Acknowledgements 5 Executive Summary 7 1. Introduction 8 2. City Competitiveness in the Global economy: Megatrends 12 3. City Competitiveness:
and Director, European Centre for International Political economy, Brussels The Competitiveness of Cities 5 Executive Summary Cities have been the engines of productivity and growth throughout history,
Professor Klaus Schwab Executive Chairman Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martín Chief Advisor of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network Espen Barth Eide Managing director
and Cecilia Serin 1. 3 The Executive Opinion Survey: 85 The Voice of the Business community by Ciara Browne, Attilio Di Battista, Thierry Geiger,
Technical and Marketing Director and Analyst Habib Sy, Director Général Mauritius Board of Investment, Mauritius Manaesha Fowdar, Investment Executive, Competitiveness Khoudijah Maudarbocus-Boodoo
Chan, Assistant Managing director, Planning & Policy Cheng Wai San, Director, Research & Statistics Unit Teo Xinyu, Executive, Research & Statistics Unit 2014 World
Hassen, Executive Counsellor Turkey TUSIAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum Izak Atiyas, Director Ozan Bakis, Project Consultant Sezen Ugurlu, Project Specialist
The Partner Institutes are instrumental in carrying out the Executive Opinion Survey which provides the foundation data of this Report as well as imparting the results of the Report at the national level.
Furthermore, the GCI uses data from the World Economic Forum's annual Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) to capture concepts that require a more qualitative assessment or for
Respondents to the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 cited the difficulty of finding qualified workers as the single most problematic factor for doing business in the country.
which introduced additional checks and balances on executive power, Kenya has registered also improvements in the institutions pillar (now at 78th, up from 123rd five years ago).
Indicators that are derived not from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) are identified by an asterisk(*)in the following pages.
Findings from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) show that the stringency of regulations has increased by more than 0. 1 points in the last 10 years,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, multiple years. Note: Full Survey questions are provided here: Stringency of environmental regulations:
STRUCTURE OF THE SUSTAINABILITY PILLARS The computation of the sustainability components is based on an arithmetic mean aggregation of scores from the indicator level. b Variables that are derived not from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) are identified by an asterisk(*)in the following pages.
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report.
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World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report. 2014 World Economic Forum 2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 85 CHAPTER
1. 3 The Executive Opinion Survey: The Voice of the Business community CIARA BROWNE ATTILIO DI BATTISTA THIERRY GEIGER TANIA GUTKNECHT World Economic Forum Since 1979 and its first report on the competitiveness of European industry
The Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey) is the longest-running and most extensive survey of its kind.
The Executive Opinion Survey 86 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 Table 1: The 42 languages in which the 2014 Survey was available Albanian Arabic*Armenian Azeri Bosnian Brazilian Portuguese Bulgarian Burmese Chinese*Croatian*Czech*Danish Estonian*English
Descriptive statistics of the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 Source: International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook database, April 2014 edition.
The Executive Opinion Survey this year. The Survey was completed not to minimum requirements in Benin, Brunei Darussalam,
Country/economy coverage of the Executive Opinion Survey n Previous coverage n 2014 additions 2014 World Economic Forum First component*Second component:
The Executive Opinion Survey 88 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 2014 World Economic Forum Table 2:
The Executive Opinion Survey 2014 World Economic Forum 1. 3: The Executive Opinion Survey 90 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 administered in a variety of formats,
including face-to-face or telephone interviews with business executives, mailed paper forms, and online surveys. For energy, time,
A brief history of the Executive Opinion Survey and The Global Competitiveness Report The Global Competitiveness Report began as a research project by Professor Klaus Schwab in 1979.
and is today known as the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey). Over the years, it has undergone a number of revisions and audits,
The Executive Opinion Survey undertaken two audits since 2008 as well as yearly reviews of both the Index and the Survey.
The Executive Opinion Survey 92 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 Box 3: Insights from the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 The respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey largely reflect the characteristics and diversity of the economic fabric of the countries covered.
They also demonstrate the efforts undertaken by the Partner Institutes to follow the sampling guidelines.
the Survey aims to collect the opinion of executives from those smaller companies (Figure 1a).
they are executives who have taken previously part in the Survey (Figure 1d). This improves the comparability of data across years. 0 20406080100 Sub-saharan africa Middle east, North africa,
The Executive Opinion Survey the standardized score or z-score method, which indicates by how many standard deviations any one individual answer deviates from the mean of the country sample.
The Executive Opinion Survey 94 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 time. As part of this analysis, we run an inter-quartile range test,
The Executive Opinion Survey measure, we will continue to investigate the situation over the coming months in an effort to improve the reliability of the Survey data in this country.
the Executive Opinion Survey has become the largest poll of its kind, this year collecting the insight of more than 14,000 executives into critical drivers of their respective countries'development.
This scale could not be achieved without the tremendous efforts of the Forum's network of over 160 Partner Institutes in carrying out the Survey at a national level.
The Executive Opinion Survey 96 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 NOTES 1 The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network would like to acknowledge e-Rewards Market research
for carrying out the Executive Opinion Survey 2014 in the United states, following the detailed sampling guidelines.
Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 395 EXECUTIVE OPINION SURVEY INDICATORS In the tables, indicators derived from the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey
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components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question: In your country, how common is it for firms to make undocumented extra payments or bribes in connection with (a) imports and exports;(
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In the case of indicators derived from the Executive Opinion Survey (the Survey), the full question and associated answers are provided.
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Technical Notes and Sources 1. 02 Intellectual property protection In your country, how strong is the protection of intellectual property,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 03 Diversion of public funds In your country, how common is diversion of public funds to companies, individuals,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 04 Public trust in politicians In your country, how would you rate the ethical standards of politicians?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 05 Irregular payments and bribes Average score across the five components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question:
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 06 Judicial independence In your country, to what extent is the judiciary independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials In your country, to what extent do government officials show favoritism to well-connected firms and individuals when deciding upon policies and contracts?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 08 Wastefulness of government spending In your country, how efficiently does the government spend public revenue?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources 538 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 1
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes In your country, how efficient is the legal framework for private businesses in settling disputes?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations In your country, how easy is it for private businesses to challenge government actions
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 12 Transparency of government policymaking In your country, how easy is it for businesses to obtain information about changes in government policies
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 13 Business costs of terrorism In your country, to what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 14 Business costs of crime and violence In your country, to what extent does the incidence of crime
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 15 Organized crime In your country, to what extent does oriented organized crime (mafia racketeering,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 16 Reliability of police services In your country, to what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 17 Ethical behavior of firms In your country, how would you rate the corporate ethics of companies (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards In your country,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 19 Efficacy of corporate boards In your country, how would you characterize corporate governance by investors and boards of directors?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 20 Protection of minority shareholders'interests In your country, to what extent are the interests of minority shareholders protected by the legal system?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1. 21 Strength of investor protection Strength of Investor Protection Index on a 0 10 (best) scale 2013 This indicator is a combination
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 02 Quality of roads In your country, how would you assess the quality of roads?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 03 Quality of railroad infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of the railroad system?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 04 Quality of port infrastructure In your country, how would you assess the quality of seaports?(
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 539 2
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 06 Available airline seat kilometers Airline seat kilometers (in millions) available on all flights (domestic
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2. 08 Mobile telephone subscriptions Number of mobile telephone subscriptions per 100 population 2013 A mobile telephone subscription refers to a subscription to a public
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 03 Tuberculosis incidence Estimated number of tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population 2013 Incidence of tuberculosis is estimated the number
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 05 HIV prevalence HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15 49 years 2013 HIV
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 07 Infant mortality Infant (children aged 0 12 months) mortality per 1, 000 live births 2013
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 4. 10 Primary education enrollment rate Net primary education enrollment rate 2012 The reported value corresponds to the ratio of children
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 04 Quality of math and science education In your country, how would you assess the quality of math and science education?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 05 Quality of management schools In your country, how would you assess the quality of business schools?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 06 Internet access in schools In your country, how widespread is Internet access in schools?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 07 Local availability of specialized research and training services In your country, to what extent are specialized high-quality
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 5. 08 Extent of staff training In your country, to what extent do companies invest in training and employee development?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Pillar 6: Goods market efficiency 6. 01 Intensity of local competition In your country, how intense is competition in the local markets?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 02 Extent of market dominance In your country, how would you characterize corporate activity?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 03 Effectiveness of antimonopoly policy In your country, to what extent does antimonopoly policy promote competition?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest In your country,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 05 Total tax rate This indicator is a combination of profit tax(%of profits),
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 09 Prevalence of trade barriers In your country, to what extent do non-tariff barriers (e g.,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 10 Trade tariffs Trade-weighted average tariff rate 2013 An applied tariff is a customs duty that is levied on imports of merchandise
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 12 Business impact of rules on FDI In your country, to what extent do rules
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 13 Burden of customs procedures In your country, how efficient are the customs procedures (related to the entry and exit of merchandise?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 14 Imports as a percentage of GDP Imports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2013 Total imports is the sum
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 6. 16 Buyer sophistication In your country, how do buyers make purchasing decisions?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Pillar 7: Labor market efficiency 7. 01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations In your country, how would you characterize labor-employer relations?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 02 Flexibility of wage determination In your country, how are wages generally set?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 03 Hiring and firing practices In your country, how would you characterize the hiring and firing of workers?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 04 Redundancy costs Redundancy costs in weeks of salary 2013 This indicator estimates the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 06 Pay and productivity In your country, to what extent is pay related to worker productivity?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 07 Reliance on professional management In your country, who holds senior management positions?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 08 Country capacity to retain talent Does your country retain talented people?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report 2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 7. 10 Female participation in the labor force Ratio of women to men in the labor force 2012 This measure is the percentage of women aged
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 02 Affordability of financial services In your country, to what extent are financial services affordable for businesses?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 03 Financing through local equity market In your country,
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 04 Ease of access to loans In your country, how easy is it to obtain a bank loan with only a good business plan and no collateral?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 05 Venture capital availability In your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 06 Soundness of banks In your country, how would you assess the soundness of banks?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 07 Regulation of securities exchanges In your country, how effective are the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 8. 08 Legal rights index Degree of legal protection of borrowers
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 9. 02 Firm-level technology absorption In your country, to what extent do businesses adopt new technology?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 9. 03 FDI and technology transfer To what extent does foreign direct investment (FDI) bring new technology into your country?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 9. 04 Internet users Percentage of individuals using the Internet 2013 Internet users refers to people using the Internet from any device (including mobile phones) during the year under review.
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.02 Local supplier quality In your country, how would you assess the quality of local suppliers?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.03 State of cluster development In your country, how widespread are developed well and deep clusters (geographic concentrations of firms, suppliers, producers of related
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage What is the competitive advantage of your country's companies in international markets based upon?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.05 Value chain breadth In your country, do companies have a narrow or broad presence in the value chain?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.06 Control of international distribution To what extent are international distribution
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.07 Production process sophistication In your country, how sophisticated are production processes?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.08 Extent of marketing In your country, to what extent do sophisticated companies use marketing tools and techniques?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 11.09 Willingness to delegate authority In your country, how do you assess the willingness to delegate authority to subordinates?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey Pillar 12: Innovation 12.01 Capacity for innovation In your country, to what extent do companies have the capacity to innovate?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 545 12.02
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.03 Company spending on R&d In your country, to what extent do companies spend on research and development (R&d?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&d In your country, to what extent do business
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.05 Government procurement of advanced technology products In your country, to what extent do government purchasing decisions foster innovation?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers In your country, to what extent are scientists and engineers available?
World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 12.07 PCT patent applications Number of applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) per million population 2010-2011 average
Ms Browne also oversees the process of implementing the Executive Opinion Survey which is conducted worldwide and completed by around 15,000 business executives.
Her responsibilities include managing the network of Partner Institutes worldwide and driving the Executive Opinion Survey process.
built relationships with C-suite executives of partner companies; and oversaw the operation-management responsibilities of a team of coordinators.
The data used in the Report are obtained from leading international sources as well as from the World Economic Forum's annual Executive Opinion Survey, a unique source that captures the perspectives of more than 14,000 business leaders on topics related to
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