Horizon 2020 dedicated Expert Advisory Group on Innovation in SMES Consultation on the EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-17 Final Report to the European commission July 2014
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 ii Contents Executive Summary...
Members of the dedicated Expert Advisory Group on Innovation in SMES...29 Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 iii Executive Summary Small and medium enterprises (SMES) are vital to the European economy and a key focus
for innovation support. In the past decade, the European union's support for innovation in SMES has risen. Budgets are up,
In this Consultation Paper on the next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017, the Expert Advisory Group (EAG) on Innovation in SMES focuses on innovation-driven SMES in all sectors.
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 iv Key Messages and Recommendations 1) Ensure the strategic evolution of the SME Instrument:
setting up a pool of independent due diligence experts; deploying Phase 1 coaches to support the due diligence process;
and a special expert panel to oversee the process. Rec 4. 5) f. Develop and implement a communications strategy
Despite protracted efforts, public Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 v procurement has yet to become an effective channel in bringing innovative solutions to market.
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 vi a. In collaboration programmes, prioritise areas with clear SME interest and potential, such as nano, healthcare and ICT;
Rec 6. 4) Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 1 1. Introduction Small and medium enterprises (SMES) are vital to the European economy and a key focus
European commission Report June 2013. http://ec. europa. eu/research/smetechweb/pdf/sme participaton in fp7 june 2013. pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group
and small midcaps EU equity is available via risk capital funds that have signed (up to 499 employees) an agreement with the European Investment Fund (EIF).
and EU funding €336m earmarked from COSME All budget figures in current prices Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Our Consultation Paper The Expert Advisory Group(‘EAG')on Innovation in SMES is one of a series of advisory groups setup by the European commission to advise on priorities for Horizon 2020.
The EAG comprises 19 independent experts drawn from the public and private sectors and civil society (see list of EAG members in Annex 1). As part of its remit,
'Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 4 Box 1:
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 5 2. Challenges and Trends for Innovation-Driven SMES The innovation environment for SMES is shaped by both long-term global challenges
November 2012. http://files. gereports. com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ge-industrial-internet-vision-paper. pdf Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation
and energy solutions that will be difficult to meet with approaches used in US/EU. 5 Wohlers & Caffrey, 2013. http://wohlersassociates. com Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
For innovation-driven SMES, open source and co-creation are Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 9 3. Gaps and Bottlenecks in SME Management of Innovation The strength of SMES lies in their agility, imagination
which is considered superior to Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 10 the standard QWERTY system,
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 11 Box 2:
Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 12 4. Evolution of the SME Instrument As the flagship SME initiative under H2020, it is essential to consider how the SME Instrument
The Innovation EAG & the Access to Risk Finance Group will address this Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
o Establish a pool of qualified independent due diligence experts to support H2020 Phase 2 funded projects.
however, that such experts are in short supply and will need to be rewarded properly. o Deploy Phase 1 Coaches to support investors.
In addition, we note that these operational measures should supplement Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
establishing a pool of independent due diligence experts; deploying Phase 1 coaches to support the due diligence preparation process;
Furthermore, the Commission should consider the creation of a European Hub for Excellence in high-value coaching services and coaching experts.
693 valid datasets of European SMES with 250 employees or fewer shows that only 56.8 per cent of the SMES state that their vision is linked clearly to innovation.
4 february 2011,863 882 Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 15 different technologies,
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 16 o The Commission is advised to consider
and a special expert panel to oversee the process. Managing expectations: acceptance as a badge of success. Around 10-15k applications per annum are expected eventually under Phases 1 & 2,
Develop and implement a communications strategy and professionalized communications campaign for the SME Instrument that addresses the Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 18 5. Policy Actions to Drive Innovation Taking into account the challenges
/pre-commercial-procurement Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 19 between customers/users and suppliers.
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 20 together suppliers and users to jointly develop innovative research-based solutions,
Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 21 While the need for such linkages is accepted well in policy circles,
IP strategy and IP licensing training for SME advisers, coaches and managers, filling the gap between the elite commercial services and the basic IP training Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 22 and support currently on offer.
/innovation/files/design/design-for-growth-and-prosperity-report en. pdf Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 24 6. Synergies for SMES in Horizon 2020 Structural limitations need to be addressed in order for SMES to realise their full potential
May 2014. http://ec. europa. eu/research/sme-techweb/pdf/volume i smes in fp7-may2014. pdf Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
For the other challenges, enabling Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 26 technologies like ICT can be relevant to all.
Experts allocated to each theme should have a professional background and practical experience in the area concerned.
Furthermore, most of them are now well Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
pg=publications Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017 28 heavily influenced by national/local market conditions,
May 2014. http://ec. europa. eu/research/sme-techweb/pdf/volume i smes in fp7-may2014. pdf Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:
Members of the dedicated Expert Advisory Group on Innovation in SMES EAG Chair: Mr Uffe Bundgaard-Jørgensen Investornet EAG Members:
and ingenuity, exposed them to content experts and real-world examples of classroom lessons, help them become civically engaged,
Employment opportunities are changing. Education needs to facilitate teaching knowledge but there is a general consensus emerging in that we need a better way to prepare young minds for an uncertain future.
It has been prepared by independent external experts, who provide evidence based analysis of the national Research
40 5. 3 An open labour market for researchers...41 5. 4 Gender equality and gender mainstreaming in research...
Government indirect R&d funding includes tax incentives such as R&d tax credits, R&d allowances, reductions in R&d workers'wage taxes and social security contributions,
As for the nationally funded support schemes, one of the basic principles of the Law on Research and Technological Innovation (Act CXXXIV of 2004) was financed that publicly STI policy measures shall regularly be evaluated by independent experts.
This governing body consists of experts coming from the business, scientific and government sector and has the role to provide strategic advice for the planning and completion of the S3 strategy before government approval.
The main observations and findings of the analysis addressed mainly macroeconomic, fiscal and labour market issues,
Businesses have maintained their position as the largest employer of FTE researchers and reached 55.9%of the total in 2012,
while the share of all FTE R&d employees did so from 0. 79%to 0. 92%in the same period.
it is primarily the highly qualified, young workers, especially those with S&e degrees that are overrepresented within the group of Hungarians working abroad.
and keeping well trained professional employees. In conclusion, no‘quick fix'of the Hungarian STI governance system and institutional framework seems possible by taking into account of the above described shortcomings. 3. 3 Meeting structural challenges The overall paradoxical feature
Businesses have maintained their position as the largest employer of (FTE) researchers since 2006, reaching 55.9%in 2012,
According to the president of the MTA, the intention behind of this initiative is to attract the most outstanding experts,
This is the second time MTA's President has announced a competition to invite prominent international experts to Hungary.
As a result of the"Invitation 13"competition the guest researchers selected from among the most acclaimed experts around the world are going to spend 3 to 10 months in Hungary.
and should be further expanding to achieve a critical mass of initiatives. 5. 3 An open labour market for researchers Incoming
The employer can quit the employee in case the previous position terminated or the employer cannot offer similar position to the person coming back from maternity leave
and the person rejects the offered new position. At the same time the employer is obliged not to extend the employment period of a fixed-term contract.
Gender quotas have been discussed in various areas in order to reduce the gap between the representation of men and women in various professions and bodies,
According to this decree, the researchers and employees of the MTA-including researchers of the subsidised research units
and institutional assessment is carried out by panels consisting of domestic experts and doesn't follow international peer review criteria 2. Optimal transnational co-operation and competition Action 1:
and the Momentum programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences(-)No action or initiative could have been identified that support the introduction of foreign experts in peer reviews.
An open labour market for researchers Action 1: Remove legal and other barriers to the application of open,
Comprehensive assessment study about the operation of the Research and Technology Innovation Fund (KTIA) 01.01.2004-31.12.2009 Executive summary Government (2007:
as Chief Economic Adviser to the Indian government, I used, criticized, valued and debated the Doing Business report,
benefits for workers and labor dispute resolution ABOUT DOING BUSINESS 17 regulation relative to the performance of other economies as measured by Doing Business.
and employ fewer workers and these workers remain outside the protections of labor law. 7 Firms in the informal sector are also less likely to pay taxes.
Doing Business measures one set of factors that help explain the occurrence of informality and give policy makers insights into potential areas of regulatory reform.
The incorporation lawyers and other experts providing information to Doing Business are therefore better able to assess the process of starting a business than are individual firms.
In response to such feedback, the Doing Business team turns to the local private sector experts for further consultation and, as needed, corroboration.
And requirements that technical experts review the proposed plans before construction even begins can reduce the risk of structural failures later on.
In addition, it reduced employers'social security contribution rate in Shanghai and enhanced the electronic system for filing and paying taxes.
when eliminating a worker's position. Portugal's continual reforms in labor market regulation are in part a response to the economic downturn that followed the global financial crisis.
Finland made the redundancy process more flexible by eliminating the requirement to notify a third party before dismissing 1 redundant worker or a group of 9 redundant workers.
Portugal Finland eliminated the requirement to notify a third party before dismissing 1 or a group of 9 redundant employees.
Their employees benefit from social security protections. And the economy benefits from positive spillovers: where formal entrepreneurship is higher,
and concentrating residential development near job centers. A zoning plan can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by promoting an adequate and accessible public transportation system. 7 By ensuring that certain municipalities include new areas for housing development and new industries
In depth interview with an expert in the Stockholm Planning Department conducted by the Doing Business team on December 5, 2013;
or fail separately from the personal assets and interests of its members (whether owners, directors or employees).
and involve repetitive calculations for each employee and transaction. And consumption taxes in the form of VAT require filing information on both input and output ledgers.
and mandatory contributions borne by the employer (figure 10.6). ) Estonia increased the unemployment insurance contribution rate twice during 2009
Iceland increased the social security contribution rate for employers from 5. 34%to 7%in July 2009
good conscience) Limitations on disclaimers on implied warranties (guarantees that the item sold is merchantable and fit for the purpose intended) Limitations on clauses allowing termination at will (clauses usually included in employment agreements that permit an employee
or employer to terminate the employment relationship at any time for any or no reason at all) Limitations on clauses limiting liability,
which suspend all individual creditor actions during insolvency. b. The strength of legal rights index tests the level of priority of secured creditors'claims as compared with other claims tax claims, employee claims, judgments.
What Is the Impact of Labour market Regulation on Employment in LICS? How Does It Vary by Gender?
How Labor market Policies Can Combine Workers'Protection with Job creation: A Partial Review of Some Key Issues and Policy Options.
Has at least 10 and up to 50 employees 1 month after the commencement of operations all of them domestic nationals.
Interactions between company founders or company officers and employees are counted not as procedures. Procedures that must be completed in the same building
Has 60 builders and other employees, all of them nationals with the technical expertise and professional experience necessary to obtain construction permits and approvals.
Has at least 1 employee who is licensed a architect or engineer and registered with the local association of architects or engineers.
has paid all taxes and taken out all necessary insurance applicable to its general business activity (for example accidental insurance for construction workers and thirdperson liability).
Owns the land on which the warehouse will be built. Assumptions about the warehouse The warehouse: will be used for general storage activities, such as storage of books or stationery.
Procedures A procedure is any interaction of the company's employees or managers, or any party acting on behalf of the company,
with external parties, including government agencies, notaries, the land registry, the cadastre, utility companies and public inspectors or the hiring of private inspectors and technical experts apart from in-house architects and engineers.
Interactions between company employees, such as development of the warehouse plans and inspections conducted by employees,
Procedures A procedure is defined as any interaction of the company's employees or its main electrician or electrical engineer (that is,
Interactions between company employees and steps related to the internal electrical wiring, such as the design and execution of the internal electrical installation plans,
) The company's employees are assumed to complete all procedures themselves unless the use of a third party is mandated (for example,
Have 50 employees each, all of whom are nationals. Perform general commercial activities. Assumptions about the property The property:
Interactions between company officers and employees are considered not. All procedures that are legally or in practice required for registering property are recorded,
social contributions and labor taxes paid by the employer, property taxes, property transfer taxes, dividend tax, capital gains tax, financial transactions tax, waste collection taxes, vehicle and road taxes,
Assumptions about the worker Thworkr: Is cshir in suprmrkt or rocrstor. Is full-timmplo. Is not mmbr of thlbor union,
and payment of supplemental contributory pension and employee provident fund contributions and by introducing an online system for paying these 2 contributions.
Finland Labor market regulation Finland eliminated the requirement to notify a third party before dismissing a redundant employee or group of redundant employees.
Paying taxes Indonesia made paying taxes less costly for companies by reducing employers'health insurance contribution rate.
Paying taxes Kenya made paying taxes more costly for companies by increasing employers'social security contribution rate.
enhancing the electronic system for filing corporate income tax returns and reducing employers'social security contribution rate. Lithuania Starting a business Lithuania made starting a business easier by eliminating the need to have a company seal
Furthermore, Moldova increased the employers'health insurance contribution rate and introduced new filing requirements for VAT.
On the other hand, it increased employers'pension fund contribution rate. Enforcing contracts The Seychelles made enforcing contracts easier by establishing a commercial court,
Trinidad and tobago Starting a business Trinidad and tobago made starting a business easier by introducing online systems for employer registration and tax registration.
Paying taxes Turkey made paying taxes more costly for companies by increasing employers'social security contribution rate.
clarifying standards on the professional qualifications of insolvency practitioners and introducing provisions allowing the avoidance of undervalued transactions.
They are needed to protect workers from arbitrary or unfair treatment and to ensure efficient contracting between employers and workers.
They increase job stability and can improve productivity through employer-worker cooperation. They benefit both workers
and firms. 1 Labor market regulations encompass a wide spectrum, from rules governing individual employee contracts to those relating to collective action,
and can have a significant impact on economic growth and competitiveness. 2 That impact can be negative where regulatory interventions are insufficient or excessive,
so finding the right balance is essential. The World bank's World Development Report 2013 uses the term plateau to describe that balance,
leading to losses of employment in an economy or to its missing out on job-supporting agglomeration effects and knowledge spillovers. 3 Doing Business measures flexibility in the regulation of employment as it affects the hiring and redundancy of workers and the rigidity
No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit No limit No limit 12 No limit 60 No limit No limit No limit 60 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 0. 00 209.86 229.42 151.07 570.10 1, 462.19 113.29 2, 397.02 1, 555.92 133.35 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No Yes No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No No No No No No No No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit 60 No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit 48 No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 693.33 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 537.50 166.28 2, 368.12 384.79 63.30 66.98 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Health insurance for permanent employees? No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 24 24 No limit 24 24 No limit 36 No limit No limit 60 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 164.71 383.26 96.99 437.80 484.24 0. 00 233.18 63.42 2. 50 131.08 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 47 0
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
n. a. No Yes No No No No No No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
n. a. No No No No No No No No Yes Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
n. a. Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No No No Yes No No No No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 24 48 No limit 24 48 12 No limit No limit No limit 36 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 0. 00 56.06 1, 889.04 36.63 123.42 427.79 286.29 245.39 331.09 0. 00 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 00
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes No No No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Health insurance for permanent employees? No Yes No Yes..Yes Yes Yes Yes No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 48 24 12 24 No limit 30 108 No limit 24 No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 65.00 208.86 580.51 114.00 534.87 1, 250.12 544.80 0. 00 0. 00 348.27 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 1. 02
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit 24 No limit No limit 24 No limit 120 No limit No limit 60 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 295.71 388.02 0. 00 243.49 767.17 0. 00 457.92 0. 00 339.77 2, 287.55 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No Yes No Yes No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No No Yes Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 18 48 No limit 30 24 No limit No limit No limit No limit 24 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 1, 922.57 312.55 0. 00 24.25 0 0. 00 64.97 814.75 254.15 369.02 0. 00 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes No No No Yes No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No Yes No No No No No Yes Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 12 No limit No limit 24 No limit 60 24 No limit No limit 36 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 0. 00 166.41 154.48 455.04 794.99 453.74 1, 783.94 125.37 134.82 248.17 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 00 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No No Yes No No No No No Yes Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Health insurance for permanent employees? No No..
Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 36 No limit No limit No limit No limit 36 No limit No limit No limit No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 223.67 466.63 103.30 1, 809.66 1, 145.81 2, 035.74 250.12 1, 785.35 1, 682.62 257.29 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes..Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit No limit No limit 24 No limit No limit 60 No limit 36 24 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 127.87 241.39 0. 00 815.65 172.09 211.40 18.50 74.66 602.77 439.34 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 09 1. 72
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No Yes No No No No Yes No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes No Yes No..Yes Yes No Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit No limit 48 60 24 60 24 No limit No limit 24 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 158.70 52.00 336.11 382.61 3, 000.18 287.51 49.83 15.72 293.01 0. 00 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 73 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No..No No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 72 48 No limit 24 24 No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 63.20 952.98 421.63 105.50 241.90 174.50 174.50 357.38 110.72 125.46 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 56 0. 38 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Health insurance for permanent employees? No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 24 12 72 No limit No limit No limit 36 No limit No limit 48 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 196.66 278.46 139.33 0. 00 0. 00 95.03 1, 036.47 1, 980.93 200.12 57.18 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit No limit 48 No limit 9 9 No limit 12 No limit No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 111.17 111.17 3, 840.25 847.72 104.53 104.53 551.54 476.59 195.96 409.69 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 26 0. 26
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No Yes No No No No No No No Health insurance for permanent employees? No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 60 No limit No limit 66 No limit No limit 60 60 60 No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 275.86 304.93 535.52 754.09 1, 233.43 0. 00 251.28 390.11 274.56 0. 00 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 34
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No No No No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit 18 36 No limit 24 12 No limit No limit No limit 24 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 178.65 2, 836.26 0. 00 0. 00 189.28 232.46 421.86 4. 46 0. 00 470.54 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Health insurance for permanent employees? No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 24 No limit No limit 48 12 No limit No limit 24 No limit 48 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 1, 054.91 120.22 336.46 0. 00 1, 140.02 83.03 517.48 0. 00 239.96 82.42 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No No Health insurance for permanent employees? Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit No limit 24 120 60 12 No limit No limit No limit 36 Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 0. 00 174.92 0. 00 0. 00 260.64 649.31 50.25 65.73 251.34 104.95 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 00
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Health insurance for permanent employees? No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a 48 No limit No limit 48 No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 107.20 0. 00 337.80 280.46 569.33 2. 14 147.69 0. 00 1, 371.67 1, 379.37 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No Yes No No No No No No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Health insurance for permanent employees? No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Maximum length of fixed-term contracts (months) a No limit No limit 60 No limit 24 72 24 No limit No limit No limit Minimum wage for a full-time worker (US$
/month) b 1, 379.37 610.92 44.88 326.14 622.25 123.02 384.62 87.33 292.99 255.49 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 21 0. 31
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No n. a. No Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed?
No No No No n. a. No No No No Yes Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No Yes No n. a. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed?
No No Health insurance for permanent employees? No No No No No Yes No No No No Courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
which 0. 00 is shown have no minimum wage in the private sector. c. For 2 months a year in case of a seasonal increase in production. d. Average for workers with 1,
and generous input of a network of more than 10,700 local partners, including legal experts, business consultants, accountants, freight forwarders,
Albert Babayan MINISTRY OF ECONOMY Anush Baghdasaryan AVENUE CONSULTING GROUP Vahagn Balyan AVENUE CONSULTING GROUP Irina Belubekyan UNION OF MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESSMEN (EMPLOYERS
Ghazaryan UNION OF MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESSMEN (EMPLOYERS) OF ARMENIA Hayk Ghazazyan KPMG Suren Gomtsyan CONCERN-DIALOG LAW FIRM Armine Grigoryan THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE REAL PROPERTY CADASTRE
& LEGAL CONSULTANTS Ken Healy PWC BAHRAIN Brian Howard TROWERS & HAMLINS Hessa Hussain THE BENEFIT COMPANY Jeremy Ingham TROWERS & HAMLINS Jawad Habib
& ASSOCIATES Najma Mohammed MINISTRY OF MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN PLANNING Eman Omar ZU'BI & PARTNERS ATTORNEYS & LEGAL CONSULTANTS Hassan Ali Radhi HASSAN RADHI & ASSOCIATES
& PARTNERS ATTORNEYS & LEGAL CONSULTANTS Esmond Hugh Stokes ZU'BI & PARTNERS ATTORNEYS & LEGAL CONSULTANTS Waheed Sultan BAHRAIN INVESTORS CENTER Baiju Thomas
AGILITY LOGISTICS Muneera Zubari ZU'BI & PARTNERS ATTORNEYS & LEGAL CONSULTANTS Hatim S. Zu'bi ZU'BI & PARTNERS ATTORNEYS & LEGAL CONSULTANTS
Quamrul Hasan ADVISER'S LEGAL ALLIANCE FIRM Syed Afzal Hasan Uddin SYED ISHTIAQ AHMED & ASSOCIATES Ehsanul Hoque (Rasel) AIR MARKET EXPRESS Md.
AFRICA HANDLING AND LOGISTICS Magloire Daoudou CABINET DES EXPERTS ASSOCIÉS-CEA SARL G. Edibayo Dassoundo TRIBUNAL DE PREMIÈRE INSTANCE DE COTONOU
Olagnika Salam OFFICE NOTARIAL OLAGNIKA SALAM Adegbindin Saliou CABINET DES EXPERTS ASSOCIÉS-CEA SARL Moussa Sanogo BCEAO Nadege Sebapo SOCIÉTÉ
DES EXPERTS ASSOCIÉS-CEA SARL Emmanuel Yehouessi BCEAO BHUTAN BHUTAN POWER CORPORATION LTD. Bhakta Acharya Cheda UC ASSOCIATES:
Dolores Sonia Kimpwene ETUDE KABINDA-CABINET D'AVOCATS Baby Kitoko EXPERTS FREIGHT-RDC Marc Kongomayi Mulumba SOCIÉTÉ NATIONALE D'ELECTRICITÉ
Ktenas ANDREAS NEOCLEOUS & CO. LEGAL CONSULTANTS Olga Lambrou MOUAIMIS & MOUAIMIS LLC Pieris M. Markou DELOITTE Christos Mavrellis CHRYSSES DEMETRIADES & CO
LAW FIRM Aicha Youssouf Abdi CABINET CECA DOMINICA Kertist Augustus WATERFRONT AND ALLIED WORKERS UNION Joanne Commodore SUPREME COURT REGISTRY Lisa de Freitas
CONSULTANT Berhane Woldu SERVICE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH GROUP ESTONIA ELEKTRILEVI Ott Aava ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW BORENIUS Angela Agur MAQS LAW FIRM ESTONIA TALLINN
CORREIA AMENDOEIRA & ASSOCIADOS-SOCIEDADE DE ADVOGADOS RL Pélagie Massamba Mouckocko PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS TAX & LEGAL SA Jean-Joel Mebaley DESTINY EXECUTIVES ARCHITECTS
AND CONSULTANTS George Ahiafor XDSDATA GHANA LTD. Kweku Ainuson AB LEXMALL & ASSOCIATES Nana Akonu Amartey ANDAH AND ANDAH CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS Nene Amegatcher SAM OKUDZETO & ASSOCIATES Kennedy Paschal Anaba LAWFIELDS
, LETSA & ANKOMAH, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Stanley Mawuli Sallah ELECTRICITY COMPANY OF GHANA Wordsworth Odame Larbi INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT GHANA N. O. Odotei
MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Panos Lolonis HELLENIC CADASTRE AND MAPPING AGENCY Margarita Louka KREMALIS LAW FIRM, MEMBER OF IUS LABORIS Christos Makris CONSULTANT & DESIGN
, HUMAN SERVICES AND SOCIAL SECURITY Alvin Parag PAS CARGO GUYANA INC (PAS CARGO GROUP) Carolyn Paul AMICE LEGAL CONSULTANTS INC. Christopher Ram
Allyson West PWC Tonika Wilson PWC HAITI MÉROVÉ-PIERRE-CABINET D'EXPERTS-COMPTABLES Ronald Augustin LE CABINET AUGUSTIN Jean Baptiste
Aditi Bagri JURIS CORP Raghav Bansal RSB LEAGUE CONSULTANTS, ATTORNEYS & SOLICITORS Shashwat Bansal RSB LEAGUE CONSULTANTS, ATTORNEYS & SOLICITORS Subhash Bansal
RSB LEAGUE CONSULTANTS ATTORNEYS & SOLICITORS Sumitava Basu JURIS CORP Soumi Benerji FOX MANDAL & CO. Hetal Bhagat MEHTA & MEHTA Neeraj Bhagat NEERAJ BHAGAT & CO
NOTARIS & PPAT Widigdya Sukma Gitaya WSG TAX ADVISOR Indra Gunawan TATAGUNA MATRA ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Melanie Hadeli BAHAR & PARTNERS Fitri
Roy MAKARIM & TAIRA S. Mahesa Rumondor ADNAN KELANA HARYANTO & HERMANTO Isyana W. Sadjarwo Himawan Santoso ADHICIPTA ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Gatot Sanyoto
KUSNANDAR & CO. Nur Asyura Anggini Sari BANK INDONESIA Wiyono Sari WIYONO PARTNERSHIP Bambang Sartono ADHICIPTA ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Marinza Savanthy WIDYAWAN
SIMBOLON & PARTNERS LAW FIRM Agoes Soerarso TATAGUNA MATRA ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Nadia Soraya MD & PARTNERS Chris Joko Sriyanto Erna Sriyatmi NATIONAL
CONSULTANT CO.)Gholam Ali Asghari GREAT TEHRAN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANY (GTEDC) Toktam Aynehkar PERSOL CORPORATION Hamid Berenjkar OFFICE OF HAMID BERENJKAR Pouyan Bohloul BOHLOUL & ASSOCIATES LAW OFFICE Golsa Daghighi INTERNATIONAL LAW OFFICE OF DR. BEHROOZ AKHLAGHI & ASSOCIATES
MEMBER OF AMERELLER RECHTSANWÄLTE 282 DOING BUSINESS 2015 Stephan Stephan PWC JORDAN Khaled Yaseen AL-SAQER ADVISERS & LEGAL SERVICES Haythem Zayed PWC
& LEGAL CONSULTANTS Faris Allouzi KHALIFEH & PARTNERS LAWYERS Mohammad Al-Said NATHAN ASSOCIATES Essa Amawi AMAWI
& LEGAL CONSULTANTS Mohammed Amawi AMAWI & CO. ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS Khaled Asfour ALI SHARIF ZU'BI,
ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Michael T. Dabit MICHAEL T. DABIT & ASSOCIATES Anwar Elliyan THE JORDANIAN ELECTRIC POWER CO. LTD.
& TRANSIT KARGO Ola Khalil CENTRAL BANK OF JORDAN Hazem Khirfan ALI SHARIF ZU'BI, ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS,
ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Osama Y. Sabbagh THE JORDANIAN ELECTRIC POWER CO. LTD.
Madiyar Bekturganov ORIS LAW FIRM Arman Berdalin SAYAT ZHOLSHY & PARTNERS Talgat Bidaybekov OLYMPEX ADVISERS Aidyn Bikebayev SAYAT ZHOLSHY & PARTNERS Richard Bregonje
KAZAKHSTAN Yessen Massalin OLYMPEX ADVISERS Saida Moldasheva CRUZ LOGISTICS LLP Nazira Nurbayeva PWC KAZAKHSTAN Ruslan Omarov FIRST CREDIT BUREAU Bogdan Piskorskiy
ADVISERS Almas Tleupov INTEGRITES KAZAKHSTAN LLP Victoriya Trofimovich SIGNUM LAW FIRM Bakhyt Tukulov GRATA LAW FIRM Amir Tussupkhanov ORIS LAW FIRM Azim Usmanov
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INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS Abdullah Al-Ayoub ABDULLAH KH. AL-AYOUB & ASSOCIATES, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Omar Hamad Yousuf Al-Essa THE LAW OFFICE OF AL-ESSA & PARTNERS Nada F. A. Al
-Fahad GEC DAR GULF ENGINEERS CONSULTANTS Mishari M. Al-Ghazali THE LAW OFFICES OF MISHARI AL-GHAZALI AND RAWAN MISHARI AL-GHAZALI Rawan
Conka LATVIJAS BANKA Ainis Dabols LATVIAN ASSOCIATION OF TAX ADVISERS Valters Diure LAWIN, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Edvins Draba SORAINEN Zane D
EL MEOUCHI LAW FIRM, MEMBER OF INTERLEGES Rached Sarkis CONSULTANT Antoine Sfeir BADRI AND SALIM EL MEOUCHI LAW FIRM, MEMBER OF INTERLEGES Mona Sfeir HYAM
Refiloe Thulo K. R. CONSULTANTS LIBERIA AEP CONSULTANTS INC. Stephen Boakye PWC GHANA Golda A. Bonah Henry N. Brunson FEDEX F
-CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT Davis Njobvu SAVJANI & CO. Grant Nyirongo ELEMECH DESIGNS Donns Shawa RD CONSULTANTS Samuel Tembenu TEMBENU, MASUMBU & CO
Zakri Baharudin MALAYSIAN EMPLOYERS FEDERATION Anita Balakrishnan SHEARN DELAMORE & CO. Shamsuddin Bardan MALAYSIAN EMPLOYERS FEDERATION Abdul Murad Bin Che Chik ZAIN MEGAT & MURAD Mohd Nawawi bin
Hj Said Abdullah TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD Nawawi bin Hj. Said Abdullah ENERGY COMMISSION Ahmad Fuad bin Md Kasim TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD Che Adnan Bin Mohamad NADI CONSULT ERA SDN BHD Tahir
NAMIBIAN EMPLOYER'S FEDERATION Hugo Van den berg KOEP & PARTNERS NEPAL Anil Chandra Adhikari CREDIT INFORMATION BUREAU LTD.
Oluwapelumi Asiwaju G. ELIAS & CO. SOLICITORS AND ADVOCATES Popoola Atilola Omosanya LATEEF O. FAGBEMI SAN & CO. Olusola Ayodele NIGERIA EMPLOYERS'CONSULTATIVE
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS, A MEMBER FIRM OF PWC NETWORK Fiza Islam LEGIS INN ATTORNEYS & CORPORATE CONSULTANTS Muzaffar Islam LEGIS INN ATTORNEYS & CORPORATE CONSULTANTS Saila
& PARTNERS Faiza Muzaffar LEGIS INN ATTORNEYS & CORPORATE CONSULTANTS Saqib Naveed ANAYA SALT CRAFTS Jamal Panhwar TRAVEL AND CULTURE SERVICES Rizwan Pir
& LEGAL CONSULTANTS Rashed Albuflasa NOBLE GLOBAL LOGISTICS Ahmed Bin Khalid Al-Thani QATAR CREDIT BUREAU Maryam Bint Khalifa Al-Thani QATAR
CREDIT BUREAU Dina Al-Wahabit AL TAMIMI & COMPANY ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS Jason Arnedo NOBLE GLOBAL LOGISTICS Karim El Gebaily TALAL ABU GHAZALEH
& LEGAL CONSULTANTS Kristen M. Jarvis Johnson PATTON BOGGS LLP Upuli Kasthuriarachchi PWC QATAR Pradeep Kumar DIAMOND SHIPPING SERVICES Frank Lucente
& LEGAL CONSULTANTS Zaher Nammour DENTONS Sujani Nisansala PWC QATAR Neil O'brien PWC QATAR Michael Palmer PATTON BOGGS LLP Sony Pereira
PWC QATAR Zain Al Abdin Sharar QATAR FINANCIAL MARKETS AUTHORITY (QFMA) Yuenping Wong AL TAMIMI & COMPANY ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS ROMANIA Adelina
Aldebs PWC SAUDI ARABIA Abdullah Al-Hashim AL-JADAAN & PARTNERS LAW FIRM Omar Alhoshan ALHOSHAN CPAS & CONSULTANTS
Aziz Zaibag ALZAIBAG CONSULTANTS Soudki Zawaydeh PWC SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SENELEC Khaled Abou El Houda CABINET KANJO KOITA Bassambie Bationo BCEAO
Denny Dunsford MINISTRY OF MANPOWER Miah Fok CREDIT BUREAU SINGAPORE PTE. LTD. Sandy Foo DREW NAPIER Stephanie Kam MINISTRY OF TRADE & INDUSTRY You Ying Karen Hsu WONG TAN & MOLLY LIM LLC Soo How Koh PWC
F. J. & G. DE SARAM, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Ayomi Fernando EMPLOYERS'FEDERATION OF CEYLON P. N. R. Fernando COLOMBO MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
COUNCIL Ravi Peiris EMPLOYERS'FEDERATION OF CEYLON Dayaratne Perera COLOMBO MUNICIPAL COUNCIL K. L. G. Thilak Perera DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS Nissanka Perera
Nihal Rodrigo SRI LANKA EMPLOYEES'TRUST FUND DEPARTMENT Shane Silva JULIUS & CREASY Volya Siriwardana TIRUCHELVAM ASSOCIATES Priya Sivagananathan JULIUS & CREASY Bharatha Subasinghe
D. P. R. CONSULTANTS PVT. LIMITED A. H. Sumathipala NEELAKANDAN & NEELAKANDAN Harshana Suriyapperuma SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF SRI LANKA J. M. Swaminathan JULIUS & CREASY Bandula S. Tilakasena CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD Neil
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OF FINANCE Renato Guerra de Almeida MIRANDA CORREIA AMENDOEIRA & ASSOCIADOS Eusebio Guterres UNIDO BUSINESS REGULATORY CONSULTANT Zeca Guterres SDV LOGISTICS Aaron
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