To complement this strand of work the Forum created the Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness as part of the Network of Global Agenda Councils.
The objective of this work is to inspire and motivate city leaders, the private sector and civil society to work together to address the most important competitiveness challenges of cities by shedding light on creative and innovative initiatives put into place by cities around the world.
I thank all of them for their sterling work. But I will single out Kevin Murphy, President, Partners for Sustainable Development and President and Chief executive officer, J. E. Austin Associates, USA,
My thanks also go to Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz for her excellent work as World Economic Forum coordinator of our Council.
Also, a group of informal advisers provided comments to help us structure the work appropriately.
Objectives The objectives of this work are to encourage city leaders, policy-makers at local, regional, national and international levels,
The internet, mobile communications and social media have empowered vast numbers of individuals across the globe to work,
Macroeconomic policies related to the city's fiscal policies (revenue and expenditure) Business-environment policies and regulations related to markets for goods, services, capital and labour, many of which are captured well in the World bank's Doing Business index.
Together, these mini case studies constitute a relatively representative sample illustrating how city competitiveness works in different situations and contexts.
Chattanooga will need a new generation of highly educated labour. Governor of Tennessee Bill Haslam has announced recently a plan to make two years at Tennessee community colleges
and a result of Chattanooga's work in improving its business incentives, environmental sustainability and workforce capabilities.
Innovation Works, a state-run programme, promoted and supported entrepreneurship. Private-public partnerships like Innovation Works have become a powerful tool not only for directing finance to deserving start-ups and growing companies,
but also in providing channels of communication and cooperation between various economic stakeholders. This sort of effort was combined with the already existing foundations of a skilled workforce
Curitiba has overcome the effects of disorganized urban sprawl through a sound strategy built on its Bus Rapid Transit system and community work,
The combination of a favourable business environment with a good quality of life makes the city a desirable place for both work and living.
Cheap and abundant skilled labour acted as an additional advantage (the work force participation rate increased to 28.99%in 1991) for attracting several Fortune 500 and Indian companies.
by helping potential manufacturers see that the comparative advantages of Penang lie not in low-cost labour or large internal markets,
however over 300 foreign investors by leveraging a skilled technical labour pool. Companies such as Bose and Intel have taken advantage of this.
and creating competitive infrastructure for shipping, logistics, air travel, real estate, tourism, knowledge work, finance, media, high technology and many other industries.
Dubai also has both a labour court and a real estate court that deal exclusively with matters related to these areas.
This encourages bourgeois virtues individual responsibility, hard work, thrift and voluntary cooperation for social welfare goals.
labour and capital. A weak domestic private sector is the Achilles heel of the economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) account for half of GDP and the bulk of employment.
as they are most reliant on low-wage labour. Of course immigration is an issue that has to be managed sensitively.
labour and capital. Twenty-first-century globalization also brings wider inequality, especially for a small, highly open economy,
but having a unique, integrated and systemic framework to work in a convergent, complete context;
A culture of productive work, personal accountability and social responsibility A dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystem that promotes the pursuit of new opportunities, innovation and growth A history of strong private and public leaders
The Competitiveness of Cities 43 Interrelationships and Summary Throughout its history, the city has overcome natural, security and economic threats due to its entrepreneurial culture, work ethics,
A strong focus on building high-quality private and public academic institutions has been essential for building the competitiveness stature of the city and the strong competencies and work ethic of its population.
Human resources policy Ningbo continues to focus on occupational skills training for migrant workers to provide it with sufficient labour resources
400 talented people to work in Ningbo, including overseas Chinese. There are also more than 1, 500 foreign experts working in Ningbo,
External openness has been critical to Singapore's success in every phase of its post-independence development from attracting MNC-investment for cheap-labour assembly operations to higher-value electronics production
easing restrictions on land use and on labour movement, strengthening private property rights, welcoming private-sector participation in infrastructure projects
and labour-movement restrictions to reduce sprawl and promote urban density. Intelligent Choices in Infrastructure:
to a professional user with multiple devices powered by cloud-service-based apps spanning work and life.
And, they should think of every citizen as a potential dual user of city services people who use technology for their work but also use it intensively in their personal lives.
Associate We thank Hope Steele for her superb editing work and Neil Weinberg for his excellent graphic design and layout.
this work is a critical reminder of the importance of sound structural economic fundamentals for sustained growth.
the Forum through its Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness has engaged in a parallel strand of work to analyze the drivers of competitiveness at the level of the city.
Box1 presents some of the main conclusions of this work. In addition in order to better place the discussion of competitiveness into a societal and environmental context,
The work carried out to date on these important aspects of human and economic development is described in Chapter 1. 2 of this Report.
The final objective of the Forum's work in this area is to inform a series of structured multi-stakeholder dialogues that can raise awareness
which reduces incentives to work (141st); and the cost of the country's public debt which is close to 100 percent of GDP.
More efficient use of talent in particular, enabling a growing share of educated women to work
NOTES 1 The Global Competitiveness Index is based on the result of the work of Sala-i-Martín and Artadi 2004.2 Schumpeter 1942;
The seminal work of Solow (1957) provided a methodology to estimate the growth rate of productivity
This work aims to shape the agenda by catalyzing public-private platforms that help governments draw on their joint expertise to identify
Since 2010, the World Economic Forum in collaboration with a multi-stakeholder Advisory board of international experts (Box1) has embarked on an effort to integrate the concept of sustainability into its competitiveness work.
building on its existing benchmarking and sustainability work. The mechanisms through which growth-enhancing policies impact poverty
By doing so, the Global Project on Inclusive Growth aims to shed light on the full spectrum of policy levers available to promote social participation in the process and benefits of economic growth without dampening incentives to work
and can hamper the incentives to work, innovate, and excel. In order to be sustainable, a social protection system needs to be well balanced and affordable.
Other efforts to measure specific aspects of social sustainability include the World bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators Framework and the International labour organization's Decent Work initiative. 35 For the metrics of environmental sustainability,
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all 7th pillar (labor market efficiency) Goal 9:
and large portions of the population work in vulnerable jobs or in the informal economy and do not have access to social security.
Information about the Decent Work initiative is available at http://www. ilo. org/integration/themes/mdw/lang--en/index. htm. 36 For more information on the EPI,
and J. Van Reenen,‘‘Privatization and the Decline of the Labour's Share: International Evidence from Network Industries.''
Asian Decent Work Decade Resource Kit: Competitiveness, Productivity and Jobs. Available at http://www. ilo. org/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS 098152/lang--en/index. htm IMF (International monetary fund.
or most recent Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force aged 15 24 without work but available for and seeking employment.
and academia for empirical and policy work. For example, Transparency International has been using the Survey data for the elaboration of their Corruption Perceptions Index and the Bribe Payers Index.
*20.8.99 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...53 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*20.8.99 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...53 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*17.3.83 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...97 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*31.0.132 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...41 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*30.3.129 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...1. 9...144 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*11.0.47 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...94 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*11.7.50 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...80 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*2. 0...5 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...121 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*21.7.101 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...87 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 3...1 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*31.0.131 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...79 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*16.0.78 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...58 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*7. 2...19 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 3...141 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 3...24 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...46 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
143 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...76 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
102.3.0 The most problematic factors for doing business Poor work ethic in national labor force...18.5 Inadequately educated workforce...
*21.7.103 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 6...14 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.4.73 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...139 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*7. 5...21 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...91 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.5.43 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...63 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.9.76 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...133 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*19.4.92 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...34 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.3.72 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...84 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.0.37 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...23 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*29.5.127 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...89 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.0.57 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...134 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...28 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...36 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*16.7.80 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...122 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*18.7.88 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...64 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.1.60 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...66 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.1.71 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 2...142 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*5. 7...15 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...18 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*20.2.95 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...110 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...132 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*26.2.116 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...118 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*36.8.134 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...117 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*22.9.107 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...108 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*12.9.55 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...24 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*19.1.91 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...106 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...73 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*11.8.51 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...125 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*14.8.68 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...25 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*26.0.114 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...77 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...13 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...20 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*21.6.100 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...67 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*49.8.137 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...38 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.9.76 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...138 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.0.117 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...55 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*7. 9...23 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...57 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*16.7.80 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...72 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...90 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*30.3.129 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...129 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*5. 8...16 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 9...5 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.4.61 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...128 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...99 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.8.75 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...45 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*57.8.139 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...31 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*23.1.109 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...81 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*12.2.53 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...93 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.4.124 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...70 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*7. 2...18 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...1. 9...143 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*14.0.65 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...102 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...61 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...13 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...95 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...43 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*6. 5...17 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...75 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...113 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*28.1.126 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 3...7 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*17.3.83 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...92 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*47.2.136 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...32 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*9. 7...35 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...103 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...51 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.0.70 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...40 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.3.42 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...52 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*24.6.112 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...124 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*21.7.101 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...10 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.0.57 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...19 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*12.3.54 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...111 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*16.7.80 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...100 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*23.9.111 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...8 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.7.63 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...96 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*7. 3...20 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...27 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.5.43 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...126 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.6.45 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...9 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*22.0.104 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...116 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*22.6.106 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...123 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...68 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*11.2.48 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...65 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*20.7.97 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...42 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*37.5.135 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...78 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*20.2.94 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...56 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*9. 7...35 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...39 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.2.118 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...85 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...62 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 0...12 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*14.9.69 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...107 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*16.2.79 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...21 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...29 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 8...6 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.2.118 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...82 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*18.1.87 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...35 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*26.1.115 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...17 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*11.4.49 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...104 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.4.124 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...47 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*18.8.89 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...88 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*23.1.108 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...131 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...112 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*23.2.110 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 3...2 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 0...7 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...140 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*17.3.83 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...115 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.0.56 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 5...16 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*19.5.93 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 9...13 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.7.64 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...44 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*7. 7...22 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 6...136 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.5.62 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...48 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*78.3.141 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...54 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*3. 0...6 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 0...4 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*18.8.89 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...119 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.7.46 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...137 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*9. 3...33 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 5...15 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*17.4.86 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...130 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*58.5.140 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...50 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 8...32 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...83 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*14.6.67 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...69 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*14.4.66 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...30 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*10.1.38 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...11 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*22.6.105 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...49 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*15.5.74 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...109 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*9. 3...33 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...105 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*36.0.133 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...60 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...59 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*20.5.96 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...22 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*12.1.52 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...71 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*29.8.128 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...98 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 7...26 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...74 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*13.0.57 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 6...135 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*4. 3...8 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 2...3 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*8. 5...25 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...33 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*0. 0...1 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...37 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*20.8.98 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...120 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
143 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...114 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*24.6.112 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...86 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*27.4.120 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...127 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*50.6.138 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...26 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
*82.3.142 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...101 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
487 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...488 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
1. 9 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to work?
1=significantly reduce the incentive to work; 7=do not reduce incentive to work at all 2013 14 weighted average SOURCE:
World Economic Forum's calculations 7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to work?
1=significantly reduce the incentive to work; 7=do not reduce incentive to work at all 2013 14 weighted average Source:
and works closely with the Forum's media team in conveying the findings of the various competitiveness reports to the media and the public.
He works on the development and computation of a range of indexes and on the analysis of data for the elaboration of various reports.
She also works on the World Economic Forum's Global Risks report. Prior to joining the Forum,
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