It is thought generally that ICT is one of the major contributors to economic growth and economic efficiency:
capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social inclusion by 20 0, was interpreted as a need to boost the SME sector in Europe.
and the introduction of a holistic view of the resulting techno-social and economic system inspired by the multi-scalar biological ecosystem metaphor.
It looks at new institutional and transaction costs economics (Coase 937; Williamson, 975; Benkler, 2002) as well as at the economics of sharing (Benkler, 2004) and community currencies.
Perhaps most importantly, it strives to remain open to new ideas coming from research and academia as well as from business and development experience.
or even prescription, for a healthy dynamic equilibrium of economic systems. We do not consider Game theory a good framework for explaining what has happened in the regions that have adopted the Digital Ecosystems approach primarily
The Representations that Populate Digital Ecosystemsthe digital ecosystem is the ICT infrastructure designed to support economic activities,
The movement of information goods to centre stage as drivers of economic growth The ever more widespread use of the peer-to-peer modes of conducting the distribution
Up to now economic theory suggests that long-term incentives are stronger under three conditions: more visible performance to the relevant audience (peers, labour market, and venture capital community;
As a consequence, a revival of interest in social economics and the construct of social economics has emerged.
The economic theory, Work Foundation. Degelsegger, A. & Kesselring, A. 2012. Do Nonhumans Make a Difference?
and adjusted on a yearly basis. The threshold is not based on any economic theory of an optimal tax rate that minimizes distortions
The nonlinear transformation is not based on any economic theory of an optimal tax rate that minimizes distortions
and economic value is understood relatively well. But, despite the founding ethos of technologies like the World wide web being aligned to social good,
ICT and the Internet are critical to help Europe sustain long-term economic growth and create new jobs.
and to manage creative interactions a central issue of economic policy. Harnessing collective intelligence will be a crucial determinant of success for businesses, for governments,
and the technical that create new forms of value that are limited not to economic value, but that result in large-scale social impact,
economics, and sociology literatures, and will be validated in the selected cases through interviews and the online survey,
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately €40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data in a harmonised and more transparent way,
'Created in 2008 in the wake of Iceland's economic collapse, Citizen Foundation founders Gunnar Grímsson and Róbert Bjarnason describe how they decided to develop the platform
because they felt the economic collapse was as much a democratic crisis as a financial one. To address this perceived loss of trust in politicians,
In simpler terms the Open Government Vienna project has seen the city adopt an open data policy and share data related to population, economics and science.
Relevant data also comes from around the areas of statistics, geospatial, transportation and economics. This shift to transparency
approximately two thirds of Vienna's real economic growth is due to innovation. What is the role of the organisation within the DSI ecosystem?
and economic value is understood relatively well. But, despite the founding ethos of technologies like the World wide web being aligned to social good,
ICT and the Internet are critical to help Europe sustain long-term economic growth and create new jobs.
and to manage creative interactions a central issue of economic policy. Harnessing collective intelligence will be a crucial determinant of success for businesses, for governments,
and the technical that create new forms of value that are limited not to economic value, but that result in large-scale social impact,
economics, and sociology literatures, and will be validated in the selected cases through interviews and the online survey,
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately €40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data in a harmonised and more transparent way,
'Created in 2008 in the wake of Iceland's economic collapse, Citizen Foundation founders Gunnar Grímsson and Róbert Bjarnason describe how they decided to develop the platform
because they felt the economic collapse was as much a democratic crisis as a financial one. To address this perceived loss of trust in politicians,
In simpler terms the Open Government Vienna project has seen the city adopt an open data policy and share data related to population, economics and science.
Relevant data also comes from around the areas of statistics, geospatial, transportation and economics. This shift to transparency
approximately two thirds of Vienna's real economic growth is due to innovation. What is the role of the organisation within the DSI ecosystem?
PDF 29 http://ec. europa. eu/information society/policy/psi/revision directive/index en. htm 10 which will greatly contribute to bringing the economic value of PSI to the market.
These will help Member States achieve very fast broadband connections throughout the EU, an essential element for future economic growth.
Material productivity expresses the amount of economic value generated by a unit of material input or consumption.
Energy productivity expresses the amount of economic value generated by one unit of energy input or consumption. 5 SERI 2011, Global Material Flow Database. 2011 Version. www. materialflows
Eco-innovation in Romanian SMES ROXANA VOICU-DOROBANTU Department of International Business and Economics Bucharest University of Economics Bd.
Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA rovodo@gmail. com http://www. rei. ase. ro DOREL MIHAI PARASCHIV Department of International Business and Economics Bucharest
University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA paraschiv@inde. ro http://www. rei. ase. ro ANA MARIA MARINOIU Department of International Business and Economics Bucharest
University of Economics Bd. Dacia, 41, Bucharest ROMANIA anamarinoiu@yahoo. com http://www. rei. ase. ro Abstract:
-The paper presents the results of a qualitative research on the perception and implementation of ecoinnovation in Romanian SMES.
economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Its multilateralism leads thus to it being on the agenda of various international bodies,
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 186 2 Problem Formulation 2. 1 Eco-innovation Basic concepts Defined as the production, assimilation or exploitation of a product, production process,
A taxonomy of Eco-innovations according to Andersen (2008) General purpose Macroorganizational Alternative Integrated Add-on Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN:
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 188 References: 1 Abrahamson E.,Rosenkopf L. 1997), Social network Effects on the Extent of Innovation Diffusion:
A Framework for Innovation and Environmental Economics. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 03-01, Mannheim 14 Cantono S, Silverberg G (2008), A percolation model of eco-innovation diffusion:
2000), How Should We Study the Relationship between Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 189 Environmental Regulation and Innovation?
Rennings, K. 2000) Redefining Innovation-Eco-innovation Research and the Contribution from Ecological Economics, Ecological Economics, 32,319-322.36 Soete, L. 1987) The impact of technological innovation
Recent Researches in Applied Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-009-1 190
Position Paper e-Regulation Ecommerce Europe's Proposal for Sustainable Growth of E-commerce in Europe www. ecommerce-europe. eu POSITION PAPER 3table of contents1 Introduction
and recommendations of the Copenhagen Economics study into the Pricing Behaviour of postal operators. 4 Cross border parcel-delivery should be improved, without disproportionally affecting e-commerce businesses. 53.
We conducted empirical research to investigate the strength of ICT's impact on economic growth, based on a cross-section model of 60 countries.
Despite high spending and the widespread adoption of sophisticated ICT infrastructure, European countries continue to lag behind on key measures of economic growth and productivity.
First, why hasn't heavy investment in ICT delivered the economic growth and acceleration in productivity experienced in the US?
the Economist Intelligence Unit conducted empirical research to investigate the strength of ICT's impact on economic growth, based on a cross-section model of 60 countries.
The Economist Intelligence Unit's cross-section analysis of 60 countries confirms the general view that ICT is linked strongly to economic growth in developed countries.
and use will begin to affect economic growth only after an adjustment period. Executive Summary The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 5 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge ICT accounts for much of Europe's lag behind the US in growth performance in recent years.
therefore have a large impact on the economy's ability to reap greater economic growth and productivity gains.
and economists that the EU as a whole was falling behind the United states in key measures of economic growth, most crucially that of labour productivity growth.
even after the intervening economic downturn experienced on both sides of the Atlantic. Why does the US outpace Europe in productivity growth?
The optimists believe that this heavy investment in ICT will soon pay off in higher productivity and economic growth.
I The economic impact of ICT The question of technology's impact on economic growth and productivity has fascinated and perplexed governments,
Those that believe ICT has a key role to play in economic growth look to the example of the United states. America's formidable growth
together with a strong performance in most of the ICT enablers, tend to deliver faster economic growth.
Eike Röhling, director-general of technology policy in the federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, cites the shortage of venture capital as one of the key barriers to innovation in his country.
Investment in ICT and Economic growth, mimeo. Bartelsman, Eric, Andrea Bassanini, John Haltiwanger, Ron Jarmin, Stefano Scarpetta and Thorsten Schank, 2002, The Spread of ICT and Productivity Growth Is Europe Really Lagging Behind in the New Economy?
Colecchia, Alessandra and Paul Schreyer, 2002, The Contribution of Information and Communication Technologies to Economic growth in Nine OECD Countries, OECD Economic Studies, No. 34.
Jorgenson, Dale, Mun Ho and Kevin Stiroh, Lessons for Europe from the U s. Growth Resurgence, CESIFO Economics Studies, Vol. 49,1/2003, pp 27-47.
OECD, 2003, ICT and Economic growth: Evidence from OECD Countries, Industries and Firms, Paris: OECD. Oulton, Nick, 2001, ICT and Productivity Growth in the United kingdom, Bank of england Working Paper, No. 140.
The Contribution of ICT Investment to Economic growth and Labor Productivity in Poland 1995-2000, Warsaw:
This market evolution, associated with an efficient regulatory framework, will promote economic growth and play a key role in the EU's competitiveness strategy.
leading to win-win solutions for economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Smartgrids: Enhancing grid flexibility
Future work should adopt a techno-economic system approach for a trans-European network. This calls for the development of:
but also economics & market, regulatory & legal and environmental aspects. A skills shortfall is a key risk to the successful adoption of the Smartgrids vision for Europe.
to define a coherent and unified industry-driven approach to tackling major economic, technological and societal challenges, of vital importance for Europe's future competitiveness and economic growth.
economic growth and interconnectedness together with rising levels of education in many parts of the world have enabled a technological revolution in life sciences.
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Entrepreneurship is defined as the pursuit of opportunities beyond the resources you currently control. 10 Turning an innovative idea into economic activity creates companies, economic growth and jobs.
Increased demand for collateral after the economic crisis restricts access to bank loans for entrepreneurs The European Small Business Finance Outlook 2013
and The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 show that the financial and economic crisis continues to impact capital supply by influencing financing
Innovation-driven entrepreneurship is one of the key focus areas in the Finnish government's economic policy.
Most of the economic policy measures that the government takes include the aspect of supporting innovation.
Portugal still struggles to extract economic value out of its scientific excellence, and Portuguese business innovation lags behind its European peers in technological outputs of the innovation effort.
Over time, on an economy-wide scale, innovation has contributed as much as 70%to the UK's economic growth.
Caroline Jenner, Chief executive officer, Junior Achievement-Young Enterprise (JA-YE) Europe Various forms of women-led economic activity are important to the growth agenda.
Jimmy wales, Founder and Chair Emeritus, Board of trustees, Wikimedia Foundation We need to rethink education of the next generation of entrepreneurs to encourage market-generating innovation as a basis for sustainable economic growth.
As engines of economic growth, innovation and technological progress, they have brought much good to humanity. But as the financial crisis of 2008 has demonstrated,
In 2030, the world's largest corporations are those that harness Swarm Economics, with hundreds of thousands of individuals coming together to solve the highest value problems,
From Fortress Firms to Cambrian Corporations Mark Esposito, Associate professor of Business and Economics, Grenoble Graduate school of Business, France,
and Instructor, Harvard university Extension School, USA Olaf Groth, Professor for Global Strategy, Innovation, Management and Economics, HULT International Business school, USA Fostering Innovation-driven
and capturing value from new economic activity. The future shape of the global corporation will require a redefinition of
please email europeentrepreneurship@weforum. org. 56 Enhancing Europe's Competitiveness Endnotes 1. The entrepreneurial life cycle is defined here as including the factors influencing an individual to turn an idea into economic activity or join a start-up as an employee,
Diedrichs, E. 2013), Do SMES lose their appetite for innovation during the economic crisis? Blog on Innovationmanagement. se. 16.
Young Global Leader Paul Campbell, Chief executive officer, Start-up Genie, USA Cross-report contributors Olaf Groth, Professor for Global Strategy, Innovation, Management and Economics
, HULT International Business school, USA Mark Esposito, Associate professor of Business and Economics, Grenoble Graduate school of Business, France,
which span a broad range of economic activities in a disparate set of industries across different countries. 4. This section briefly explains
One of the most important implications of globalisation is that the comparative advantage of OECD nations is shifting away from traditional factors of production, such as land, labour and capital, towards knowledge-based economic activities.
Globalisation 5. Perhaps the most radical change in the economic landscape of the end of the 20th century has been the shift in economic activity away from a local or national sphere toward a much more international or global.
The measures of transnational economic activity which prove there has been a strongly positive trend toward greater global activity include:
and (5) shift into knowledge-based economic activities. 8. While some firms fell victim to the first strategy, many of the firms from OECD countries that have restructured successfully resorted to alternatives 2,
This alternative involves shifting economic activity out of traditional industries, where the high-cost countries of the OECD have lost their comparative advantage,
and into those knowledge-based industries where comparative advantage is compatible with both high wages and high levels of employment knowledge based economic activity.
Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity, many scholars have predicted the demise of SMES.
But in fact, the share of economic activity accounted for by SMES has risen in most OECD countries.
This is consistent with economic theories of innovation and technical change where inputs to the innovative process are understood to be heterogeneous
Jacobs thus develops a theory about how a greater variety of industries within a geographic region promotes knowledge externalities, ultimately innovative, activity and economic growth. 14 50.
) WK1 16 because it maximises the ability of firms to appropriate economic value accruing from their investments in new knowledge,
) Results of a study by Feldman and Audretsch (1999) indicate that a region characterised by a diversity of firms engaged in complementary economic activities,
and knowledge developed for a particular application can have economic value in very different applications. As Glaeser et al. observed, intellectual breakthroughs must cross hallways and streets more easily than oceans and continents..
An emerging economics literature demonstrates that knowledge spillovers are constrained indeed geographically. Data constraints can be overcome to study the extent of knowledge spillovers
There is considerable evidence that the transnational economic activities of SMES have been increasing over time. Not only has the absolute value of foreign direct investment activities by small and medium-sized enterprises increased over time,
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Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512 520 2212-5671 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3. 0/).Selection
and/or peer review under responsibility of Scientific Committe of IECS 2014 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics
1994) The recent economic downturn is regarded as one of the worst since the 1930s crisis and its effects are still evident all over the globe
and implemented measures to avoid an economic collapse, but economic and competitiveness growth is improving slowly.
Most entrepreneurial initiatives start as SMES rather than big companies and entrepreneurial small firms are considered to be the backbone of the economic system,
For the survey it was used an optimum allocation stratified sampling method. 514 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics
HR training 2010 2011 2012 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512 520 515 enterprises allocated between 6 and 10%to innovation.
Cooperation with other organization for R&d activities 516 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512 520 performances, especially during the last years of economic downturn.
so it interferes with economic growth. Knowing and understating the obstacles to innovation for SMES is important both to entrepreneurs/owners/managers but also to the government.
in order to contribute to economic growth. Figure 3: Barriers for R&d activities in Romanian SMES Source: CNIPMMR, White Charter of Romanian SMES 11th Edition, Sigma Publishing house, 2013 In regard to the barriers to innovation entrepreneurs from SMES mentioned the high cost implied by R&d activities (56.32
Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512 520 517 Figure 4: IT use in Romanian SMES Source:
Others Intranet Selling/shopping online None of the above Own website E-mail Internet Computers 518 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512
Monthly subscription fee for usage Better performance through internal business Detailed reports of departments activities Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014
2004). 4. Conclusions The economic downturn affected the SMES in the whole world and through globalization the negative effects reached countries from all corners of the globe the
Under these circumstances in which the SMES sector is a potential key factor for future economic growth
As Wennekers and Thurik stated possibilities for economic growth, job creation and innovation can come from SMES (Wennekers & Thurik,
Project ID 133255 (2014), cofinanced by the European Social Fund within the Sectorial Operational Program Human resources Development 2007 2013.520 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics
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