what became the Expert Patients Programme in the U k. National Health Service); similarly the open-source methods have taken models from academia
Co-designing DSI policies We have been experimenting participatory methodology to engage practicioners, experts and policy makers in the generation of DSI policy policy ideas, issuse and future scenarios.
The workshop brought together over 70 DSI practitioners, experts, and policy makers from different European countries. As main outcome of the workshop, were identified
culminating with our final DSI event with more than 400 DSI policy makers, experts and practitioners in Brussels, December 16, 2014.
crowdmapping actors and networks'with presentations and panel discussion from European DSI experts. The primary focus of the session was to engage the DSI community in kicking off the DSI research
experts and practitioners from across Europe to discuss and develop policy ideas for supporting digital social innovation.
The summit brought together 198 experts (157 domestic and 41 international) in order to generate policy proposals to boost the productive exchange matrix in Ecuador.
private and public sectors and high-tech experts in Northern ireland can capitalise on the potential for digital technology for social good.
and designated experts (technocrats) Knowledge and information from inside and outside the organizational boundaries of governments Decision making principle Rationale and based on traditional information sources Behavioural, design-led
and 6) competition platforms (that are becoming more popular to source experts and expertise in different areas.
The workshop brought together over 70 DSI practitioners, researchers, experts, and policy makers from different European countries,
issues To summarise the preliminary themes that have emerged from the community of experts and practitioners of DSI, there are a number of perceived future Internet threats (such as concentration of power and surveillance),
and imposed by experts mediating on behalf of the users. The formal languages used have a high expressive power
but due to their complexity the codification requires mediation by experts. As a consequence, due to the scarcity of human resources, very limited aspects of the‘real world'have been described.
in contrast to the approach of establishing formal ontologies by domain experts. Loose associations of concepts and a greater flexibility and adaptability in organising information links are based on a minimum level of shared meaning that allows the emergence of cooperation among users.
but less relevant to this discussion. 27) The acronym FLOSS stands For free/Libre/Open-source Software 28) An‘epistemic community'is a network of knowledge-based experts or groups with an authoritative claim to policy
The indicators reported here for Spain are based on a set of specific procedures the steps that a company must complete to legally build a warehouse identified by Doing Business through information collected from experts in construction licensing,
The case study assumes that the court hears an expert on the quality of the goods in dispute.
*Court appointment of independent expert: Judge appoints, either at the parties'request or at his own initiative, an independent expert to decide
whether the quality of the goods Plaintiff delivered to Defendant is adequate. see assumption 5-b 17 Notification of court-appointment of independent expert:
The court notifies both parties that the court is appointing an independent expert (see assumption 5-b).*Delivery of expert report by court-appointed expert:
The independent expert, appointed by the court, delivers his or her expert report to the court (see assumption 5-b). 18 Pretrial conference on procedure:
The judge meets with the parties to discuss procedural issues (for example which applications and motions parties intend to file,
Witnesses and a court-appointed independent expert may be heard and questioned at the oral hearing. 23 Adjournments:
The court or court-appointed valuation expert evaluates the attached goods. 38 Call for public auction:
and experts from the ILO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), civil society and the private sector to review the methodology for the labor market regulation indicators
Morrell Fellow of the Berkman Centre, Researcher, Institute of Govern and Public Policies (AUB) Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG;
Consultant Logicadaniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundationsimona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledgemarkkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe
Secondary sources were used to understand the position and significance of the organisations whilst other key players, such as DSI experts,
and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories.
and share it in a peer-to-peer manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group.
A commission of independent experts involving both grassroots activists and government employees gathered from across the city,
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites,
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website without again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs
This will be conducted using interviews with experts, which identify the main failures and shortcomings. These shortcomings will be matched with the design methodology
and who hire the founders as consultants. What were the main barriers to innovate? Many questioned if it would be possible to forge a sustainable business model considering the entire basis for Arduino relies upon open source technologies (in fact,
Good results in terms of applications that solve problems need the input of domain experts. Generic coding skills lead to beautiful visualisations, not more.
A lot of effort is spent is connecting data owners, technicians and domain experts. This pays off in the end.
The code for the informational part of Healthcare. gov the frontend of the site was written by a Washington, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants.
or meet the experts of the City of Vienna, as well as an online forum. In 2012 two participation projects based around ideas of‘collaborative democracy'took place:
Schwedenplatz (where citizens came together with experts as part of a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission statement to regenerate the Schwedenplatz area.
and active comments have been asked for from countless experts and copyright organisations. A number of factors surrounding copyright law in Finland demonstrate how it is an example of an initiative likely to gather the critical mass necessary for it to be voted on in parliament.
Having been reviewed by these volunteer experts the Open Ministry's law proposals are more compatible
and to provide collaboration tools that enable citizens to develop their ideas into actual law proposals with the help of volunteer experts.
just as volunteers make up a body of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated on in parliament.
and collaborate in partnership with voluntary legal and campaign experts. The Open Ministry also encourages users to sign
Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversation when the question of how to release
Morrell Fellow of the Berkman Centre, Researcher, Institute of Govern and Public Policies (AUB) Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG;
Consultant Logicadaniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundationsimona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledgemarkkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe
Secondary sources were used to understand the position and significance of the organisations whilst other key players, such as DSI experts,
and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories.
and share it in a peer-to-peer manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group.
A commission of independent experts involving both grassroots activists and government employees gathered from across the city,
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites,
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website without again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs
This will be conducted using interviews with experts, which identify the main failures and shortcomings. These shortcomings will be matched with the design methodology
and who hire the founders as consultants. What were the main barriers to innovate? Many questioned if it would be possible to forge a sustainable business model considering the entire basis for Arduino relies upon open source technologies (in fact,
Good results in terms of applications that solve problems need the input of domain experts. Generic coding skills lead to beautiful visualisations, not more.
A lot of effort is spent is connecting data owners, technicians and domain experts. This pays off in the end.
The code for the informational part of Healthcare. gov the frontend of the site was written by a Washington, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants.
or meet the experts of the City of Vienna, as well as an online forum. In 2012 two participation projects based around ideas of‘collaborative democracy'took place:
Schwedenplatz (where citizens came together with experts as part of a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission statement to regenerate the Schwedenplatz area.
and active comments have been asked for from countless experts and copyright organisations. A number of factors surrounding copyright law in Finland demonstrate how it is an example of an initiative likely to gather the critical mass necessary for it to be voted on in parliament.
Having been reviewed by these volunteer experts the Open Ministry's law proposals are more compatible
and to provide collaboration tools that enable citizens to develop their ideas into actual law proposals with the help of volunteer experts.
just as volunteers make up a body of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated on in parliament.
and collaborate in partnership with voluntary legal and campaign experts. The Open Ministry also encourages users to sign
Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversation when the question of how to release
In the second half of 2012, discussions started within the Expert Group on ECOMMERCE9 about the modalities of the pilot project.
Two experts'workshops on N&a procedures. Participants in these workshops, working e g. for hosting service providers
A workshop with ADR experts took place in Brussels on 28 february 2012. The Commission services also met bilaterally with stakeholders.
consultants or can be completed by other technical or business functions as part of other responsibilities. In smaller companies design, market research and R&d may be integrated fairly closely.
diverse concepts and involve stakeholders/experts. Reward buy in when eco-innovative ideas are implemented. Choose whether to pursue patents to protect the novel function,
do need you to set up a partnership with consultants or companies that posses this expertise? do need you to train yourself
, innovation experts and eco-innovative cluster organisations. Among many support schemes it has one that helps SMES with developing
. and Cambridge, UK Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R is a registered trademark. 3 Abbreviations BEPA Bureau of European Policy Advisers EGDI e-government development
which was harnessed through a Delphi with international participants as well as through a series of semi-structured interviews with experts from academia and think tanks,
In 2012, the Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) commissioned RAND Europe to investigate further the theme of societal changes by drawing from the experience of the pilot project,
which stand in contrast to the consensus. The second phase of the research (expert consultation) harnessed the knowledge of leading experts worldwide for each of the themes studied through an approach based on the Delphi method.
Schummer 2010). 1 Experts consulted in the Delphi 1 Castells (2011) defines the network society as‘an informational society with networks serving as the basic structure of organisation pervading all spheres
Bureau of European Policy Advisers, Empowering people, driving change: Social innovation in the European union, European commission, Buerau of European Policy Advisors, 2010.
and Melling, K.,Gender inequalities in the risks of poverty and social exclusion for disadvantaged groups in thirty European countries, Expert Group on Gender, Social Inclusion and Employment report, Luxembourg:
A synthesis of research findings for policy-makers, An independent report submitted to the European commission by the NESSE network of experts, 2008 As of 21 august 2014:
in addition to 1, 132 survey respondents and numerous global and European experts from academia and civil society.
advisers and enablers who transfer know-how and create opportunities for growth. Figure 4: A Life cycle Model for Entrepreneurship6 Source:
and only 41%perceived them as somewhat or very favourable (see Figure 7). These results are more positive than many experts engaged in the project expected.
Many European venture capital experts say the sector is stronger than the long-term data indicate. Today
Enterprise Estonia has established a network of salaried professional export advisers residing in major target markets,
Global Shapers Hub, Lisbon We should create a board of mentors and advisers for young European changemakers.
Papers, No. 9 Fostering Innovation-driven Entrepreneurship in Europe 59 Acknowledgements Adviser and Knowledge Partner:
Young Global Leader Luis Alvarez Satorre, Chief executive officer, Global Services, BT, United kingdom Tobias Schmidtke, Senior Consultant, A t. Kearney, Germany Bohuslav Sobotka
Co-Director, Centre on China Innovation, China Europe International Business school (CEIBS), People's republic of china Krisztina Z Holly, Adviser, National Advisory Council for Innovation and Entrepreneurship
, USA Daniel Isenberg, Professor of Entrepreneurship Practice, Babson Executive Education, Babson college, USA Guriqbal Singh Jaiya, Director-Adviser, Innovation and Technology Sector, World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Geneva Eric Kacou, Cofounder, Entrepreneurial Solutions Partners (ESPARTNERS), USA Harkesh Kumar Mittal, Adviser and Head, National Science
It draws from papers prepared for the OECD by a number of experts, in particular: David Audretsch, Bart Clarysse and Vincent Duchêne.
many experts predicted the demise of SME competitiveness as globalisation increased. While many SMES have succumbed indeed to a deterioration of competitiveness,
and research oriented consultancies which include engineering services, technology consultants, and (2) R&d boutiques. As shown in table 1,
which are made easier by the mobility of workers and technicians, the activity of technical consultants,
In most national technology programmes, technical consultants are permitted frequently not to participate as contractors, so this category of SME is excluded often national R&d grant programmes,
These organisations are typically technical consultants and count R&d as a non-core activity. Looking at firm growth rates during the three-year period preceding the study,
(or have a network of technical experts) who are trained to perform technological due diligence. The venture capitalists are more specialised in assessing business potential than technological viability.
Technical experts in public research bodies or institutions are not of much assistance as their speciality is high end,
Because the mind set separating the world of technical experts and that of entrepreneurs is so large,
In some countries such as the US, technical and business consultants are important carriers of innovation to SMES
In addition to Marco Marchese and Jonathan Potter of the OECD LEED Secretariat, the review team consisted of the following experts:
The study was carried out by an international review panel consisting of 6 international experts and 2 members of the Secretariat of the OECD LEED Programme.
Review panel visit The OECD Secretariat led an international panel of experts in a one-week peer review visit in Andalusia from 12 to 16 april 2010.
It utilized FUNDACION EMPRENDE s schools as well as a network of 250 consultants. The main IT solutions offered were antivirus (to 29%of clients), business management software (to 28%)and web and email (to 19%.
Baumgartner and Caliendo, 2007, p. 26) Reasons for success Business experts must examine the start-up concept
Such experts could include the Chambers of Industry and Commerce, Chambers of Crafts, Professional organisations, Expert Associations such as Business Development Service Providers and Financial institutions.
In the future, any regional organisation interested in relaunching this professional profile may want to widen the circle of advisers to include those with more business experience in particular sectors who are able to provide specific industry knowledge and practical problem-solving abilities.
400 associates, including more than 1, 480 research analysts and consultants, and clients in 85 countries
and problems of which an expert with only a general training might miss. We would add that
Indicators could also be weighted based on experts'opinion, who know policy priorities and theoretical backgrounds, to reflect the multiplicity of stakeholders'viewpoints.
This decision can be based both on experts'opinion (e g. experts in the relevant field will tell which indicators better capture the sustainability or the quality of the education) and on the statistical structure of the dataset.
e N is the total number of experts surveyed. Method Equation 1. Ranking I Rank (xt) qc tqc=2. Standardization (or z-scores) t qc ct qc c tt qc qc
Indicators could also be weighted based on the opinion of experts, who know policy priorities and theoretical backgrounds,
since experts are asked to assign weights (i e. priorities) to sub-indicators. Benefit of the doubt approach This methodology,
Endogenous weighting has the risk of substituting open experts'opinions with the analyst's manipulation of weights (through the constraints.
which experts are given a budget of N points, to be distributed over a number of sub-indicators,
Selection of experts for the valuation; Allocation of budget to the sub-indicators; Calculation of the weights;
It is essential to bring together experts that have a wide spectrum of knowledge, experience and concerns,
A case study in which 400 German experts in 1991 were asked to allocate a budget to several environmental indicators related to an air pollution problem showed very consistent results,
in spite of the fact that the experts came from opposing social spheres like the industrial sector and the environmental sector (Jesinghaus in:
Special care should be given in the identification of the population of experts from which to draw a sample,
stratified or otherwise. 67 Budget allocation Advantages Disadvantages Weighting is based on experts'opinion and not on technical manipulations.
Experts'opinions are likely to increase the legitimacy of the composite and create a forum of discussion around
Allocating a certain budget over a too large number of indicators can give serious cognitive stress to the experts
if the expert feels that not enough has been made to abate them). Examples of use Employment Outlook (OECD, 1999) Composite Indicator on E-business Readiness (EC-JRC, 2004b.
2001) Eco-indicator 99 (Pré-Consultants NL, 2000)( weights based on survey from experts. Overall Health System Attainment (WHO, 2000)( weights based on survey from experts) 6. 1. 6 Public opinion Instead of letting experts determine the weights of the indicators in an index,
one could ask the general public. Parker (1991, p. 95-98) argues that public opinion polls have been employed extensively for many years for many purposes,
The exercise was carried out at JRC interviewing experts in the field. 0. 085 0. 102 0. 072 0. 209 0. 045 0. 063 0. 178 0
it operates with people (experts, politicians, citizens) who are asked to choose which set of sub-indicators they prefer,
f) Participatory methods constitute a way to involve experts, citizens or politicians in the issue.
g) Expert judgement is adopted when it is essential to bring together experts that have a wide spectrum of knowledge, experience and concerns,
so as to ensure that a proper weighting system is found for a given application. The budget allocation is optimal for a maximum number of 10-12 indicators.
this method can give serious cognitive stress to the experts who are asked to allocate the budget.
and BAL are given by the experts, we sample the expert rather than the weight to preserve coherence among weights,
e g. to avoid generating combinations of weights that no expert would have advocated for. 87 F
. When using BOD, the exclusion of an indicator leads to a total rerun of the optimisation algorithm.
Imagine a very low weight is assigned by an expert to a sub-indicator q. Every time we select that expert in a run of the Monte carlo simulation,
5 X Scheme 1 BAL 2 AHP 3 BOD The last uncertain factor 6 X is used to select the expert.
In our experiment we had 20 expert, and once an expert is selected at runtime via the trigger 6 X,
the weights assigned by that expert (either for the BAL or AHP schemes) are assigned to the data.
Clearly the selection of the expert has no bearing when BOD is selected (3 5 X=).All the same this uncertain factor will be generated at each individual Monte carlo simulation.
This is because the row dimension of the Monte carlo sample (called constructive dimension) should be fixed in a Monte carlo experiment
and of the (lack of) consensus among experts on how TAI should be built, we would have to conclude that TAI is not a robust measure of country technology achievement. 0 5 10 15 20 25 Finland United states Sweden Japan Korea,
Rep. of Variance of country rank Non-additive Expert selection Weighting Scheme Aggregation System Exclusion/Inclusion Normalisation Figure 7. 2. Sensitivity analysis results
, Rep. of Total effect sensitivity index Expert Weighting Aggregation Exclusion/Inclusion Normalisation Figure 7. 3. Sensitivity analysis results based on the total effect indices.
0. 288 Expert selection 0. 068 0. 402 0. 334 Sum 0. 499 1. 597 0 200 400 600 800
. 410 Expert selection 0. 202 0. 592 0. 390 Sum 0. 550 1. 453 7. 3 Conclusions We now go back to our questions on the effect of uncertainties:(
and of the experts that together with indicator inclusion exclusion, dominates the uncertainty in the country ranks.
It is recommended also particularly to students, university lecturers, researchers and indicator experts. The Dashboard includes maps of all continents
Pré Consultants (2000) The Eco-indicator 99. A damage oriented method for life cycle impact assessment. http://www. pre. nl/eco-indicator99/ei99-reports. htm 110.
Measurement Standard B2c E-commerce Round tables Meetings in 8 European cities for e-commerce experts and invitees 2,,
By means of figures that are based on the Global Online Measurement Standard for B2c E-commerce (GOMSEC), interviews with e-commerce experts and clear tables and infographics,
In addition, we are very grateful to the experts across the world who selflessly invested their time
000 market research experts combine their passion with Gfk's 80 years of data science experience. By using innovative technologies and data sciences,
and more than 400 payments experts help our clients elevate their payment strategies to become a strategic asset to their companies.
Customers Suppliers Competitors Scientific journals Consultants Universities Public research institute manufacturing total R&d intensive industries Note:
Based on the literature and input from experts, each KET has been defined by a list of IPC codes
and technology outlooks which have been produced by various industry analysts and consultants in recent years. The main purpose of this exercise is to determine how large market volumes in the medium term (e g. 2015/2020) for KETS
and specialist consultants. System characteristics have to be supportive, including the right infrastructure, well-trained staff,
as are people who have the skills to form a productive team of experts from different backgrounds.
and the Federal government to attract highly qualified experts, notably from the United kingdom. In the 1970s and 1980s a vibrant cluster emerged around the quickly developing market for telecommunications equipment driven by a number of spin-offs from large firms in the region.
and property advisers, and regional biotechnology associations. Finally, they want to associate the new company with the image of Cambridge as a leading scientific centre. 55 Market demand Next to the relatively easy access to financial resources and markets in London,
a range of professional advisers and services (including biotechnology associations), a culture that respects risks,
In a similar vein, the maturity and success of the cluster has attracted all sorts of professional services to the area (think of specialist lawyers, brokers, marketing experts,
with investments from the former amounting to 19%of total FDI investment flows to the EU. 4 Expert group to the European commission,
'report of an independent expert group chaired by Mr Esko Aho. 13 Tsipouri, L. Paper presented at the European commission Mutual Learning seminar,
2012.14 Expert group report to the European commission, 2009,‘Le monde en 2025. La montée en puissance de l'Asie et la transition socio-écologique'.
'15 Expert group report to the European commission, 2007, report of the taskforce on sustainable construction. 16 Expert group report to the European commission, 2008,‘Challenging Europe's Research:
Rationales for the European Research Area (ERA'.'18 Europe's compet it ive technology prof i l e in the global ised knowledge economy Figure 14:
2000 11 19 See the report of the independent expert group on R&d and Innovation chaired by Mr Esko Aho,
The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford, UK Expert group report to the European commission,
chaired by Mr Esko Aho (2005)‘ Creating an Innovative Europe'Expert group report to the European commission (2007)‘ Accelerating the Development of the Sustainable Construction Market in Europe,
'COM (2007) 860 final Expert group report to the European commission (2008)‘ Challenging Europe's Research:
Rationales for the European Research Area (ERA)' Expert group report to the European commission (2009)‘ Le monde en 2025.
For the past two and a half years she has been working as a strategy consultant at Atos.
leading Chinese telecommunications company CIOS Subject matter experts See demographics for a full overview of the research methodology.
whether from their peers, external consultants, the print media, online webcasts or others. They are interested strongly in building their career upon management skills.
, Zooplus 2007 2012 Consultant Business and Information Strategy, Capgemini Consulting 2007 2012 Post graduate Management, Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg 2002 2006
Consultant, Centrum für betriebliche Informationssysteme 2001 2002 Product Portfolio Manager, Atraxis (Swissair) 2000 2001 Consultant Strategic Product Management, Lufthansa Systems
From our interviews with leading experts and CIOS, we gathered advice and guidance on how to prepare for a digital world
We also conducted detailed interviews with a range of CIOS and IT experts, to add additional context to our data and findings.
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