Although the process of definition has been a good opportunity to rethink and improve the policymaking,
Global Competition; Global Markets 1. The Research Questions Recently a territorial development model has arisen focused on territorial search of specialized diversification.
*Full professor of Applied Economics, University of Basque Country (infyde@infyde. eu)**Phd Researcher, INFYDE (jonatanpaton@infyde. eu)**CEO, INFYDE (belenbarroeta@infyde. eu
It can be summarized as the prioritizing that takes place at a territorial level in economic activities,
and generators of new market opportunities in a global context versus the prioritizing that other territories carry out (Del Castillo et al. 2012).
The prioritization in a limited number of areas (technological domains, scientific areas and economic activities) where the region is competitive.
The search for opportunities through the exploitation of the territorial related variety, maximizing its externalities
what kind of agglomeration economies to exploit (Frenken et al. 2007): location economies (promoting sectorial specialization; urbanization economies (promoting sectorial diversification)
or related variety exploitation (finding a balance between the above two above). In this context, a strategy for smart specialization may focus on seeking specialized diversification behind the related variety of a given territory.
Therefore, the processes for elaborating a RIS3 not only may encounter difficulties in terms of how to identify
and prioritize these opportunity niches of specialised diversification, but also in terms of how to design and implement the SYMPHONYA Emerging Issues in Management, n. 1,
However, Paton and Barroeta (2012) mention a number of them making clear that besides the many opportunities behind smart specialisation,
Opportunities and risks regarding main elements of smart specialization ELEMENTS OPPORTUNITIES RISKS Prioritization Election of priorities through specialisation patterns To prioritize can help creating critical mass to achieve excellence.
Prioritizing the demands of the businesses facilitates the alignment of the regional capabilities with the market opportunities.
and demand is complicated. Intermediary infrastructure must play a proactive role, although the reality does not always allows it.
Specialised diversification Exploitation of regional related variety Take into account that the horizontal specialization will contribute to the rest of the economy (knock-on effects) Exploiting the possibilities of regional related diversity can lead to radical innovation
and"rethinking"of the economy. A high specialization also brings further weakness to potential crisis, technical changes and cycles.
If there is no entrepreneurial critical mass, social capital, no experience of the authorities, etc. the governance of the process may be unworkable.
Global context Coherence of priorities and the process in the frame of an open economy A"global"dimension of governance will allow the prioritized specialization to be consistent in the global context.
The approach of governance in an open economy is still not widespread although its success depends on its ability to generate interregional cooperation.
As mentioned in the research questions section, these opportunities and risks, as well as the real difficulties and problems encountered by policymakers
RIS3 seems to have prioritized sectors with a very clear share in total economy (agro industry, automotive, tourism and experience) and others with positive international trends (energy, eco industries, health and wellness and ICT.
INFYDE 2015 However, regarding the concrete policy instruments, it can be observed a shift between the traditional financial support (grant) to nonfinancial support (services provided by intermediate infrastructures, competitive intelligence, networks, etc.
or even reimbursement finance (loans, micro credits, venture capital, etc..The most repeated instruments in the RIS3 analysis are grants (a traditional support framework in Spain),
Despite the great opportunity that supposes the smart specialization model and its strategic reflection, a series of limits were exposed in the paper.
the open economy dimension of the strategies (e g. collaboration potential with other Spanish regions but also through Europe).
but a process by which new territorial opportunities are discovered, fostered and supported. Bibliography Bellini, N. Teräs, J. and Ylinenpäá, H. 2012) Science and Technology Park in the Age of Open Innovation.
Journal of Business and Economics Del Castillo, J. & Paton, J. 2012. Entrepreneurial discovery process in the Basque Country:
Regulation of the European parliament and of the Council on Specific provisions concerning the ERDF and the Investment for growth and jobs goal (EC) No 1013/2013 Foray, D. 2009a.
Knowledge Economists Policy Brief 9 june 2009. Frenken, K.;Van Oort, F. G. & Verburg, T. 2007.
Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies 41 (5): 685 97. http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/00343400601120296 IPTS (2012) Guide to research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation
Bilbao. 9th conference developments in Economic theory and policy EHU/Cambridge. June 2012. Paton, J. 2013) Smart Specialisation and RIS3:
1593-0319 43 Technopolis (2006) Strategic Evaluation on Innovation and the knowledge based economy in relation to the Structural and Cohesion Funds, for the programming period 2007-2013.
when identifying cluster in US and Europe 7 www. clusterobservatory. eu 8 no differences between regions with urbanization economies from those characterized by specialisation economies 9 Key Enabling Technologies known as nanotechnology,
biotechnology and photonics. http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/key technologies/index en. htm 10 They include in the analysis a detailed breakdown of indicators by policy priorities as well as by policy
Most of services are located in Zaragoza. The city of Zaragoza is very active in innovation mainly in digital services
mobility and energy. A large majority of companies are small and medium including in the car industry around a large plant of General motors. The lack of critical mass in several sectors encourages us to be more active internationally
IT complex systems with the support of a super computer http://bifi. unizar. es, nanosciences http://ina. unizar. es, mathematics, physics, environment and materials.
Aragón (mainly agrofood, environment and materials. More over, Aragon is equiped well in research. The main research centres are focusing on-agronomy and agrofood in the Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) http://www. cita-aragon. es
and environment, created at the initiative of the Region of Aragon and CSIC the technopark MOTORLAND http://www. parquetecnologicodelmotor. com/index. aspx the technological park Lopez Soriano http://www. ptr. es dedicated to recycling industries. 4 Other
is the main incubator centre of Aragon. It aims at supporting the creation of innovative companies. http://www. ceeiaragon. es The Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Nuevas Tecnologías del Hidrógeno en Aragón is a private
+i in Aragon through support schemes to researchers in particular. http://www. araid. es/The Red Aragón 7pm acts as a network aiming at getting the best out of the 7pm opportunities until 2013 thanks to a strong cooperation
infrastructures, digital community, digital services, TIC in SMES, TIC business component, electronic administration, TICS in strategic areas.
however by the slowdown of the Spanish economy and its impact on the public and private spending in R i
but reached the group of innovation (low) followers in 2011 and 2012. http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/ris-2012 en. pdf In short Aragon offers a rather complex and patchy
however well aware of its strengths and weaknesses and intends to get the best out of the coming opportunity of a regional innovation strategy.
& scientific & technological poles ENTERPRISE SISTEMA DE INNOVACIÓN DE ARAGÓN RIS 2012 region groups Introduction of Aragon work on Research and Innovation Strategy Place-based dimension
innovation and education More attention to be paid to incubators and support to new entrepreneurial actors RIS 3 Governance Leadership:
Funds), Economy and Rural Development (FEADER) Strong involvement of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, participation of the State Secretary for Research and Innovation in an event organized in Zaragoza on October 30th, 2012
Four meeting of information of stakeholders in July (economic and social partners, research, innovation, education) Aragon on the S3 platform Sevilla Meeting S3 platform Core working group Ministry
of Industry & Innovation Involvement of all Ministries of Government and stakeholders Basic document analysis of regional potential Basic document SWOT.
Meeting with stakeholders: Vision and challenges Future global vision Meeting with EC's adviser Meeting with stakeholders.
Selection of priorities. Policy mix: roadmap and action plan Integration of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms Approval by Aragonese Gov and EC RIS 3 participation process Priorities Suggested during the 30.10 event,
Ageing Depopulation Territorial Development Health STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Health & Biotecnology Tourism & Trade Culture & Heritage Territory & Quality of life Agrifood CHALLENGES:
Smart Transport Opening the Territory Connectivity Cross-border Cooperation STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Logistics & Transport Automotive New Materials Industry & SME Excellence CHALLENGES:
Energy Climate Change Desertification Food security STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Water Energy Hydrógen Energy efficiency SMART SPECIALIZATION PRIORITIES IN ARAGÓN TERRITORIAL BALANCE CONNECTIVITY RESOURCE EFFICIENCY CHALLENGES:
Ageing Depopulation Territorial Development Health STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Health & Biotecnology Tourism & Trade Culture & Heritage Territory & Quality of life Agrifood CHALLENGES:
Smart Transport Opening the Territory Connectivity Cross-border Cooperation STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Logistics & Transport Automotive New Materials Industry & SME Excellence CHALLENGES:
Energy Climate Change Desertification Food security STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Water Energy Hydrógen Energy efficiency SMART SPECIALIZATION PRIORITIES IN ARAGÓN TERRITORIAL BALANCE CONNECTIVITY RESOURCE EFFICIENCY Education and Training KETS (Key Enabling Technologies) ICT
which is planning the Goverment's economic policy. Main objectives: The structuring of the territory, through infrastructure and telecommunications services Integration of ICT in enterprises Knowledge transfer Boost of egovernment and open Government More challenging over the whole territory,
e-accessibility and e-health Implementation and Budget We will align in the future our present regional innovation strategy Innovaragon with RIS3 according to the request of the Spanish Ministry Our budget for Innovation is 35 M€ until 2017 Measuring
and ministry's level A good dialogue with all stakeholders Establish a strong monitoring process of the RIS 3. Friendly questions for discussion Issues
A common vision with all stakeholders in the long term Good alignment of Aragon's RIS3 with funds available in the frame of the priorities for Research and Innovation In which areas do need you new ideas
and the opportunity opened by RIS3. A brief introduction to the Asturias economic estructure (Source:
Estadística sobre actividades en I+D The weight of enterprises with innovative activities in Asturias in relation to Spain (amounting to 461),
whether the model of attracting productive investment in Asturias, developed in recent years, can be maintained in the future.
According to the Report of the Industrial Sector of Asturias (IDEPA December 2012), Asturias has diversified a economic structure in which the service sector, making a great importance with a weight of 63%of the regional economy.
accounting for a 21.78%of the regional economy in 2011. Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 4 In comparison with Spain, the weight of the industrial sector in Asturias is significantly higher than nationwide (about 5%higher.
Both in Asturias and Spain there has been a widespread decrease of economic activity, with the construction sector most affected with a reduction in employment of around 40%.
%followed by the primary sector and services which recorded lower falls, at around 14%and 11.5%.
8 1. 888,3 2. 453,4 Services 13.021,2 13.396,2 13.402,2 13.438,6 13.786,4 Source: INE. Encuesta de la Población Activa With respect to the turnover generated by the industrial sector in Asturias,
number of enterprises, turnover and employment from 2000 to the present, in the three main branches of the industrial sector in Asturias.
With a large presence of foreign industrial investment accentuated in recent years thanks to public incentives for investment.
In view of the above data the main features of the Asturian economy and more specifically of its industrial sector would be the following:
a) Low level of technological innovation in relation to the Spanish average. b) High concentration of economic activity in the industrial sector. c) Strong presence of foreign industrial investment with decision
This poses the challenge of innovation and entrepreneurship (start-ups) as the two major challenges for the region's economic future,
RIS3 in this sense can be a great opportunity. To conclude this brief introduction to the Asturian economy,
we will observe the status in Asturias accordding the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2012. With due caution with the data presented in Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 6 this report,
of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 12 3 Report following the Guidance for expert assessment After the introduction to the Asturias economy
now we will follow the Guidance for expert assessment as a guide to answer different questions related with the innovation strategy process now in progress in Asturias. 1. Is the strategy based on appropriate stakeholder involvement?
In Asturias there are a total of 12 sectorial clusters that will have the opportunity to participate in the different panels depending on their specialization.
as well as the industry support services, usually participate in the initiatives and innovation programs promoted by the regional Government during the last years.
entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES and other strategic actions should be defined. The University has identified consistent contracts with 374 companies as partners of the University.
There is no evidence yet that the document outline measures to stimulate private R&d&i investments, for instance through public-private partnerships.
Something similar can be said regarding the inclusion of a sufficiently balanced mix of soft innovation support services
The communication process to stakeholders and the general public, the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from critical groups
and sistematicaly deploy a communication strategy directed to all stakeholders and also to the regional public opinion.
entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES should be defined. j) The University has identified consistent contracts with 374 companies as partners of the University,
RIS3 Strategy can be a great opportunity. k) Try to stimulate private R&d&i investments, for instance through public-private partnerships.
achievable goals or output and result indicators and a realistic timeline for these goals. p) The actual governance structure should be improved in the future to be able to support a process of continous policy learning and adaptation q) The communication
process to stakeholders and the general public, the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from critical groups
a communication strategy directed to all stakeholders and also to the regional public opinion. However, the process is in the right way and,
Transferencia de los Resultados de Investigación OTRIS Enterprise Europe Network Red de Clusters de Asturias Federación Asturiana de Empresarios (FADE
Economic data GDP distribution Services 61%Industry and energy 17%Construction: 12%Agriculture: 3%A high percentage of GDP in services, is a symptom of developed region.
%Car parts. 12,51%10,37%8, 01%7, 61%6, 5%Economic data Services GDP distribution 26,87%Business services. 13,76%Tourism
16%Financial services. 7, 8%Public services. 7, 73%Education. 7, 57%Transport and comunications. 6, 44%Health services. 6, 38%Others. 14
Cantabria's economy is based mainly in industry, services and tourism. Research and Innovation RI funds in 2009 Cantabria dedicated 149 M€ to RI. 1. 1%of GDI dedicated to RI in Cantabria.
and the percentage of private capital should be increased. Strengths of Cantabria High experience in its traditional industry.
Nanomaterial, Nanotechnology and advancedmanufacturing Health and Socialwelfare Telecom, Space and new physical/maths applications Social Dynamics,
Innovative Society and Security IT Services The next steps We are moving forward in the process with the help of a consultant.
ENTERPRISE EUROPE NETWORK y el consorcio ACTIS. Resultado de la fusión de las redes europeas Innovation Relay Centers y Euro Info Centers, el 1 de abril de
2008 se pone en marcha, a nivel de toda Europa, la red ENTERPRISE EUROPE NETWORK.
Participación en Capital, dirigido a PYMES que acometan una nueva inversión, inicien una nueva actividad o emprendan una expansión de actividad./
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin of sport, que propone una operación estadística
inversiones en prioridades ación basada en la práctica, y pretenden estimular la involucrados (stakeholders) y promueven la Castilla-La Mancha
The extension of the region and its geographic situation (Castilla y León borders on nine regions in Spain and Portugal) make Castilla y León an important communication hub at the Spanish
The modernization of the structure of the region is reflected in the loss of weight of the agrarian sector and the process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy.
16.0 15.5 Construction 9. 2 10.1 10.4 9. 7 8. 3 Services 40 5 49.5 65.4 67.9 69.6 Table 1
Background document 3 1. 3 Labour market evolution Due to the important rates of growth of our economy,
unemployment rate has been affected by the economic crisis, with a rate of 19.7%in 2012. Although it is a negative indicator, the value remains 5%below the national average,
Enterprises with R&d and Innovation departments and activities. Dual system: the 50 biggest enterprises (over a total number of 170.000 enterprises in the region) spend more than 40%of the business R&d and Innovation expenditure in the region.
Intermediary bodies: T-CUE Network of university interface structures, COCI (Council of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry), etc.
Ade Capital Sodical S. C. R.,S. A.;Iberaval, S g. R.;Madrigal Participaciones, S. A. Innovation Spaces:
of Castilla y León, the Directorate General of Universities and Research, the Directorate General of Planning and Innovation (Management of Health Services),
information and communication technologies, security, biotechnology and logistics. The industrial policy of the Regional Government has established four main priorities in the support of emerging clusters:
Clusters with historic relevance in the employment and economy of Castilla y León, now under restructuration Automotive Agro-food Tourism Wood and forniture Natural stone Fashion-textile Oncology
but during the past 3 years the economic crisis had a dramatic impact on this indicator,
there is a significant increase in the R&d activity of the enterprises as compared with the data of one decade ago, in
which the contribution the higher education sector was the most significant contribution. 2001 2011 Enterprises 53,3%Government 6, 8%Higher education Private Non 39,5%Profit 0, 4%Enterprises
54,4%Government 9, 9%Higher education 35,6%Private Non Profit 0, 1%Figure 4. R&d expenditure by sectors.
of Castilla y León 3 Evolution of economic growth and convergence with the European union 4 B SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
The modernization of the structure of the region is reflected in the loss of weight of the agrarian sector and the process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy.
The extension of the region and its geographic situation (Castilla y León borders on nine regions in Spain and on Portugal) make Castilla y León an important communication hub at Spanish
) in Castilla y León between 2000 and 2008 has been higher than the average growth of the European economy,
In comparison with our economic environment our region has grown at the same rate than the Spanish average and higher than EU-27 and the Euro zone until 2009.
Figure 2. Annual economic growth rate in Castilla y León, Spain and Europe. Gross Value Added at basic prices EU (27 countries) Spain Castilla y León 543210-1-2-3-4-5 BC 004 The modernization
whose mission was studying the causes of a growing gap in R&d efforts between Europe and the United states and its impact on economic growth.
therefore set smart specialisation as a prior condition for investments in two key cohesion policy objectives for the 2014-2020 period:
and development needs based on knowledge, thereby stimulating private investment. Participatory process to build a shared vision among companies
The results of these first phases have been a SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) for the R&d and Information Society situation in Castilla y León that has been the basis for establishing RIS3 programmes and objectives,
Micro-enterprises dominate in the Castilla y León business structure. The regional GDP in 2012 was 5. 28%of the national GDP.
which hold less weight in the economy: industry and energy with 19.8%,construction holding 8. 4,
In 2012, thanks to the regional companies'investment effort (with 61.8%of spending on R&d), Castilla y León has started to regain its position in the Autonomous Communities rankings,
and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). With respect to the Sixth R&d National Plan, Castilla y León's participation's is slightly lower than
There are large differences in ICT equipment and usage in companies with more than 10 employees and companies with less than 10 employees (micro-enterprises and independent contractors),
where usage data and ICT availability continue to be low with minor annual economic growth. In 2012, specifically, only 68%of companies with fewer than 10 employees had compared computers with 71.6%at the national level.
these percentages increased to 98%.63.7%of micro-enterprises and independent contractors have Internet access, lightly below the 65.7%national average.
or specific area for ICT and most have staff dedicated to managing new information and communication technologies.
Usage data from companies using the Castilla y León Online Government is better than the usage of these services by citizens:
the integration of the clinical history in primary services has been carried out with specialized attention in six out of the eleven health-care areas in Castilla y León,
CONTEXT ANALYSIS CA 013 The analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) compiles and integrates quantitative and qualitative analytical conclusions in the Strategy's creation framework.
agriculture and food industry, automotive technology, pharmaceuticals, and environment. OPPORTUNITIES The region's economic specialisation and existing capacities allow for leading future trends to be made use of in the fields of health care, quality of life, environment,
and food and agriculture. Technological specialisation permits the development of applications in the fields of advanced materials, production processes, ICT,
and the crosscutting role of ICT technology, energy and environment, and biotechnology. There is potential for the integration of value chain actions and economic interaction:
Reposition financial instruments and redefine the Government's role in providing innovative services to companies.
Decline in private investment, decrease in R&d investment. Reduction of budget earmarked for R&d that leads to a reduction of public capacities for the support of structures, human resources,
OPPORTUNITIES Territory Importance of ICT in the objectives and priorities of the new European funding framework ICT,
Companies Increase in consumer demand for new digital contents. ICT use makes globalization of companies easier.
social networks, mobility, and geolocation services; telecommuting; cloud computing, and new pay-peruse models, Open Data; new models for collaboration with other companies.
Great potential for the Spanish e-ID in providing public and private digital services. Public Government Use of ICT in the public sector and new public-public and public-private partnership models that permit costs savings
New educational models via ICT and ICT as tools for efficient provision of public health services at a distance with the use of ehealth and telecare.
Companies Lack of network capillarity in the region for companies and economic activities related to ICT and excessive disintegration of projects.
Productive fabric primarily consisting of micro-enterprises and independent contractors from traditional sectors with low ICT adoption levels, above all in retail business.
Lack of previous analysis In public Government Bodies for social and economic return on investment related to ICT use.
THREATS Territory Low profitability in the area for operators for telecommunication infrastructure in the rural environment.
Public Government e-Government services are difficult to use and digital certification systems are complex.
Lack of interoperability and standardization of digital contents and services. SA 017 4 CASTILLA Y LEÓN SPECIALISATION PATTERNS Specialisation pattern analysis has been carried out on three dimensions.
Castilla y León's economic specialisation pattern is defined by six large macro-activities that make up 59%of our economy and meet diverse criteria:
and Spanish Language Energy and Industrial Environment Habitat Scientific SPECIALISATION pattern Medicine Agriculture, Biology, and Veterinary Sciences Chemistry and Material Sciences Earth and Environmental sciences Engineering TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIALISATION pattern Advanced Materials ICT Biotechnology Advanced Processes and Manufacturing SP 018
Industry-wide technologies and opportunities, some of which are already in effect. Others, although they do not form part of the Castilla y León specialisation pattern,
) OF CASTILLA Y LEON 2014-2020 SP 022 ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT Economic pattern Scientific pattern Technological pattern Possible regions of reference Other
such as mobile applications and technology, cyber security, Big data, Internet of the Future, Cloud computing, all of which are crosscutting technologies for any economic activity
that potentially allow for generating new economic activity and an innovative expansion, starting from development of existing internal resources.
ICT, along with Energy and Industrial Environment, are interesting not only from an economic standpoint but also from a technological point of view
Energy and Industrial Environment (sustainability, reuse of materials, etc.).SP 025 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR SMART SPECIALISATION OF CASTILLA Y LEÓN 2014-2020 PART 2 P2 027 P2 028 The Research and Innovation
The RIS3 is the opportunity to significantly improve the R&d&i and Information Society regional policy of Castilla y León
Beginning with the regional specialisation, boosting both existing economic activities and generation of new activities through diversification is sought.
Entrepreneurial innovation and a competitive economy. P2. Excellent science and technological leadership. P3. Internationalization. P4.
AND INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR SMART SPECIALISATION (RIS3) OF CASTILLA Y LEON 2014-2020 PROGRAMME 1. ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION AND A COMPETITIVE ECONOMY Programme 1 is focused on responding to the need to boost competitiveness
and the importance of generating new economic activities, especially such activities that are linked to the region and those that,
an improvement of scientific quality and socioeconomic impact in research activity and human capital support of the science and technology system.
and potential. 2. 2 Increase research activity's quality and socioeconomic impact. 2. 3 Support talent and human capital.
To this end, it addresses entrepreneurial cooperation, commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration and/or between different research entities, sharing and increasing value of knowledge and connection between higher education and innovation as the base of human capital in a smart
and open innovation. 4. 2 Greater multidisciplinary collaboration between research groups and creation of research platforms that have critical mass. 4. 3 Identify current industry-wide technological demand
6. 1 The deployment of telecommunications networks and services to ensure digital connectivity. 6. 2 Develop the digital economy for companies growth
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. 5 European Statistics Office. 6 Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Information Society.
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