along with a digital landing page with a variety of digital media choices, including free content from publications like The Economist.
157 Appendix 6 List of stakeholders Involved in Digital Agenda for Romania 2014 2020.162 Appendix 7 General and Specific Indicators Mapping...
to contribute to the economic growth and increase competitiveness in Romania, both by direct action and support of development of effective Romanian ICT and through indirect actions such as increasing efficiency and reducing public sector costs in Romania,
sustainable economic growth and to promote social inclusion, the European union has prepared the Digital Agenda for Europe 2020,
Within 2001-2008, the Romanian economy expanded by an average of 5-6 percent per year,
and has defined 4 major fields of action that will be pursued as Romania's vision of the ambitious program that will drive the economic growth and increased competitiveness,
for covering the underpinning principle stated above in pursuit of sustainable long-term economic growth. These 4 fields of action are summarized as follows:
an estimated impact on the Romanian economy of about 5%of GDP grow and 1%in terms of jobs.
Research & development and Innovation in ICT builds on the comparative advantages of regional Romania and supports economic growth in the private sector.
The implementation of the measures of the field of action 3 will generate in the period 2014-2020 an estimated impact on the Romanian economy of approximately 3%increase at the GDP level and 2%in terms of jobs.
Direct and indirect impact on the economy calculated in accordance with good practice observed in other European countries who have made similar investments may be translated into GDP growth by 13,
and to look at the investment in ICT as a way to transform the Romanian economy.
which targets to reboot Europe's economy and help Europe's citizens and businesses to get the most out of digital technologies.
which provides 3. 1. Support ecommerce for achieving economic growth and development at the European digital single market
Broadband has, through the ICT implications on the economy and its growth, an important role for the development of Romania, both in purely economic terms,
These cumulative efforts for convergence of short-term and long-term strategies for all the stakeholders involved in the governing act were necessary
For each line of action a detailed description of context, stakeholders and responsible actors, dependencies, actions and timelines can be found in the chapter dedicated to each Field of Action.
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) ICT in ecommerce%SMES which receive orders online.
for the support of the development of the commercial sector with digital content Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Support
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Improve the access to the online services Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy
and implementation of the payment and online delivery systems Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Preparation of a regulatory framework
as recommended by the Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Promotion of the competitiveness clusters and of the employees'specialization in this field especially in the excellence centers:
A sustainable, transparent and visible economy is the only way to ensure that Romania will bridge the gap with other EU economies
From a tactical perspective, based on consultation with the stakeholders in Romania (both in terms of citizens/private business as well as public sector representatives), the following table summarizes the main issues underlying the need for change.
this figure takes into account the average growth of ICT employment in Romania (7%year on year growth) before the economic downturn and projects it for the 2014 2020 period as a target for future investments.
in order to improve the growth of the ICT employment by the Romanian Government (for example the state aid scheme for creating a minimum number of jobs ICT contributed to GDP growth in all economies,
but productivity was increased mainly within the developed economies and based on the below indicators Romania needs to improve the overall growth in employment.
The Impact of ICT on Growth in Transition Economies, Marcin Piatkowski, Warsaw 2004; More information pertaining to detailed indicators of Romanian economy can be found in Appendix 1 Romanian Indicators.
Roadmap for the Digital Agenda in Romania Taking into account all the factors and the principles listed above,
Direct and indirect impact on the economy, calculated in accordance with good practice observed in other European countries who have made similar investments may be translated into GDP growth by 13,
the population of Romania and the country's level of development The Gross domestic product the estimated investments for Romania were adjusted at the total economy value expressed through the Gross domestic product Also,
as well as for the estimation of the impact upon the economy, were performed starting from and considering the methodology published by the European commission for the performance of such calculations.
and transparency of the public administration and improving the business environment represents short term strategic priorities aimed at contributing to the effective approach of the major obstacles regarding the economic growth
the European commission proposed the Cloud technologies for economic development and reduction of negative impact on environment of economic activities.
This will create the conditions for economic activity based on open data, and will stimulate cross-border applications.
increase the productivity of all sectors of the economy through improved business intelligence; more adequately address many of the challenges that face our societies;
when the economy of a country Page 69 of 170 provides other possibilities and development of entrepreneurial sense related to the professional evolution of individual.
identified and supervised within the project Knowledge Economy Romania. 2. Education by extracurricular activity based on ICT The resources used within this project are the TIC technologies for the support of extracurricular networking activities (creation camps,
These aspects put an enormous pressure on the economy and the social system. Personal lifestyle and environmental impact factors are the most significant risk factors influencing health status. ICT ehealth Definition ehealth is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.
archivists and representatives of the creational cultural industries and a way to stimulate the creative economy
economic growth and individual fulfillment. 3. 3. 3 National context ICT in Culture Approach in Romania Based on the objectives of the European union, Romania has set the following digital targets for 2020:
and also between these cultural institutions and other stakeholders. Stakeholders Responsibilities The European commission Monitors progress towards the implementation of the Commission's Recommendations Facilitates the exchange of information and good practices of MS policies and strategies Europeana Foundation Runs the Europeana. eu
portal and coordinates the network of contributing cultural institutions, currently around 2, 200 Romania as EU's Member State Ministry of Culture (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Provides most of the funding for digitization
the eculture project within the Knowledge based Economy programme, 255 Romanian disadvantaged communities had the opportunity to create
the estimated impact on the Romanian economy would be of 5%growth in terms of GDP and 1%growth in terms of jobs.
museums and audiovisual archives available online is a win-win for culture, economic growth and individual fulfillment.
or lack the necessary digital skills. 3. 4. 2 European context Social inclusion and fight against poverty are part of the European union's objectives in terms of economic growth and employment.
Overall, 255 communities across Romania, namely 1. 8 million people living within this communities had the opportunity to be part of a new knowledge-based economy, through a successful implementation of local electronic networks.
The electronic commerce continues to increase significantly, even in the context of the actual economic crisis. In 2013,30%of people living in Europe use ecommerce service. ecommerce Definition ecommerce (Electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World wide web.
%ecommerce Europe estimates the share of the European Internet economy at 3. 5, %a percentage that is set to double by 2016 and to triple by 2020.
both in the ITC sector as well as in other sectors of economy as a result of outsourcing. According to the study developed for Romania,
teams of auditors of appropriate expertise (Information & Communication Technology technicians/engineers, economists, accountants, etc.
Page 104 of 170 APPENDIX 1 SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT ITC indicators Specific to Romanian Economy Indicators 2011 2012 Number of enterprises 14595 15726
of enterprises in the TIC field of the overall turnover of enterprises with economic activity(%)4. 1%3. 6%Share of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities
of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities in information technology overall the turnover of economic activity(%)1. 0%1. 1%Source:
and in other sectors of economy pursuant to externalities. ecommerce Based on the data supplied by Eurostat,
%pupils/students (19%)and engineers, physicians, architects, professors and economists (15%.%The proportions are almost identical in case of users using fixed connections,
of the general meeting of shareholders/sole shareholder decision) 3 . If applicable, obtaining a special power of attorney (authenticated)
or assignment of shares 4. 1 The resolution of the shareholders/partners/resolution of the sole shareholder to increase the share capital
which the resolution of the shareholders/partners/resolution of the sole shareholder and the updated Articles of Incorporation with all updates,
European Bank for reconstruction and development Signing a protocol with all the Ministries for the Government Enterprise Architecture initiative (described below) Page 151 of 170 The relationship between all the stakeholders involved in the Digital Agenda Strategy for Romania
strategic enabler projects that aim to create the necessary context for other projects to be implemented will be prioritized Evidence of stakeholder involvement
The methodology for evalution will have clear indicators on how the stakeholders of each project will be involved in evaluating the impact and the success of each program/project.
Maintain the same structure for the description of the initiatives/projects Relay the right messages to all the stakeholders Adopt a uniform description of the projects that will ensure the minimal amount of rework Act as a checklist/starting point for any entity commencing an initiative,
Public service Criteria SMART Indicators Relevant SMART Indicators Evaluation & review Gap analysis Best practices Reference Model Budget Stakeholder analysis Impact analysis
and public consultation will allow stakeholders and public opinion to be expressed, at the national level..A competitive bidding procedure Whenever the authorities that grant their support will select an operator to build
commencing on the measure application date Page 162 of 170 APPENDIX 6 LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN DIGITAL AGENDA FOR ROMANIA 2014 2020 Following is a list of public authorities,
35 2. 2. Introduction of the S3 stakeholders...36 2. 3. Planning of the National Smart Specialisation Strategy...
Distribution of the gross added value by sectors of the economy in 2012,11 Figure5: Distribution of the added value of the manufacturing industry in 1995 and in 2012(%)12 Figure 6:
R&d expenditure per researcher of the business sector in some key branches and sectors of the national economy (HUF million per researcher, 2012)..20 Figure16:
Ministry for National Economy NKFIH...National Office for Research, Development and Innovation NIH...National Innovation Office NIT...
however, be noted that the expenditures of the national economy for environmental purposes have stagnated in recent years. 9 Figure1:
NIH RDI Observatory on the basis of KSH data The role played the by manufacturing industry is outstanding in the distribution of the gross added value by the sectors of the national economy (22.7 percent.
Distribution of the gross added value by sectors of the economy in 2012,%Source: KSH The sectoral distribution of the added value of the manufacturing industry has gone through a significant change in recent years:
the sectors of the national economy are shown in an aggregated manner. 2 Issued annually, the report evaluates the innovation performance of the European states on the basis of a total of 25 aspects of 8 dimension (human resources,
which are 20 increasingly important from the perspective of the economy, is only slightly above the average of the national economy.
Figure15: R&d expenditure per researcher of the business sector in some key branches and sectors of the national economy (HUF million per researcher, 2012) Source:
Own calculations of NIH RDI Observatory on the basis of KSH data In Hungary, one-fourth of the small businesses and nearly half of the medium-sized enterprises are innovative.
The proportion of companies engaged in technological innovation is 18.4%of the national economy, while the average of the manufacturing industry is somewhat higher,
which part thereof in a structure 6 http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/smact/docs/single-market-act2 hu. pdf 7 For the role of the global value chains in the international economy,
and their consequences on the nation's economic policies, see e g. OECD (2013: Interconnected Economies Benefiting from Global Value Chains. http://s3platform. jrc. ec. europa. eu/documents/10157/46174/Interconnected economies. pdf 28 created by the multinational companies.
In order to better understand the value chain, it is essential for the national economy to have proper insight into the global value movements of trade.
The global value chains allow the companies and the economies to carry out that part of the process,
which are the best at. Since they use intermediate goods and services produced elsewhere, they do need not to build an entire industry.
Competitiveness needs comprehensive strategies, among other things, research and development, innovation and training in the field of the science and the economy.
improve the competitiveness of the innovative sectors of the Hungarian economy, and help mapping and utilizing the opportunities for Hungarian participation on RDI-related large international projects.
as well as to keep its leading role in the global knowledge-based economy. The experience and the FP7 framework programme of the 2007-2013 planning period proved that the Hungarian candidates are successful in the competition for resources 29 directly accessible from Brussels. During this period
and the neighbouring countries Hungary has collaboration with in relation to RDI and the economy, and the areas thereof.
) 32 The relations between the stakeholders of the R&d value chain are weak and cooperation is not efficient enough.
which is currently operating in the industrial and agricultural zones, moves the big cities and their surroundings towards a knowledge-based economy,
and link them to the activities of the local economy. Expansion of practice-oriented training (dual training), strengthening of the education of entrepreneurial innovation management.
the presence of the multinational companies will further strengthen the local economy's integration into the global economy, the introduction of advanced technologies,
Lack or insufficient level of FDI based on R&d which is integrated properly in the Hungarian economy.
In the course of the design process, the local stakeholders representing the groups, that are the most important from the point of view of S3,
which bring long-term development to the region on the basis of the continued and systematic detection and analysis of the economy and the society of the region through the eyes of the entrepreneurs and along the interactions of the different groups,
whose central objective is to strengthen the knowledge-based national economy. The development of new knowledge-driven economy can be sorted into three main processes.
These are the processes of production of knowledge, use of knowledge and flow of knowledge.
which are intended to make the economic growth more dynamic, expand employment and reduce the national debt to a sustainable level.
and the final concepts were approved after several rounds of extensive social discussion. 2. 2. Introduction of the S3 stakeholders The full spectrum of interested stakeholders has been involved in the design of the National Smart Specialisation
and innovation has come to the light through the growth of the knowledge-based economy and the perfection of the knowledge-based society.
and local government organisations Ministries National government offices County governments County government offices Local governments of cities of county rank Economy Innovative enterprises Large enterprises SMES (including micro,
and updated the regional innovation strategies with the involvement of the local stakeholders in the spring of 2013.
and arranged by the Ministry of National Economy (NGM), the Regional Innovation Agencies and the National Innovation Office (NIH).
The potential specialisation directions formulated in the White paper also require bottom-up construction, based on the widespread participation of the regional stakeholders,
which ensures the mobilisation and involvement of the local stakeholders. The counties are responsible for establishing the specialisation directions with the involvement of all stakeholders by setting out from the local and regional experience and building on the own knowledge and information of the participants.
In developing smart specialisation the counties are required to present sectors, areas of expertise, methodologies, technologies and measures
The quadrilateral discussions (quadruple helix) of the Local Research Priorisation Working groups, on-line questionnaire available on the S3 website and the interface for commenting the strategy allowed the stakeholders to tell
and share their suggestions concerning the triangle of the economy, science and innovation. The control structure and policy measures supporting the implementation of the national S3 have been created as a result of the meetings, discussions and debates of the inter-ministerial and professional working groups.
through its resource absorption ability and resource utilisation efficiency, contributes to building an economy which is competitive in the European context.
Administrative bodies responsible for the operational programmes Operational Programme Responsible ministry Economic Development and Innovation Operational Programme (EDIOP) Ministry for the National Economy (NGM) Competitive
Central Hungary Operational Programme (CCHOP) Ministry for the National Economy (NGM) Human resources Development Operational Programme (HRDOP) Ministry of Human Capacities (EMMI) Rural Development
so that they significantly contribute to improving the competitiveness of their economies and the Union and developing a sustainable knowledge-based economy.
Hungary plans to become a knowledge economy by the end of the decade, where internationally competitive knowledge bases and intensive knowledge flows are created and,
Another important consideration is that the Hungarian economy should be sustainable from the environmental, social and economic aspects alike,
the needs of the social communities and the dynamics of the economy evolve in the most favourable manner.
Another comprehensive task of the national S3 is to enable the stakeholders, namely the public administration, the economy and the civil society,
To do this, the cooperation and supportive approach of the local stakeholders are essential. EDP has a key role to play in the continuing and extensive involvement of the actors involved,
and that the stakeholders identify with the objectives. It is also indispensable that the four key actors (business
in the course of which the main sectoral specialization directions were determined inhas also consultations with the involvement of external experts and local stakeholders.
research-development and innovation directions of specialization on the basis of substantiated status analysis, entrepreneurial attitude and the consent of the representatives of entire circle of stakeholders.
but support inter-sectoral relations as well21, are designed for the smart transformation of the economy. 4. 3. 1. National specializations In accordance with the above chapters,
of which possibilities are provided directly to the economy or the society to use significant applications. In the industrial production zones, production, manufacturing industry
the smart specialization areas can prevail particular in the following areas of science and sectors of the national economy:
which is a key sector of the national economy, to facilitate the implementation of complex RDI activities.
thus creating a synergy between economy, society and democracy. 24) 4. 3. 3. Smart technologies In determining the county specializations,
Therefore the primary objective behind the assessment of county specialisations has been to make the sectors and technologies with sufficient critical mass/potential visible, with the involvement of local stakeholders (EDP.
provide a framework for the implementation of the national S3 specialization directions defined by the county stakeholders in the National S3 Strategy.
since they can be used for providing targeted sources to the stakeholders while reasonably balancing risk-sharing.
The consistency and links between the interests of the various stakeholders is one prerequisite of a well-functioning innovation system.
as factors of competitiveness of the Hungarian economy-In: PM Research Papers No. 6. 74 5. 3. Intervention matrix Grouping of policy instruments by thematic objectives and types of instruments Direct instruments Thematic priority Policy measures
the strengthening of the role of forestry in the bio-economy-Strengthening of the public welfare and tourism potential of forests EARDF, KTIA RDP Strengthening of cooperation between the stakeholders in agribusiness and certain stakeholders
and promoting the sustainable operation of the already running businesses-Promoting special economic activities based on internal resources in regions with a shortage of human resources and undertakings-Strengthening the cooperation between the stakeholders in the rural economy-Managing the problems
and innovation performance in agribusiness undertakings Strengthening of cooperation between the stakeholders in agribusiness and certain stakeholders in research and innovation,
and innovation performance in agribusiness undertakings Strengthening of cooperation between the stakeholders in agribusiness and certain stakeholders in research and innovation,
and innovation performance in agribusiness undertakings Strengthening of cooperation between the stakeholders in agribusiness and certain stakeholders in research and innovation,
the needs of the economy appear in the education and research directions of higher education, 80 thus,
/files/meeting-procurementfeb2012/summary-eu-supportpublic-procurement-innovative-solutions en. pdf 81 Incubator programme The technology incubators have become an integral part of the economic policy toolkit of the developed
including, among other things, an agreement of the government and relevant business stakeholders regarding the scope of the objectives and the agenda.
Improving the competitiveness of businesses and development of knowledge economy; budget: EUR 202.2 M (50%funding intensity;
thus preserving the values of the rural regions and the economic stability of the local communities.
and the economic policy toolkits managing the resources. An important condition of the preliminary (ex ante) system of conditions of the Partnership Agreement between the European union and Hungary is that the National Smart Specialization Strategy should present the EU and domestic sources available for domestic
and the possibility of local stakeholders to participate in it x 1 Recommended S3 rounds of review x x 1, 2, 3 Recommended county-level consultations x x
and inform the various stakeholders about the meaning, conditions and consequences of the examined activities (instrumental goal).
and opinions formulated by the stakeholders in a certain form in the finished document and,
also formulated by the stakeholders, be validated in the document and its modification? Program design and modification Implementation Interim and ex-post assessment Utilisation and transfer of assessment results 90 Approved and available:
if the priorities formulated by the stakeholders in the public consultations have been integrated in the document as the fundamental and essential elements of the S3 specialisation.
and then at predefined intervals (on the basis of the latest stakeholder feedback). Basically, the indicators play a significant role in the results-oriented programmes,
which develop the local and the national economy. Place where the resources are spent. In addition to that this typical indicator should also report on the territorial/geographical location of the specific feature (city, area, region,
since it can be a potential breakthrough point for the area's economy. The directions and definitions of the assessment indicators extended to the monitoring system clearly show that the two inseparable components of the system create a proper combination for the operation of the system through their interdependency and cross-references.
Society, economy, and even human psychology itself are undergoing an irreversible change, which we as citizens and policymakers are still struggling to understand.
with least activity around DSI science and technology projects (110) and DSI finance and economy solutions, such as crowdfunding for social good projects (104).
the collaborative economy, cities and public services; open tools and distributed architectures; and citizen engagement and direct democracy. 2. Make it easier to grow and spread DSI through public procurement:
and economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale social challenges remains largely untapped.
in particular campaigning sites such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement.
3) collaborative economy;(4) new ways of making;(5) open democracy; and (6) acceleration and incubation.
and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations More Filters Screenshot of the crowdmap www
the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks that incentivise experimentation with new models in a variety of domains.
which create new forms of value that are limited not to economic value, but that result in largescale social impact.
We are undergoing a transformation that involves society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Economy Open Democracy Funding Acceleration and Incubation The organisations and projects identified to date can roughly be grouped within six broad domains.
1) New ways of making,(2) Open democracy,(3) The collaborative economy,(4) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles,(5) Open Access
Hexegan schematic of the 6 areas of DSITHE collaborative economy and the many other umbrella terms used to describe the rise of digital marketplaces for people to make transactions and share skills,
The Collaborative Economy has been documented by organisations like the P2p Foundation, Nesta, and Ouishare. Across the world the burgeoning field of collaborative consumption is using digital platforms to change how people share resources and exchange goods and services,
It is now setting up branches in the UK and USA COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY New collaborative socioeconomic models that present novel characteristics,
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 25 Ouishare SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK Ouishare is a global collaborative consumption network founded in January 2012.
The overarching aim of Ouishare is to shift the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect,
Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events. Ouishare. net is an online community where members can post articles on collaborative consumption
which brings together the global collaborative economy community. The 2014 event took place in Paris
or interested in, the collaborative economy. In parallel thousands of alternative currencies are focused in use some on localities (e g. the Brixton Pound in the UK or Chiemgauer in Germany;
Bitcoin) 7. Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example, valorising labour time equally,
Goteo SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
When using urban labs as a tool for urban development city government can improve relationships with their citizens by testing ideas in real world settings with all relevant stakeholders:
and sharing economy platforms like Peerby are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups
Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise and coordinating inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders.
including crowdfunding and P2p lending that has been documented deeply by Nesta in the UK14 36 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Case studies categorised into the 6 different types of DSI COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY FUNDING ACCELERATION
-based knowledge economy. The project is a joint research effort sponsored by the Coordinating Ministry of Knowledge and Human Talent, the Senescyt,(Secretaria National de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion) and the IAEN
FINANCE AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT SMART PUBLIC SERVICES ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Health and Wellbeing Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data 47 45 44 41 40 38 34 25 18 17 15 12 6 5
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
The collaborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest but also more scattered community (7. 41 per cent), consisting of Esade, the IRI,
and Horizon 202022 present an integrated approach to help the EU economy become more competitive,
and the collaborative economy. These platforms based on open technology can gather and integrate information in order to allow participation and citizens'feedback,
and agents (stakeholders in a broad sense, including implementers and decision makers. The Futurium platform is based on the metaphor of emergent collective intelligence,
and combines the informal nature of social networks with a methodological approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process.
In Seoul, the Mayor has designed programmes for the sharing economy and citizen engagement. Colombia set up a centre for social innovation within its government,
which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35. Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 69 Some other examples come from private organisations.
The competition invited Europeans to come up with new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
Standards will enable new business models for co-operation between multiple stakeholders such as companies, public authorities and citizens to develop meaningful technologies.
when it is perceived as fair by all stakeholders, seeking the right balance between the interests of creators (to control their work
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately €40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data in a harmonised and more transparent way.
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
engaging effectively in multi-stakeholder processes. Distributed and open architectures Community and bottom-up networking 5. 3 RESEARCH
Qualitative responses to the idea-interviews or meetings/consultation with key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed
This focus could be on four key areas of opportunity in DSI. a. Collaborative economy b. Digital social innovation in cities and public services c. Open tools and distributed architectures
health authorities and universities to pilot large-scale DSI experiments around collaborative economy, direct democracy, distributed energy, civic health and bottom-up smart city solutions.
Within the single digital social market it should be easier for digital social innovations such as collaborative economy
'Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE 31.4 (2012): 54-62.5 http://www. nesta. org. uk/publications/making-sense-uk-collaborative-economy Manchester
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