Given advances in data-collection technology and with growing demand for more precise and real-time information, the need for more and better data is increasing all the time.
and definition of an ITS framework architecture for urban transport mobility, including an integrated approach for travel planning, transport demand, traffic management, emergency management, road pricing and the use of parking
and goods is hampered by a continuous increase in traffic demand as a result of higher levels of motorisation,
a form of demand-responsive ATS that was promoted strongly during the 1960s and‘70s, but foundered due to the lack of maturity of the technologies at that time.
'which can run on demand on existing urban infrastructures that also accommodate pedestrians, cyclists and even a limited numbers of cars.
With increasing demand, especially in urban areas, it becomes more and more crucial to have ready access to accurate realtime data for pre-trip planning and on-the spot response to changing needs or conditions.
Integrated travel planners could even extend to the provision of information about demand-responsive transport (DRT
especially applicable in crowded urban environments, is the introduction of multipurpose vehicles that can be adapted for different functions according to demand at any given time.
'STADIUM will provide a particularly high-profile showcase for ITS as applied to the control of traffic and public transport during major events that place unusually heavy demands on the host cities'infrastructures.
Cities face ever increasing demands on their transportation systems, especially in developing regions with growing car ownership and rapid urban migration.
Even more than heavy infrastructure investment, strategic mobility management is becoming the most important tool for meeting this demand.
and road charging to manage the level of demand. Incentives and sanctions will favour low-impact collective and individual modes of passenger transport,
development of demand-driven, easy-to-use and affordable services for all users, learning from the success of portable navigation systems and Web 2. 0 social networks;
combining multimodal traveller information with options such as demand-responsive transport and car sharing or pooling;
and China CCTV Closed circuit television DG Directorate-General DRT Demand-responsive transport DSRC Dedicated short range communication EGCI European Green Cars
and goods in response to increase in traffic demand, resulting from higher levels of motorisation, urbanisation, population growth and demographic change.
from the demand-side programmes to the uniform patent and standardization package, from establishing a Union-level institutional system for venture capital to supporting the Joint Programming Initiatives. 10 The size of the research and development sector and its main
and the demand for R&d is also small. An organisational base through which the innovation development strategy is implemented consistently is missing among the few innovative small enterprises,
Generally weak demand towards the services of the Hungarian research organizations (in addition: the research readiness of the university and academic sector and the research needs of the industry are not the same,
Demand for IPR protection is weak. Sometimes the lack of entrepreneurial spirit and failure tolerance.
The strengthening of the background industry of suppliers, take off of R&d demand. The further development of the R&d tax benefit system (introduction of normative R&d tax benefits.
and cannot create serious demand for RDI or build capacities. The synergies of international RDI co-operations cannot be utilized.
the demand is tight: the big players compete with each other The shortcomings in KNOWLEDGE FLOW technology transfer
investment on R&d and invigorating the demand for research and development, introduction of innovations improving productivity, establishment of an efficient support and funding system, completion of the start-up ecosystem.
-3%.Doubling of the R&d expenditure can increase the demand for labour of a given company by 15-20%in sectors with high R&d intensity;
The demand for new knowledge among the foreign and national business sector can be satisfied in a direct way by developing these knowledge bases;
3) The strengthening of innovation services with a mentoring system. 4) The transfer of the public sector's demand for RDI to the knowledge bases (pillar A) 5) The securing of the quality of RDI services (e g. accreditation, training.
2) The strengthening of the platform-like business and horizontal cooperation. 3) The exploration of and support for opportunities of social innovation. 4) Pre-competitive instruments strengthening the demand-side (e g. pre-commercial procurement (PCP)
Deliberate public demand for innovation The professional content of the instruments supporting the knowledge utilization of medium-sized enterprises Table 6 Demand creation for R&d Efficient support for foreign market
Deliberate public demand for innovation 1) The study of public procurement tenders from a viewpoint of suitability to the RDI policy goals
Thoughtful government demand for innovation Integrating large foreignowned companies based on R&d+30 global MNC centre of R&d C6.
Creating the demand of medium-sized firms for R&d C4. Efficient assistance to entering global markets Capitalising on the innovation potential of the public sector P1.
Thoughtful government demand for innovation System of objectives: invigorating the economy on the basis of RDI Figure 18 C8.
the use of demand-side instruments (e g. innovative public procurement, pre-commercial public procurement) in Hungary over the time horizon of the strategy does not primarily mean that additional resources shall be ensured for the purpose of purchasing RDI results
(e g. funding programmes) Systematic interventions Demand-side instruments (e g. procurements) Source: Adaptation based on Raising EU R&d intensity, 2013 edition 47 The main instruments of implementing the strategy 4 The support for public sector innovation
and the strengthening of deliberate public demand for innovation shall not only result in direct, competitiveness-enhancing effects of strengthened RDI capacities and activities,
Indirect support Indirect support, demand-side intervention Direct support Direct support, capital measure Application oriented R&d Start-up firm Growth stage Maturity stage
SYSTEMATIC INTERVENTIONS Demand-side interventions Supply-side interventions professional content Source of funding Tax incentive Other regulations Venture capital instrument Guarantee
significant amounts of public procurement can also mean a significant potential demand for research and development and innovation,
and the demands of the 2014-2020 programming period to bring smart specialization into prominence.
and training system Information management abilities (demand) Conditions of the product market (input) Conditions of the factor market I.:
The continued fragmentation of European markets limits the potential size of demand for European products (particularly services),
Estimates for the price elasticity of demand for IT products find that that for every 1-percent drop in price in IT products
which would depress demand for ICT. 163 As Kraemer notes, One of the best ways to promote IT use is to not create barriers to use.
and Dieter Endres, Effective Tax Levels at the Industry Level Using the Devereux/Griffith Methodology (On-Demand Report, Mannheim:
Bert Colijn, Green Jobs in Europe and the Increasing Demand for Technical Skills (The Conference Board Europe, February 2014), http://www. neujobs. eu/publications/working-papers
/green-jobs-europe-and-increasing-demand-technical-skills. PAGE 40 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014 157.
Gurbaxani, Vijay,"The demand for IT capital: an empirical analysis,"Decision Support systems 8, no. 5 december 1992): 387 403.
Gilbert Cette and Jimmy Lopez, ICT Demand Behaviour: An International Comparison (working paper, Bank of France, 2009), http://www. banque-france. fr/uploads/tx bdfdocumentstravail/DT252. pdf. 162.
The research systems in these countries are geared also towards meeting the demand from companies as highlighted by high co-publication activities.
innovation seems a natural strategy for firms to meet their customers'demands and to face competitive pressures.
It captures the capacity of a country to transform its economy rapidly to take advantage of emerging demand.
goods or services (i e. first time use of variable pricing by demand, discount systems, etc. An organisational innovation,
and supporting the customer (especially SMES) it might be necessary to stimulate the demand side for new"soft robots"with a high safety function, for the promising care and SME markets.
and real demand is important for early sales and then sustained operations. Hence demand from the automotive sector, for example in Germany
Most capital demands are restricted to web server farms (see the web services value chain in Appendix 2) and even these can be hosted by third party data centres who offer website services for start-ups.
Thus private venture capital is not suitable for funding because of its demand for rapid returns from medium/low risk ventures.
Robotdalen has focused just as much on the demand side as in pushing innovation on the supply side.
especially for commercialization of innovation with high capital demands over the long term such investments may expand greatly,
It has been excellent at understanding popular demand from the user's viewpoint, not the industry's. So its innovations are centred far more user than its competition, building a fierce customer loyalty and brand power.
Increased demand meant the company needed to increase its capacity with more capital investment to develop the manufacturing end of the business.
This also demands multidisciplinary skills for a large range of different robot types. R. U. Robots delivers
Thus effectively the company has to be somewhat more than a systems integrator as it must build certain specialized sub-systems on demand.
To succeed in robotics demands a long-term investment view with development over 20 to 30 years.
and the growing demand for institutions to develop deeper insight into their competitive environment. 4 The QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS currently considers over 2,
and the growing demand for institutions to develop deeper insight into their competitive environment. 16 The QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS currently considers over 2,
but demand in certain product markets (which can be influenced by market access, legal frameworks impacting on private and public demand for innovative solutions, etc.).
The Lead Market Initiative brought demand-driven innovation policy instruments into EU innovation policy thinking (Aho et al.
2006). ) In its report on reindustrialising Europe to promote competitiveness and sustainability, the European parliament stressed again the need to develop lead markets
16 2. 4 What are the implications of realistic consumer bandwidth demands? 20 3 Potential benefits of broadband in Europe 22 3. 1 Assessments of the benefits of broadband 22 3. 2 Consumer Willingness to Pay as a measure of benefits
The evolution over time of consumer bandwidth demand during the busy hour 20 Figure 4:
rather, the interpretation should track trends in consumer demand for broadband. 2 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) Consumer demand for bandwidth has grown steadily over the last decade,
Even so, consumer bandwidth demand per household is less than many assume, even though total global bandwidth demand is substantial.
Per projections based on Cisco VNI data, average global bandwidth demand per household in 2020 (the target data for achieving the DAE's objectives for ultra-fast broadband) is less than 2 Mbps
. The evolution over time of consumer bandwidth demand during the busy hour Source: Cisco VNI 2011 data, 1 WIK calculations.
but in light of realistic consumer demand it is not necessary to assume that every broadband user will consume maximum capacity all the time.
Ability of different technologies to meet realistic consumer demand Eurodocsis 3. 0 cable systems already comfortably exceed the 100 Mbps called for in the DAE.
and (2) driving fibre progressively closer to the end-user as and when needed to meet customer demand.
because there has been little customer demand for upstream data bandwidth. The biggest single impediment is that such a shift would conflict with analogue FM radio
see Section 4. 1. 1 VNI Virtual Networking Index (published by Cisco) Vod Video-on-Demand;
a Video on Demand enables end-users to select and watch video content over a network Wimax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WTP Willingness to Pay 4g Fourth-generation mobile communication standard 11.1 INTRODUCTION Key
rather, the interpretation should track trends in consumer demand for broadband. Consumer demand for bandwidth has grown steadily over the last decade,
albeit at a percentage rate of growth that is declining over time. Bandwidth demand per household is less than many assume,
even though total global bandwidth demand is substantial. Per projections based on Cisco VNI data, average global bandwidth demand per household in the busy hour in 2020 is less than 2 Mbps. Ultra-fast broadband access is useful,
but it is not necessary to assume that every broadband user will consume maximum capacity all the time.
rather, the interpretation should track trends in consumer demand for broadband. Consumer demand for bandwidth has grown steadily over the last decade,
albeit at a percentage rate of growth that is declining over time (see Figure 1), and this trend can be expected to continue.
We would argue that the DAE objectives should be interpreted in a manner that tracks this evolution of consumer bandwidth demand over time. 6 DAE,
Even though total demand is enormous, the bandwidth demand of individual households tends to be far less than many have assumed.
Moreover, it is clear that even in 2015 a very small fraction of households can be expected to require more than 1, 000 GB
Cisco VNI (2011). 11 Translating the above Cisco data into Mbps demand, during the average hour and during the busy hour,
Estimation of the mean aggregate bandwidth demand during the busy hour from the data is straightforward,
The evolution over time of consumer bandwidth demand during the busy hour Source: Cisco VNI 2011 data, 15 WIK calculations.
What is particularly striking is that the mean global bandwidth demand per household is far less than most have assumed,
Even in 2020, the average demand during the busy hour is well below 2 Mbps. This has important implications,
What are the implications of realistic consumer bandwidth demands? Many policy implications flow from the bandwidth demand characteristics noted in Section 2. 3. In this respect,
it is important to distinguish between the access network (e g. the last mile) and the core networks that connect those access networks to one another and to the world.
and the degree to which bandwidth demands differ from those of fixed network users (due, for example, to smaller screen size).
Household Demand for Broadband Internet Service; Final report to the Broadband. gov Task force, Federal Communications Commission;
and (2) driving fibre progressively close to the end-user as and when needed to meet customer demand. Both upgrades have been in progress for some time.
because there has been little customer demand for upstream data bandwidth. The biggest single impediment is that such a shift would conflict with analogue FM radio
and (2) driving fibre progressively close to the end-user as and when needed to meet customer demand. Both upgrades have been in progress for some time.
The Cisco VNI report (2011) notes that Internet traffic demand contrary to what many have assumed, is becoming more asymmetric over time, not less.
because there has been little customer demand for upstream bandwidth. 50 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) 5. 1 Architecture
The following figure gives an overview of the usual allocation of these frequencies to the different service segments provided over a cable infrastructure. 70 Section 2. 3 shows that individual bandwidth demand
if there were sufficient consumer demand. A number of technical, economic and practical considerations come into play.
Household Demand for Broadband Internet Service; Final report to the Broadband. gov Task force, Federal Communications Commission, 3 february.
Change in one area demands change in others too. For instance there is strong relationship between Assessment and Content and Curricula.
This can lessen the demand for expensive external resources and enable the development of sustainable health information systems.
The demand for environmentally friendly products and services opens the way for new business opportunities.
and be creative to meet consumer demands and the needs of industry. Innovation drives economic growth and is critical to our future prosperity.
In comparison to other rural regions the Midwest is improving its retention ability by matching both undergraduate and postgraduate courses with market demand.
In a global age of increased competition and more individualised customer demands, constant innovation is needed for businesses to grow
and changing consumer demands; Internationally Traded Services-building on emerging growth opportunities; Logistics and Supply Chain Management-taking advantage of infrastructures and local skills;
where mobilebroadband services provide a response to the demand for high-speed Internet access in view of the lack of affordable fixed-broadband services,
in particular in the context of the post-2015 development debate and the WSIS+10 review, the demand for a data revolution,
At the same time, the issue of spectrum allocation will have to be addressed to ensure that the increasing demand for high-speed mobile access can be met,
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. connectivity, because of the strong internal demand and also its location:
and satisfy the demand for data needs in new areas, such as big data, geospatial information and geographical information systems Open data policies should be envisaged to ensure accountability
one possibility would be to replace the subscription-based (supply-side) data with data based on national household surveys (demand-side indicators).
in order to meet the increasing demand generated by wireless-broadband services. There is an obligation for the licensees to ensure that by 2015 users in areas with the lowest speeds will Chart 2. 1:
There is however a sizeable domestic demand for data driven by the high volume of local content,
private operators assess the profitability of providing their service depending on the demand and the specific business case in each geographic area.
In response to the demand for global benchmarks on ICT prices, ITU has been collecting ICT price data following a harmonized methodology since 2008.
so as to provide an insight into the affordability of fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular services from a demand-side perspective (Chart 4. 2). From this perspective,
and policy initiatives to strengthen the demand side. Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role of competition 112table 4. 1:
and the demand sides (Box 4. 1). The average price for an entry-level fixedbroadband plan in The americas region corresponds to 0. 6 per cent of GNI per capita, more than twice as much as in the Arab States and CIS,
Challenges for fixed-broadband adoption in Mauritania Unaffordable fixed-broadband services in Mauritania are the result of factors on both the supply and the demand side.
On the demand side GNI per capita in Mauritania is the lowest of all Arab countries included in the comparison of fixed-broadband prices.
In order to advance towards such a challenging target, public policies to support demand for fixed-broadband services could lead to wider adoption
The deployment of telecommunication networks requires large investments that operators evaluate depending on the demand for the service and the specific business case in each geographic area.
Relatively little information, for example, is available on the demand side. While an increasing number of countries currently collect data on the individual use of ICTS, many developing countries do not produce such information (collected through household surveys
and details of traffic volumes, including the geospatial distribution of demand, and to plan and manage their networks more effectively through optimal resource allocation.
This is an area of great significance to operators as they seek to understand the demands placed on their networks by the use of popular OTT services.
Currently, there is a mismatch between the supply of and demand for talented individuals with the requisite broader skill sets,
Mckinsey predicts that by 2018 the demand for data-savvy managers and analysts in the United states will amount to 450 000,
These can be analysed to understand subscriber demand for data at both an individual level and at aggregate levels,
and understand the demand for particular applications and websites. Service access detail records Whenever a user utilizes a telecommunication service,
Of course, more efficient products may well reduce demand for new GE goods. But William Ruh, vice president of software at General electric,
like social media, mobile, analytics and embedded devices, demand different mindsets and skill sets than previous waves of transformative technology.
or analysis systems 2. Participation the data may also be obtained from public demands therefore the citizen-administration interaction is provided
The analysis of the data collected in the system could establish the level of demand and any potential seasonal factors,
or older, demonstrating a growing demand for health information, government resources, and social connections. This is why, beginning with 2009,
and all types of ICT skills are in high demand in close connection with einclusion objectives. einclusion Definition einclusion is a social movement
Secondly, the Commission proposes measures to encourage demand, particularly the demand for broadband services. Thirdly, the Commission adopts various measures within the Radio spectrum Policy in an effort to provide sufficient spectrum for future mobile broadband,
ANCOM Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Broadband services penetration in Romania According to ANCOM's biannual reports, the demand for broadband Internet services recorded a genuine boom starting from 2006
In the situation currently presented, the efforts from alternative instruments (including demand stimulation and ex ante regulation) did not solve the problems related to the lack of supply of broadband on the targeted areas.
adapted and maintained for a particular and real demand. Each entity has to identify all types of potential users,
The demand for expenditure of the R&d activities of the various sectors are largely different (mainly due to the technology, the specificities of the sector, the value of the infrastructure,
At the same time, the expenditure demand per researcher of other sectors having a large share of the GDP (e g.,
Of particular interest is that the resource demand per researcher of the highly innovative infocommuncation services,
while the resource demand per researcher of other sectors with a higher share of the GDP (e g. the automotive industry) is below the national average.
the resource demand per researcher is just over the national average. The sectors differ greatly in terms of the proportion their companies are engaged in R&d activities:
The demand for the protection of industrial property rights is extremely weak. There are no established forms
and will be unable to generate serious demand or build capacities. Stagnant activity in the field of international RDI cooperation and programmes.
In addition, the benefits derived from them emerge clearly only over a longer period of time. 72 5. 2. 3. Market instruments The market incentive instruments include the demand-side interventions of the state, the precommercial procurements (PCP) 27
The weaknesses of the financing of innovation can already be managed through financial instruments in this stage, e g. by means of refundable (loans with a preferential interest rate) and combined grants, a demand for
-innovation and public service applications, demand stimulation, networking, clusters and investments into open innovation through smart specialisation;
eco-innovation and public service applications, demand stimulation, networking, clusters and investments into open innovation through smart specialisation;
KTIA RDP Agricultural innovation-Realising the operation of demand-based consultancy system, concentrating on sectoral target groups-availability of local planning,
particularly with regard to product and service development, technology transfer, social innovation, eco-innovation and public service applications, demand stimulation, networking, clusters and investments into open innovation through smart specialisation;
which creates the demand-side incentive of innovative economic activity31, is an important objective of the EU. The potential in the (public) procurement of innovative solutions (PPI) can greatly contribute to allow the new prototypes,
quality improvements can be reached in the public services through the demand-driven and tailored procurement structures;
and strengthens the innovation from the demand side. Through public-private partnerships, the procurement process based on shared risks
which satisfies mass demand (and it is not only a solution to individual needs) and can be bought by anybody.
and the demand for quality healthcare, seem to require digitally-extended collective intelligence, such as collectively tackling problems via platforms based on crowdsourcing and cognitive mapping based on real-time data analysis and visualisation.
It is crucial for successful crowdsourcing to design the activity properly to prevent excessive demands and frustrations.
Recent global developments have revealed increasing demands of citizens for their governments and administrations to become more participatory,
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
and it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet local needs and demand.
and to address impending risks relating to technology approaching end-of-life. 2. 8 To meet the capacity demands,
for example, by migrating selected accounts into CIP. 4. 4 Other demands continue to take priority over the completion of the transition.
but there are questions regarding its ability to cope with future demand. 4. 27 Drug tariff information
demand for NHS Prescription Services is growing and there is pressure to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of the prescription service. 5. 4 The Authority intends to decommission the legacy system.
The inability to scale the system to meet demand; the lack of flexibility to adapt to changes of business rules;
and managed against a budget and prioritised business demands. Costs are challenged and optimised and the value of asset/investments is exploited fully.
expanded product range, customised products and better response to client demand. Moreover, it indicates that ICT may help reduce inefficiency in the use of capital and labour, e g. by reducing inventories,
Many first-tier suppliers in Europe, Japan and the United states have established real-time connections with large car manufacturers to respond to the latter's requests for design/production processes reflecting their changing demands and specifications for justin
however, might fail to effectively respond where SMES'demands for ICT skills are dramatically changing and more specialised.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011