which supports employment, wages, purchases, investments, and taxes. Conducting business as usual is sufficient social benefit.
which rising earnings have done little to offset high unemployment, local business distress, and severe pressures on community services.
And it has provided direct employment to 17 000 people 95%of whom are women and indirect employment to an equal number of people,
in rural areas where jobs otherwise were not available. These trends may well lead companies to remake their value chains by moving some activities closer to home
and local government, has experienced huge growth in employment, incomes, and company performance, and has fared better than most during the downturn.
As an example, a project can select impact on employment and impact on information as relevant and exclude impact on education
growth and employment, environment, climate change, health and education, inclusive societies, well-being, etc. Making a project to tackle societal needs implies framing the needs
which services are designed explicitly to tackle societal challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has identified,
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
FINANCE AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT SMART PUBLIC SERVICES ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Health and Wellbeing Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
AND EMPLOYMENT Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriö Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe Confine Crisisnet Desis Network Everyaware Fablab
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
GDP slw-down since mid-2011, environmental disasters, climate change, an ageing population and growing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things.
which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35. Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 69 Some other examples come from private organisations.
The competition invited Europeans to come up with new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
and organisations from the rest of the EU. Identify specific social challenges (such as health, employment,
in GDP percentage as well as in creating employment, whereas other industries are decreasing. In the long term, an innovation in social services or education will be as important as an innovation in the pharmaceutical or aerospatial industry."
and Urban Policy and DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion, with inputs by various other Directorates General (DG Enterprise and Industry;
and then completed with DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion, in particular with Olivier Rouland, Head of Unit,
and the severe employment and social consequences it has for many of Europe's citizens.
health and employment policies, but also at education, training and skills development, business support, industrial policy, urban development, etc.,
the European platform against poverty and social exclusion, the Innovation Union, the Social Business Initiative, the Employment and Social Investment packages, the Digital Agenda, the new industrial policy, the Innovation
Johannes HAHN Member of the European commission Responsible for Regional Policy Laszlo ANDOR Member of the European commission Responsible for Employment
Employment: 75%of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed R&d/innovation: 3%of the EU's GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in R&d/innovation Climate change/energy:
the calls for proposals of the PROGRESS programme of DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion 19, the Regiostars awards20 by DG Regional Policy with a specific category on social innovation for 2013 and URBACT
ESF Article 6 projects, mainstreaming of innovative activities by ESF operational programmes, New Sources of Jobs, Territorial Employment Pacts and Regional Information Society Initiatives
regional and local projects that improve the levels of employment, the quality of jobs, and the inclusiveness of the labour market in the Member States and their regions.
According to the EU Social Business Initiative, the social economy employs over 11 million people in the EU, accounting for 6%of total employment.
and thus help to find new answers to unmet needs in fields like employment, housing, ageing, childcare,
Member States and Managing Authorities and other public contracting bodies can use the purchasing power of large and small ERDF projects to stimulate social innovation in employment
The example from the City of Nantes below illustrates how a procurement framework has opened a space for social enterprises to work directly with the private sector in helping disadvantaged people into employment.
and other workers from Merseyside's disadvantaged neighbourhoods and gives them a start in employment.
13%were on unemployment benefit (RMI) and 8%people had a disability; 345,000 hours dedicated to insertion (about 200 full time equivalent jobs),
75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social enterprise.
STEP now helps over 6, 000 migrants a year through individual advice on legal, health, employment, housing, social services, immigration and other issues with specialist advisers.
self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Piloting Stage Kiút aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
finance and employment ministries to produce a unit inside government dedicated to public policy innovation.
'Indeed Hiriko was initiated thanks to a European social fund project aiming at stimulating job creation in a disadvantaged area. 71 http://www. socialinnovationeurope. eu/node/2797 72 http://www. denokinn
The Rhône-alpes Region (FR) puts employment and anticipation of change at the centre of its regional strategy for economic development and innovation.
of which-namely, increasing the employment rate to 75%,%reducing early school leaving under 10 %and poverty by 20 million people-directly concern the social domain.
macroeconomic, fiscal and employment strategies have to be accompanied by clear guidance and monitoring instruments regarding social investment.
These cover research, technological development and innovation (thematic objective 1), employment (TO 8), education (TO 9), social policies (TO 10) and administrative capacity building (TO 11.
which means that it is supposed to take place through all investment priorities of the employment, education, social inclusion and administrative capacity building priorities or address the areas of these thematic objectives through a separate priority axis on social innovation.
At the same time, conditionality sets are in place for specific investment priorities of the employment, education, social inclusion and institutional capacity building thematic objectives.
In thematic objective (8) promoting employment and supporting labour mobility, the possible support for the development of business incubators and investment support for self employment
and business creation can be very relevant for socially innovative start-ups. The same objective makes possible local development initiatives
such as how to create employment for youth, how to integrate migration communities into economic life,
81 2. 3. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation Easi (2014-20) to follow the PROGRESS programme...
83 c. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi...84 2. 4. Other programmes and action plans...
the challenge is to stimulate job creation while addressing macroeconomic imbalances; and yy taking a longer term perspective,
http://www. oxfordmartin. ox. ac. uk/downloads/commission/Oxford martin now for the long term. pdf. 4 Local employment initiatives, EQUAL, LEADER, URBAN;
The services that have been involved most in this matter from the beginning (Employment and Social affairs, Enterprise, Regional Policy, Agriculture,
which Hayek could be added) acknowledged that protection against poverty, unemployment, illness and old age are important
a highly competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social progress, and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment'.
i e. the Commissioners responsible for the Single Market (M. Barnier), Employment and Social affairs (L. Andor) and Enterprise (A. Tajani).
Parliament, Economic and Social Committee) to frame the notion of social impact in the Eusef (European Social Entrepreneurship Funds) and Easi (European Programme for Employment and Social Innovation.
Non-experimental 51 Written by J-Pal Europe at the request of the European commission's Directorate-General for Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion. 52 http://www. povertyactionlab. org/.
In the new programme for employment and social innovation, technical assistance for conducting randomised evaluations is made available to administrations undertaking social policy reforms.
The Commission's Communication on the Single Market Act II56 highlighted the need to develop methods for measuring the social and economic benefits generated by social enterprises in the implementation of the Eusef57 and the programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi.
the 2013 report on Employment and Social Development in Europe highlights the need to adapt the way we measure economic and social progress
published by DG Regional and Urban Policy and DG Employment, Social affairs in February 2013.71 Some of them show how support under the Structural Funds will increasingly be sought for the development of instruments to encourage a participatory approach to the resolution of social problems.
-General for Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion in April 201372 and, on the other hand, the large body of research funded by the FP5, FP6 and FP7 Socioeconomic Sciences and Humanities Programme on issues related to social
the social economy employs over 11 million people in the EU, accounting for 6%of total employment.
and thus help to find new answers to unmet needs in fields like employment, housing, ageing, childcare, etc.
Member States and Managing Authorities and other public contracting bodies can use the purchasing power of large and small ERDF projects to stimulate social innovation in employment and inclusion of marginalised groups.
The example below from the City of Nantes illustrates how a procurement framework has opened a space for social enterprises to work directly with the private sector in helping disadvantaged people into employment.
75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social enterprise.
/The Kiút Programme, self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Kiút aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
Portugal has to restore economic growth, employment, and make long-term structural reforms at all levels, but especially at institutional and economic levels (public sector, public services, competition, etc.).
an innovative way to address senior and junior unemployment through intergenerational entrepreneurship. The BIS also promotes social business by bringing together people who have interests in sustainable business.
increasing income inequality and longterm unemployment without relying on economic growth as a panacea. Investing in health and education, preferably as early as possible (e g. through early childhood education and care interventions) will help reduce costs in the long term,
Several EU policies that deal with employment, education, health and technological development could be used for this purpose.
sustainable and inclusive growth to succeed the Lisbon Strategy for growth and employment, which set guidelines for the first decade of the century.
The Social Business Initiative and The Employment and Social Investment packages, which frame and fund a new approach to social policies.
1) employment;(2) education;(3) research and innovation;(4) social inclusion and poverty reduction; and (5) and climate/energy94 that the EU should meet by the end of the decade.
supporting the Europe 2020 priorities in areas like innovation, the digital economy, employment, youth, industrial policy, poverty,
the removal of many obstacles to competition and job creation. These efforts are combined and coordinated in order to make the desired impact;
which aim to make the EU economy more efficient (a resource-efficient Europe, an industrial policy for the globalisation era), foster innovation (a Digital Agenda for Europe, Innovation Union) and fight unemployment and exclusion
200 million jobs and 20 million companies and that cooperatives, mutual societies and associations provide more than 14 million jobs (6. 53%of total employment),
yy a strong focus on social innovation in social policy, namely under the ESF and the PROGRESS programme as well as strong support for social innovation in the new Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi)( 2014-20;
on the move This initiative was designed as a comprehensive package of policy initiatives on education and employment for young people in Europe.
to reduce high youth unemployment and to increase the youth employment rate. This initiative is focused on the Europe 2020 objectives of reducing early school leaving
and achieving a 75%employment rate for the working-age population (20-64 years). It has adopted an all-encompassing approach by bringing together the issues of education
and employment and creating bridges between these issues and the stakeholders. This initiative, through its focus on young people,
has brought together a set of EU actions which have put youth issues and concerns high on the European and National agendas.
and encourage youth employment (through youth guarantees108), social innovation processes have been highlighted: young people's needs and their participation in the design of measures have been a primary focus to make education and training more relevant to them;
apprenticeship or a traineeship within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education.
and employment systems in Member States to learn from each other. Universities have been encouraged to improve the quality of the courses they offer by making them more responsive to student's needs;
and youth unemployment is also being tackled through more workplace and entrepreneurial learning experiences and more possibilities for self employment.
Considering the very high level of youth unemployment as a consequence of the crisis, actions for youth have been given extensive political and financial attention,
The attraction of young people to meaningful employment makes a case for developing a sustainable framework for social enterprises and social innovation initiatives.
and jobs This flagship initiative's main objective is to help the EU reach its employment target for 2020 of having 75%of working-age women
and men (aged 20-64) in employment. The agenda also contributes to achieving the EU's targets to get the early school-leaving rate below 10%and more young people in higher education or equivalent vocational education (at least 40),
and improve the conditions for job creation. All these elements can apply to the development of social entrepreneurship and jobs in the social economy as well as in other purely commercial sectors.
Pathways towards full employment'(http://ec. europa. eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/newskils-and-jobs-in-europe en. pdf). 66 S O C i a L I N N
Single Market Acts and the Social Business Initiative The social economy is addressed in the Innovation Union flagship initiative, 113 in the Single Market Act I114 and II, 115 in the Employment
and job creation through promoting and supporting self employment, social enterprises and business start-ups. The Single Market Act I, adopted in April 2011,
They thus contribute to social cohesion, employment and the reduction of inequalities. The Social Business Initiative proposes three series of priority measures to:
Businesses providing social services and/or goods and services to vulnerable persons (access to housing, healthcare, assistance for elderly or disabled persons, inclusion of vulnerable groups, child care, access to employment
and/or Businesses with a method of production of goods or services with a social objective (social and professional integration via access to employment for disadvantaged people in particular due to insufficient qualifications or social or professional problems
The SIP is fully complementary to the Employment Package the White paper on Pensions and the Youth employment Package.
It also builds on the contribution the European Structural and Investment funds (in particular the ESF) can make to social investment in the next financing period. 127 126 4 491 signatories from regions,
as well as other European Structural and Investment funds (ESIF) and the new Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi), to test new approaches to social policies (such as ICT-enabled innovation)
The findings of this conference provided an input for the meeting of the Employment, Social policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO)
'and the Employment and Social Innovation (Easi) programme which eventually adopted social innovation in its very title.
and policies setting funding priorities in some 70 different documents, including the important areas of cohesion, agriculture, research, employment and social policies.
Horizon 2020 and the Employment and Social Innovation programme (Easi. Overall, the reformed Cohesion Policy (ESIF, which includes the:
a joint Guide to Social Innovation was published under the responsibility of the European Commissioners for employment and social policy (László Andor) and for charge of regional policy (Johannes Hahn) in February 2013.
The focus of ESF support will fall on employment and social policies: social innovation will be a tool to improve the employment, social inclusion,
education and institutional capacity-building policies supported by the ESF. The policy themes for social innovation within this scope and corresponding to Member States'specific needs will be identified in their programmes or at a later stage during implementation.
for Employment and Social Innovation Easi (2014-20) to follow the PROGRESS programme In line with the Europe 2020 flagship initiative European Platform against Poverty and Social Exclusion,
and social exclusion and ensuring an employment rate of 75%for the 20-64 year-olds by 2020.
and costly The situation of health and social services The special supplement on Health and Social services of the EU Employment and Social Situation Quarterly Review highlights that the social
Developing innovative approaches in the provision of social services could also boost the EU's employment and job creation prospects.
The opportunities for job creation in the social services sector are important due to the development of new needs driven by the demographic changes, economic and social consequences of the crisis, growing inequalities, technological developments or changing
For that reason, building partnerships of a broader nature between public authorities, civil society organisations and the private sector will be encouraged in the Easi call under preparation. c. The Programme for Employment
and Social Innovation (Easi) The new Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi) was adopted in December 2013134.
It will support the Member States'efforts in relation to the design and implementation of employment and social reforms at European, national as well as regional and local levels by means of policy coordination, the identification, analysis and sharing
and social entrepreneurship axis of the Employment and Social Innovation (Easi) represented the first EU-wide initiative specifically designed for this sector.
with the aim to further develop its potential for employment and social innovation. Under this heading, in 2014, Easi will aim, inter alia, to:
thus contributing to economic growth and job creation. In particular it will continue the exploration, made in a 2011 report by the European Expert Network on Culture,
An annual event on innovation and social and employment policy: Social innovation and social policy experimentation (Brussels, November 2012) This conference involved more than 200 participants from civil society, public authorities and academia.
'while a fringe event was organised by social innovation stakeholders to discuss social innovation and the social economy as a solid response to the need for job creation.
In the EU, the public sector accounts for 17%of employment, and general government expenditure is equivalent to 50%of EU GDP.
Citizens will identify barriers to growth, job creation and investment, and ultimately propose new policy or legislative approaches.
across sectors and across borders to speed up innovations that address the demographic challenge and gain competitive advantages for growth and job creation in Europe.
and employment, stimulate uptake of water innovations by market and society. It is designed to boost opportunities for innovation in the water sector to facilitate the development of innovative solutions
and freedom of establishment. 162 See 3. 1. 4, in the'examples of participatory projects'convened by the European commission.
'3. 2. Financing capacities and facilities 3. 2. 1. The Easi programme for social innovation The Employment and Social Innovation (Easi) programme has made EUR 86 million
This is an issue for the European economy as small businesses are among the most important drivers for growth and employment.
Projects were typically related to unemployment, marginalisation of disadvantaged groups, environment and access to affordable and good quality health and education.
investing in skills for better socioeconomic outcomes which focuses on delivering skills for employment, such as digital or entrepreneurial competences, increasing the efficiency and inclusiveness of education and training institutions.
and an initiative to improve the availability of data on European higher education learning mobility and employment in cooperation with Eurostat.
Furthermore, a European Alliance for Apprenticeships has been established to drive forward the innovation and reform of apprenticeship schemes across Europe.
The alliance mobilises a multitude of stakeholders to jointly strengthen the quality, supply and reputation of in-company training as part of vocational education.
The rationale is that quality apprenticeships provide students with a valuable combination of theoretical knowledge
Actions are concerted thus to achieve high-quality apprenticeships that can facilitate young people's access to the job market.
Employment & Entrepreneurship; Voluntary activities; Participation; Social inclusion; Health & Wellbeing; Creativity & Culture; Youth and the World.
Youth work and non-formal learning play an important role in social innovation, particularly by offering alternative ways of learning and through practices that tackle inclusion problems such as youth employment or early
Since the launch of the Structured Dialogue in 2010, youth representatives and policymakers first engaged in debates on themes such as youth employment and youth participation and then looked into social inclusion.
Teleworking and virtual meetings are held mainly back by social/psychological (e g. fear of social isolation and adverse impacts on careers) and institutional (lack of support from managers/organisations) barriers.
buying and using smaller cars and teleworking. The policy package with regard to smaller cars consists of economic and regulatory instruments supported by informational measures,
while the policy package for teleworking consists of a wide variety of measures, including economic, regulative, informational and procedural instruments.
The OECD's LEED Programme (Local Economic and Employment Development which includes a Forum on Social Innovations,
For example, tendering for innovative approaches to cutting graduate unemployment or street homelessness, encourages bids by teams with the capacity to develop concepts to scale,
'Working Rite matches an unemployed young person with a skilled tradesman and supports the young person through a six month apprenticeship.
if it makes one of its goals the attraction and effective employment of a wide range of volunteers.
There is a central role for academies, apprenticeships, and training programmes. One example 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 93 Organic farming students at Everdale.
So while familiar data on income, employment, diseases or educational achievement continues to be gathered, there is growing interest in other types of measurement that may give more insights into
and broadly agreed roles for different sectors for example to create a new system of apprenticeships in green industries,
and the Ministry of Employment, to bring together government, private enterprises, and the research community under one roof to promote user-centred innovation.
and compulsory targets for the employment of people with disabilities. This is also the case with household-generated innovation.
such as lower unemployment. 327) Holistic local budgets such as the New deal for Communities, which gave local communities wide discretion on how to spend large sums of money (typically around £50 million over ten years),
Employment Zones allowed contractors to innovate new methods for getting unemployed people into work, with payment linked to outcomes rather than inputs and outputs. 379) Differential tax,
including the employment of people with disabilities, regulations for renewable energy, fiscal measures, and planning conditions. 383) Creation of new legal forms
such as the Fire brigades Union in the UK which helps firemen find part-time employment as benefits advisors alongside their roles as firemen,
who work for a day a week with the public workforce to develop innovative service ideas. 397) Secure employment innovation models
which separate project failure from redundancy. Examples include funding a range of parallel projects to test out innovations with job security,
so that individuals can be transferred from failures to successes. 398) Accreditation, search and recruitment of public innovators by commercial headhunters or government agencies.
and employment for the rural poor. 420) Venture philanthropy focused on innovation in particular sectors, such as the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF's) Pioneer Portfolio which specialises in health and IT. 421) Philanthropic mutual funds such as the Acumen Fund and the Global Fund for Women. 2 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT
and emerging thinking on creating markets for other social‘bads'(such as criminality or unemployment), to accelerate market innovation to meet social and environmental goals. 490) Markets for goods'.
and to their terms of funding and employment? Who will provide the necessary tools and platforms?
Unpaid work Leisure Housework, paid work and leisure (Minutes per day and person, latest year available) Note:
Issues such as the distribution of working time, the valorisation of voluntary labour, the content and channels of life skills learning, the role of many of the social and educational services, the arrangements for retirement and unemployment, the size
or the rights to sabbaticals provided in some professions. 505) Flexible terms of formal employment to enable a sustainable informal economy,
The Open university Business school, the Society for the Advancement of Management Studies and the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES.
Europe is focused now on providing an innovative response to societal challenges such as globalisation, aging population, youth unemployment, resource constraints and so forth.
and growing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things, such as moving from closed innovation models to open
Vision for the European Research Area, the Innovation Union (a Europe 2020 Initiative), the European Information Society for Growth and Employment,
and fostering better digital entrepreneurship. 13 The real question is how these positive beginnings can scale to enable new forms of social innovation to emerge to tackle societal challenges, such as unemployment, clean and renewable energy provision, poverty,
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