. com 9. Calculators
universities, political players etc. In contrast to the promoting factors described above, the following list will give you possible reasons (hindering factors) that may contribute to the decline of an innovation network.
Market forces Science system State and State organs Transfer system Universities Polytechnics Research institutes Media, fairs, conferences Consulting, engineering offices Technology
and carried by enterprises, universities and research institutions other than universities as well as by central regional players An open platform with long-term orientation The strategy driver in the field of innovation policy"Innosupport:
olzcluster Steiermark Gmbh Wirtschaftskammer Steiermark (Chamber of Trade and Commerce) Steirische Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaft mbh Österreichische Nationalbank Zweigstelle Graz Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (University
of Graz) Technische Universität Graz (Technical University of Graz) Medizinische Universität Graz (Medical University of Graz) Montanuniversität Leoben (Mining University of Graz) FH Joanneum
of innovation in the enterprises Efficient research institutions of international format inside and outside universities Sufficient potential of highly qualified employees Attractive frame conditions for scientists and researchers from home
which the Technical University of Vienna or the Außeninstitut of the TU of Vienna are members
Foreign language competence page 263 of 271 Self learning tool for English grammar, run by the Technical University of Chemnitz.
medical assistance or researchers exchange between universities or companies, frequently experience difficulties of implementation due to different cultural visions and ways of understanding.
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