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and Innovation Initiatives 71 Innovative Government Leaves Legacy after the Financial crisis 79 Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis 90 CHAPTER III OPEN INNOVATION 2. 0 IN A REAL-WORLD
academic leaders and indeed citizens to learn, network and work together for progress. We learnt at the conference that the problems Europe faces are too difficult and large to be tackled in isolation
Bror Salmelin, Adviser for Innovation Systems Directorate General for Communications networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT) European commission Introduction 6 O P E N I N N
Daria European Institute of Innovation and Technology daria. tataj@eit. europa. eu Huuskonen Mikko Lappeenranta University of Technology & Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland mikko
In her article, Lin discusses the aftermath of the financial crisis in the light of the excellent work done on knowledge capital, structural intellectual capital and the effects on national competitiveness.
Carrol interlinks existing youth unemployment solutions with modern approach of using data (and especially big data) as driver for future growth.
when it comes to coping with the unemployment challenge. Open data and open platforms create a strong raw material basis for new enterprises
Humor from employees stimulates readiness for change and is extremely important in the transformation processes of any organisation.
Better solutions are needed globally in domains such as healthcare, transportation, climate change, youth unemployment, financial stability, prosperity, sustainability, and growth.
As one example, the work of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) is a step in the right direction.
The eclectic team works together to build product roadmaps that identify the pathways from research to results.
Often an idea that works in one sector can span a boundary and be adapted successfully to generate new value in another sector.
when disruptive technologies meet high ambition, creativity and hard work. HEE is especially important as according to a report from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor,
Having the user-driven experimentation approach we ensure higher success rate but also the possibility to focus the development work in right direction for impact.
To make this work earlier in the innovation process the Commission is covering the risk in selected areas by precommercial procurement tools.
High expectation entrepreneurs (HEE's) expect to employ 20 employees or more within five years and are a primary source of job creation. 18 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o
O k 2 0 1 4 References (1) Schumpeter, J. A. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy.
Adviser, Innovation Systems, EC Directorate General CONNECT Board member, Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group bror. salmelin@ec. europa. eu 19 Open Innovation 2. 0 Fundamental Change in Innovation Processes*Abstract
we realised that one of the critical elements is the scalability of the work, which naturally results in increased success rate.
Contact Bror Salmelin Adviser for Innovation Systems, European commission, Directorate General for Communications networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT) bror. salmelin@ec. europa. eu 22 O
In fact, during an interview at ACM Ubiquity in December 2004, Michael Schrage was asked by Ubiquity staff:‘
in order to result in the most appropriate UX while sharing knowledge and crystallising the collective work of the LL stakeholders.
From discussion with experts, a specific focus on intra-logistics processes has been derived for ELLIOT. Intra-logistics deal with the logistics processes between companies (e g. warehouse logistics, material logistics/production supply;
they have been attended by various types of users, such as patients, occasional visitors, returning visitors, clinicians, employees and others.
and user experience monitoring for finding a proper balance between the work environment settings, individual comfort of office employees, work efficiency,
and reduction of energy consumed by an office during regular work hours. In accordance with these high-level objectives, pilot application was designed by INT
occupied by 8 regular office employees, was equipped by sensors for monitoring the energy consumption (Plugwise Circle), indoor/outdoor temperature, humidity,
the centre and the respective medical expert can react when critical events appear. These were the main considerations,
Right from the beginning of the project, it already appeared impossible to have a single common UX model that could work for any use case.
a significant part of the model is based on previous work like for example on hedonic or ergonomic quality. 33 Figure 12.1:
O k 2 0 1 4 Acknowledgments This work was carried out in the context of the ELLIOT EU ICT Project that was funded partly by the European commission.
‘Ergonomics of human system interaction Part 210: Human-centered design for interactive systems'(formerly known as 13407.
works-in progress and overhead are compared very high to software. Often, regular hardware and peripherals are being sold at rock-bottom prices.
People do not trust advisers anymore; New technological ways to measure stress and emotions; Wearable technology will not only be in clothes,
as a tool for taxi drivers and other SME's that could not connect to the regular banking payment systems due to costs and work environment.
, MBA Partner, Senior Business Consultant CGI Group Inc. gohar. sargsyan@cgi. com Jaspar Roos Chief Inspiration Officer Future Ideas EU
Greater economic policy coordination (1) across the EU will help Member States to address these problems and boost growth and job creation in the future.
and (c) inclusive, with a strong emphasis on job creation and poverty reduction. Based on these three mutually reinforcing priorities,
Such an approach aims to help Member States and their regions to deliver higher levels of employment, productivity,
and to manage a priority-setting process in the context of national and regional innovation strategies (4). This principle was outlined initially by the Expert Group‘Knowledge for Growth'in 2008.
The point of departure for the Knowledge for Growth Expert Group was the innovation system research
vocational training institutions may take the lead in such interactions, as they provide a more practical, hands-on, shorter-term oriented education,
professional associations or chambers of commerce representing the interests of the local business community take the lead in fostering partnerships with academia and government.
The Fifth Report on Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion prepared by the European commission (2010) has advocated further the importance of engaging fully relevant local and regional stakeholders, social partners,
especially in the context of local development measures (9). The same evaluation study indicated the increased use of partnerships in the EU15 (10) in the period from 2000 to 2006 with a significant improvement in the involvement of local and regional bodies, businesses, social partners
Researchers and practitioners generally agree about the importance of building research and innovation strategies based on the involvement of local and regional bodies, businesses, social partners and other organisations.
Not only citizens would be involved in the actual development work, they would also have the power to propose new types of innovations,
Developer, e g. to utilise user-oriented development methods in the internal development work public sector; Marketer, e g. to raise awareness of user-oriented innovation models and practices among citizens, businesses and public sector;
The Finns created an innovation and technology agency, Tekes, with an annual budget of EUR 600m and a staff of 360.
including 300 founded by former Nokia employees. Microtask outsources office work. Zen Robotics specialises in automating recycling.
Valkee makes a device that lifts wintry dark moods by shooting bright light into the ear canal.
Supercell's employees are what you would expect: men with beards and ponytails who take time out from their computer screens to show off their collections of action figures.
often to help parents deal with the practical problems of combining full-time work and family.
applying professional management to domestic cleaning and turning it into an employment perk. Hemfrid has persuaded the government to treat housecleaning as a tax deductible benefit,
It has convinced also companies that this is a great way to reward their employees and free them from domestic distraction.
Hemfrid now has 10 000 regular customers and 1 326 employees 70%of them born abroad.
Rovio now has 500 employees in Finland and had a turnover of $100m in 2011.
) Ex post evaluation of the ERDF 2000 2006, Work Package 11: Management and Implementation Systems, http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/expost2006/wp11 en. htm (9) http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy
Tampere, University of Tampere, Institute for Social Research, Work Research Centre. further references:(16)( 18)( 19)( 21))(17) Carayannis, E g.,
It is understood not always that innovation only strikes if novel, and sometimes disruptive, services and products return to the people.
Higher education provides the human resources to conduct basic research, which is translated in turn to applied research leading to prototypes picked up by industry that markets the product to customers.
educating employees and tackling public health challenges. Not welcomed by all members and initially with some reluctance,
Post-Incubation License Spin-ostart-up For future development Start-up Creation Commercialization Products/Services in the market+ACTORS Senior Entrepreneur Expert board (internal+external
Knowledge & Innovation Mkt Business Incubator Network SW for idea management Observatory Expert entrepreneurs Lead customers Expert professors Mixed team (technicians+MBA
/entrepreneurs Coaches Business/Management frameworks Entrepreneurs courses Equity/Management team/Company Marketing/consulting experts Access to Finance Legal & administrative support IP rights?
& Strategy advice Networking Financial Nurturing Equity/Management team/Company Marketing/consulting experts Finance & debt management Internationalization support Business Development (growth strategies) Networking VC Forums Consolidation/Defining the appropriate Business model Training Competence development Protection of IPR+Patents
‘KICS will be characterised by geographically distributed people who are brought together for significant periods to work in centres where individuals from different types of organisations and cultures (nationalities, industry,
Commission Opinion of 30.11.2011 on the independent expert evaluation on the EIT. COM (2011) 816 final.
and the Executive Committee European Institute of Innovation and Technology daria. tataj@eit. europa. eu 71 Creating Ecosystems for Open Innovation in European Large-scale Research
Finally the platform infrastructure is offered as a stable infrastructure for large-scale trials and as an enabler to SMES for growth and job creation.
This leads to the development of different but interrelated sub-systems and work streams, involving parties specialised in various domain areas within the ecosystems.
and the ongoing quest for increased business impact, namely the Executive Industry Board. The role of this Board was to ensure the commitment of the major industrial stakeholders,
Other major enablers for successful work include timing, noncompetitive setup and execution focus in the projects.
The work of the horizontal groups is considered of more relevance as the projects tackle similar issues at the project level.
References (1) European union (2013),‘Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Work Programmes 2011 2013'.'FI-PPP's website is:
Government Leaves Legacy after the Financial crisis Abstract Australia and Chile were hit hard by the 2008 global financial crisis;
The rationale behind such design was to assist the low-skilled workers and to prepare better qualified labor force for the future all over the nation.
capital crunch, currency crash, high inflation, high unemployment, undulations in housing and equity prices, and government defaults on international and domestic debts (1). The source of the problem generally includes improper rules and policies, ineffective governance, failed surveillance systems,
including production stoppage and shedding off excessive manpower. When consumers could not get credit or lost their jobs,
The rate of growth and employment both went down by half; growth has averaged 4%per year since 1999 (8). Nevertheless, in 2007,
and employment protection and incentives for worker training (3) . In addition to provide liquidity to the market, the government launched its major fiscal stimulus package of US$4 billion (2. 8%of its GDP and 14%of planned current fiscal expenditures),
job protection and job-training stimulus. Fiscal policy was at the core of the Chilean government response to the crisis,
a law was enacted on 28 may 2009 that provided tax reductions to companies retaining workers (3), under the tripartite agreement between government, workers'unions,
maintaining good levels of business investment and employment (14). According to the OECD, Australia's timely stimulus measures, with a strong focus on direct government investment,
are amongst the most effective of all OECD fiscal packages in stimulating activity and supporting employment (10).
It was meant to provide support to less skilled labour for it required 82 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1
As a result, this project provided free insulation for over 2 million homes as well as employment opportunities for predominantly less skilled workers.
and under to enhance up to 135 000 young Australians with higher qualifications for future labour market demand.
and innovative in creating jobs for the seriously affected low skilled workers and at the same time improving educational infrastructure with long lasting effect.
Unemployment fell to around 5%in 2010. As a result of an improved economy, the government expected to return to budget surpluses as early as 2015 (5). In addition to Australia's proven resilience during this financial crisis,
but especially those from the political class (3). Another example is the policy of tax reductions to companies retaining workers.
Chilean government sought the tripartite agreement between government, workers'unions, and companies. Fast decision with relevant parties'consensus and transparent information sharing are the unique features of Chilean government during this financial crisis.
total general government debt percentage of GDP, unemployment rate of labour force, and consumer price inflation (CPI).
4 measures to place the low-skilled workers in building school infrastructure and energy-efficiency ceiling installation apparently took effect.
However, China's recent economic slowdown and the end of its resources boom have resulted in Australia's resources industry shedding thousands of workers.
During the financial crisis, the economic contraction, rise in unemployment, and regulatory reforms can be viewed as the necessary restructuring costs for transitioning from the existing economy to an even more robust one.
and its resources industry has shed thousands of workers as a result. Australian Figure 7: Co-development of GDP per capita (ppp) and NRC for Australia and Chile Figure 6:
-Granted workers to undertake training outside their own firms. Infrastructure (Early December 2008) Large-scale infrastructure projects amounting to US$ 3 billion (A$ 4. 7 billion.
Retrieved from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/index. html (6) International Labour Office (ILO)( April 2010) G20 Country Briefs Australia
's response to the crisis. Meeting of Labour and Employment Ministers. Retrieved from http://www. dol. gov/ilab/media/events/G20 ministersmeeting/G20-australia-brief. pdf (7) Gregorio, J. 2008) The Chilean economy in the current
2013) Rudd says boom over as unemployment nears financial crisis levels, Nasdaq, Dow jones Business News. Retrieved on July 14,
2013 from http://www. nasdaq. com/article/rudd-says-boom-over-as-unemployment-nearsfinancial-crisis-levels-20130711-00043 (19) Lin,
E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis
*Abstract The economic downturn hit young people especially hard, limiting their opportunities to success. High unemployment, job insecurity,
European young privileged situation has changed due to increased access to education and labour costs emerging countries: Access to knowledge it is democratised now.
Besides, young Europeans cannot compete on labour costs with less developed countries, while at the same time young from these countries become more and more skilled.
but labour relations scheme, still based in the Industrial revolution, prevents express that profile, and condemns us to situations of alienation, from Figure 1:*
usually much unproductive'(1). In a work environment as competitive as described before, the only factor that can lead to success occurs
when employees are engaged in what they like or think they are trained specially.‘‘It is likely that a person's high in self-efficacy would surpass less efficacious individuals in relation to factors such as promotions
or career success or salary'(2). Employees who are motivated at work are more likely to be persistent, creative and productive.
They will also be much more permeable to learn new ways of working that involves changes in strategies of organisations.
but mainly in the workplace and education. At workplaces requires changes in the top management strategies,
which should be oriented more to leadership and consensus of common goals with employees that the old model based on performance metrics in monetary terms.
Changes introduced by the leaders require learning and adaptability by employees in order to be executed smoothly inside the organisation.
We all know there is usually an innate resistance in humans and only motivation can help us to overcome the opposition.
and attitudes that will help economy remain prosperous and competitive'(4). Clearly the scheme where pupils sit for hours watching a teacher speaks no longer works.
Now thanks to the work of innovation gurus we know that it is possible to develop a culture that supports, nurtures,
It will be difficult to convince Israeli students to work in a company, their preference is to work on their own developing own ideas and projects.
What happens if we mix youth unemployment with one of the existing capacity in Europe such as the enormous quantity of information?
and multidisciplinary skills and consequently there is a clear opportunity for employment. This opportunity is tailored to our society:
Social benefits of data analysis In addition to the benefits in terms of employment intensive data analysis can also be beneficial to our society.
Syracuse university (12) who refers to the Science of Data as an‘emerging area of work related to the collection, preparation, analysis, visualisation, management and preservation of large amounts of information'.
J. Impact of Self Efficacy on Motivation and Performance of Employees. International Journal of Business and Management. 2013.
'Whether as customers, employees, managers, financiers, partners, or citizens in communities, every stakeholding individual can bring capital to the value creation process through their‘value creative capacities'and,
and almost 400 officers and subordinates staff*.*As noted by UIDAI, ‘A crucial factor that determines an individual's wellbeing in a country is
poor migrant workers who are denied services and benefits when they move. With high levels of corruption
and processes that duplicate work across government states and departments, sparking resistance from those who feel it will take over the function of existing personnel.
but rather the whole system, including representatives from trade unions, NGOS, government, political leaders, and educators. For example, fully 30 to 40%of the identified programmes in the NCI agenda draft were being undertaken by private entities and NGOS..
and external experts led by Symnetics, a consulting organisation, over multiple phases. In the first phase
and extraordinarily rapid adoption (Figure 2). This ecosystem approach has been emphasised i. a. in the report of the independent expert group concerning European Innovation Partnerships (EIPS) as a Tool for Systemic Change (2
The multi-headed structure works also across sectorial boundaries, linking the best excellence to create new innovations
all the operative work of OIA takes place in the centres that focus on different fields of expertise,
and OIA owner organisations staff where the practical work is done. Example of Oulu Innovation Alliance Innovation Centres and Open Innovation Center for Internet Excellence CIE) The mission of CIE is to actively drive co-creation of next generation Internet
following the multidisciplinary nature of the innovation alliance work. Open Innovation and Turning Ideas into Business Oulu is well known for its efficiency to turn research into business (13.
or a company considering the possibilities of setting up new businesses at the earliest possible point (Figure 8). At the same time researchers gets feedback to their work from users of research results
to make it work in all the strong sectors of Oulu. The OIA collaboration is playing an important role to intensify
After many years of works and debates, the world of connected objects faces a tremendous increase in innovations and market products.
Éolane has more than 3 500 employees around the world. They are able to design and manufacture electronic components, devices or systems.
because innovation development in this field requires sensor companies, electronic textile (12) experts, platform providers and service application developers working together in the business ecosystem (as described in Figure 1). The goal of the business ecosystem of Careware project is to provide unobtrusive wearable sensor based digital services
Methodology and Process The framework is structured around three main pillars that work together holistically supported by a cross-stage communication and dissemination process:
individual mentoring by experts, organised networking, and support for business planning and development. Full commercialisation support for grantees who successfully graduate from the programme with a marketable application,
determination and willingness to work with open technologies to build innovative and technologically challenging projects and products, in a wide range of usage areas tech awareness, particularly ICT awareness,
mentoring and experts support on necessary technologies, tools, business and entrepreneurial skills to build their ideas using platforms
provision of access to finance and markets through carefully calibrated local/regional/European innovation ecosystem with leading experts and practitioners on market access,
Tools and Mechanisms Robust Open Calls The Openeyif proposes recruitment of European young innovators through a series of open calls for proposals
joint promotion with other Open Innovation projects and communities; Promotional events & activities (hosted locally by participating incubators and ecosystems as well as road shows and external events:
and one-on-one mentoring by experts. Grantees who successfully graduate from the programme with a marketable application will receive support for access to finance (accelerator, business angel and venture capital investment) and access to international markets.
and will leave. Once the amount of people is down to a certain level, the lighting will change again to create a cosier atmosphere.
For this system to work it is important to establish whether there is a risk for escalating behaviour.
therefore more work is being created than one might think at first sight. The renewal rate of the infrastructure is relatively low:
Moreover, a recent Accenture survey (2) of senior executives in the US and Europe indicated that 93%of executives surveyed regard their company's long-term success to be dependent on its ability to innovate.
Only 18, %however, believe that their own innovation strategy is delivering a competitive advantage. Open-innovation thinking and extensive academic research consistently uphold the need for new innovation models that can potentially take us beyond the boundaries of the notion of
'Considered impossible by many experts, John Harrison, the son of a carpenter, invented the first‘marine chronometer,
Nature Publishing Group and Popular Science, the network of experts with access to the challenge spans 12 million people.
Does this perhaps leave us without analytical models and method to act upon? If this is the case,
since its popularisation in the book Competitive Advantage, has been a standard tool for consultants and practitioners alike.
or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call.
and the large network of potential labourers'(5). This sits comfortably with Chesbrough's idea that‘firms can
when Intuit customer service teams began experimenting with online support forums moderated by enthusiast employees. He asked the question‘how might we leverage user contribution at Intuit,
'Two executives came up with the idea for enhancing the company's tax preparation software for tax 132 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y
or crowd sourced recruitment and is very much the heartland of open innovation. Typically this is a more highly managed relationship.
and the manpower to create and bring new products and services to market on its own.
the production team within the company works with the Quirky Global Community, covering all parts of the innovation ecosystem, beginning with ideation and ending with sales.
Local Motors also works with large enterprises through hosted challenges, whereby the enterprise may outsource a design task to the Local Motors community of designers in exchange for cash prizes.
Legal work has to deal with very difficult legal interpretation and very often for securing the company's legal position legal department really is the killjoy and rightly so.
assuming that things are much better now and the universities offer ample amounts of info how the international dealing works.
that my quite recently obtained legal education was not going to work for me in the tasks I was exposed to.
The nature of the work evolves from legal compliance towards risk management. In a dynamic world, a 100%certainty may kill the business,
and much uncertainty, the executives of both companies shared a common belief, that if their talented people were put together in a tech-related business development project,
D.,Docent (Lappeenranta University of Technology) Counsellor, Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland mikko. huuskonen@tem. fi Figure 2:
Numerical analysis of what works best. Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum.
Then strategy consultants spend months interpreting the data, decide what it means and suggest a course of action.
and design-driven processes does not always work in radical changing environments, because the user does not know where to go to.
Humor from employees stimulates readiness for change, thus the organisation should foster internal approval of positive humor
With more and more people being a global citizen and worker, we are more and more likely to be working with people influenced by attitudes and values different to our own.
‘Surround yourself with people who take their work seriously, but not themselves, those who work hard and play hard'.
'We innovators are very fond of describing and explaining how the world should work in terms of metrics and models.
an integrative model of creativity and innovation implementation in work groups. Applied psychology: An International Review, 51 (3), 355 424.4) Amabile, T. M. 1996.
including economic prosperity, employment, a healthy community, and social well-being; 2. for the market in creating new products
Sharing content and creativity through the Internet will create new and better work/life balances for citizens:
item id=7195 (4) Mandela N.,Famous quotes Contact Dr Gohar Sargsyan, MBA Partner, Senior Business Consultant CGI Group Inc. gohar
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