Higher-than-the-average entrepreneurship is explained with the concentration of economic activity in this region and with the above average development level of supporting institutions and industries.
CH was affected seriously by the economic crisis that started in 2008. Over a period of two years, the number of unemployed doubled, reaching 120,500 in 2010.
Synthesis Report for the European commission, DG for Regional Policy, on behalf of the network for European Techno-Economic policy Support (ETEPS AISBL) http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/sources/docgener
Eötvös Lorán University and University of Technology and Economics. It is home mainly to ICT firms and to the European Institute of Innovation & Technology.
For example, forms of collaborative consumption that promote sustainable economics and socially responsible companies, can be of use for people
Studied extensively in economics, the network effect has also been used to analyse company behaviour, showing how being embedded in a network can provide benefits
and by almost any discipline dealing with human social organisations (e g. law, economics, anthropology, sociology, history).
USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP). Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to these projects,
social value, collection value, educational value and economic value, are becoming increasingly important as museums strive to balance new technological developments, economic challenges and a changing public.
i e. to transform Europe into'the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion'.
in order to recover from that crisis they must restore the conditions for economic growth on which a basis of fair redistribution of wealth can be achieved.
For instance, General electric forecasts that embedding Internet technologies into machines could add $10-$15 trillion in economic growth worldwide over the next 20 years. 3 The quest for resource efficiency will become an increasingly important driver,
Solutions that aim at the gradual uncoupling of economic growth from resource consumption are essential for the sustainability of entire economies.
Despite the economic crisis, healthcare budgets around the world continue to increase, driven by escalating demand, new clinical practices,
Technological and economic growth must be inclusive and accessible to those who need it. This concept is recognised strongly in the H2020 subtheme on Inclusive
contributes to economic growth and job creation and to the achievement of the digital single market through the increasing offer of new and innovative online products and services.
as well as the efforts to provide funding for digitisation in a time of economic crisis; -the valuable work done by Europeana,
DEVELOPMENTS OF THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION POLICY AND SYSTEM 2. 1 National economic and political context The contraction in economic activity persisted until the 4th quarter of 2012,
The most important objective of the Hungarian economic policy is supporting the economic growth and increasing of the employment.
The economic crisis had severe impact on the Hungarian economy. According to the forecasts of 1 KSH (2013:
therefore, would need attention both by STI and economic policy-makers. Recognised this challenge, the RDI strategy 2013-2020 set as a main objective to increase the dynamism of collaborations
and economic policies pursued since June 2010 have increased fiscal tensions-No public contribution is paid to the KTIA,
Ministry for National Economy, November 2013.57 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BERD Business Expenditures for Research and development BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics CERN European Organisation for Nuclear
and how not to The public discourse on economic policy is focused overwhelmingly on fiscal measures, monetary interventions, welfare programs and other such highly visible instruments of government action.
After decades of debate there is now some convergence in economics about the roles of the market and the state.
Over the years meticulous research, collection of increasingly sophisticated data and the advance of economic theory and innovative modeling have given us a better understanding of this machine.
Nevertheless, one has to approach economic policy making with a certain humility, keeping an eye on the fact that what we,
all this time, took to be established an feature of economics may be open to question. In brief the discipline is evolving
These results encourage further research to better understand the mechanisms behind the link between business regulations and firm creation and potentially economic growth.
Doing Business 2015 Going Beyond Efficiency About Doing Business Economic activity requires sensible rules that encourage firm start-up
and establishing a solid foundation for sustainable economic growth. There are many other important goals to pursue such as effective management of public finances, adequate attention to education and training
NOTES 1. The focus of the Doing Business indicators remains the regulatory regime faced by domestic firms engaging in economic activity in the largest business city of an economy.
Analysis done in the World bank Group's Global Indicators Group has shown that countries that have sensible rules for domestic economic activity also tend to FIGURE 2. 3 How governments use Doing Business as a policy tool Reform committees use Doing Business
Better governance (including better regulatory quality) leads to higher income per capita. 5 Better governance is linked to faster economic growth. 6
And a heavier regulatory burden reduces economic growth and increases macroeconomic volatility. 7 While this research uses data far from the areas into
the business environment can have an important influence on the development of the private sector and economic growth and thus on the creation of jobs and better livelihoods.
which in turn is associated strongly with job creation and economic growth. Using a sample of OECD countries, researchers found that,
Portugal's continual reforms in labor market regulation are in part a response to the economic downturn that followed the global financial crisis.
job creation and economic growth also tend to be higher. 1 Moreover, as more businesses formalize, the tax base expands,
and pursue other social and economic policy objectives. As the first interface between the regulator and a potential new entrepreneur, company registries hold the key to the formal economy,
The reforms are driven by the conviction that an efficient business climate can reduce poverty by fostering economic growth and job creation. 10 As part of a series of reforms of the start-up process,
A reliable, transparent, complete and secure land registration system plays an important part in supporting access to credit and economic growth for all.
therefore fundamental to functioning markets and wealth-generating economic activity. The Doing Business indicators on protecting minority investors analyze the regulation of related-party transactions
and yet that could prove to be a particularly important area of legislation and source of economic growth in economies with less developed stock exchanges and capital markets.
and public investments to promote economic growth and development and build a prosperous and orderly society.
This balancing act is intensified during periods of crisis. In an economic downturn some categories of public spending may automatically rise,
Revenue declined by another 1. 1%of GDP in 2009.1 The financial crisis led to a shrinking of economic activity
the global financial and economic crisis also led to growing tax compliance risks in some economies.
But in an economic downturn businesses tend to underreport tax liabilities underpay the taxes due, fail to file their tax returns on time
These were aimed at easing the administrative burden of tax compliance to counter the greater risk of tax evasion during economic downturns.
Changes easing the administrative burden of tax compliance countered the greater risk of tax evasion that arises during economic downturns.
good judicial institutions can also contribute to economic growth and development. Indeed an effective judiciary, by providing a structured, timely and orderly framework for resolving disputes, fosters economic stability and growth.
Moreover, efficient contract enforcement is essential to allow true freedom of contract. Even where the law allows extensive freedom of contract,
above irregular income and lack of job security. 1 Yet evidence suggests that the exit of firms from the market is a necessary condition for economic growth,
and measured by the resolving insolvency indicators World bank principles UNCITRAL guide Resolving insolvency indicators Integrate with a country's broader legal and commercial systems Provision of certainty in the market to promote economic stability
Klapper, Love and Randall (2014) investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth and the effect of the 2008 09 global financial crisis on new firm registration.
One important policy implication of their findings is that fostering an efficient regulatory environment for the financial and private sector can contribute to economic growth by aiding the efficient exit of insolvent firms during economic slowdowns
INNOVATION AND THE CONSTRAINTS OF RED TAPE Innovation is a key source of economic growth, so understanding the dynamics of innovative firms is important.
which results in a larger volume of credit and ultimately greater economic growth. While confirming the causal link from law to finance,
CONCLUSION The research papers reviewed in this chapter show that business-friendly regulation is integral to economic growth
The initial empirical exercise uses a simple model with entry density as the dependent variable and economic growth (as a proxy for the business cycle) as the main independent variable.
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Procedural law and Bank Lending to Private Sector: Evidence from India paper presented at the conference Doing Business:
The threshold is not based on any economic theory of an optimal tax rate that minimizes distortions or maximizes efficiency in an economy's overall tax system.
) The nonlinear transformation is not based on any economic theory of an optimal tax rate that minimizes distortions
and can have a significant impact on economic growth and competitiveness. 2 That impact can be negative where regulatory interventions are insufficient or excessive,
Doing Business) under the general direction of Augusto Lopez-Claros (Director, Global Indicators Group, Development Economics).
Mccarty MEKONG ECONOMICS U Maung Maung (Arthur) Myint LS HORIZON (MYANMAR) LIMITED Sansan Myint Wai (Susan) LS HORIZON (MYANMAR) LIMITED
and enhance investments Finance is crucial to business success and an important factor for economic growth in Europe, especially in view of any past or future economic crisis.
A greater awareness and adoption of a design-driven innovation approach and design thinking can impact positively on economic growth and job creation in Irish SMES. 10danish National Agencyfor Enterprise and Housing (2003.
and economic growth and design-driveninnovation has a role to play; That innovation is a key part of internationalisation and company growth;
Theseofferings range from consulting or advisory services, on-site mentoring, matchmaking between designers and businesses, education and training anddissemination of information about the economic value of design.
and uses service design as a tool for economic growth within the advanced materials and manufacturing sector.
The economics of standardization, Final report for Standards and Technical Regulations Directorate. UK department of Trade and Industry, University of Manchester;
Today, Germany's ICT industry generates almost 85 billion euros of economic value added, and therefore contributes more to the economy than the traditional industries such as mechanical engineering or automotive.
free and secure global Internet as a space for diversity of opinion, participation, innovation and as an engine for economic growth and work.
Nathalia holds a Master of science In public Policy and Management and a Bachelor of arts in Economics. The authors wish to thank Susan Schorr, Head, ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau Special Initiatives Division, for her advice, direction and contributions during the preparation of the report.
High youth unemployment not only hampers economic growth, for youth it can be a debilitating experience that affects their desire
holding back economic growth while stifling the aspirations of people recently entering the workforce and at the beginnings of their careers.
Gallup 2. 2 The skills mismatch In addition to the protracted economic crisis from which many countries are still trying to recover,
since the economic crisis started. 26 2. 4 Regional trends: Developing countries The labour market in the developing world is highly diverse
First Findings,(Eurofound, 2011), 5. 23 Clive R. Belfield, Henry M. Levin, Rachel Rosen, The Economic value of Opportunity Youth,(Washington, D c.:
at 21 per cent of the total population. 39 Although this represents an opportunity for economic growth,
and Vodafone. 83 The app economy refers to the range of economic activity surrounding mobile applications.
Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012: The New App Economy,(June 2012) 4, www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-app-economy/.
/Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 22 Jobs in the app economy can be categorized as follows:
and people in these regions become more engaged. 95 Mandel and Scherer, The Geography of the App Economy, 15.96 Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012:
Developer Economics 2012 For developers focusing on in-region, for-region development, the opportunity may lie in addressing market gaps in app categories in their own country.
For economic growth in the app economy, it is crucial for developers to be able to continuously update their technical skills,
community mapping and social media tools are offering new ways that young people can play a role in smart energy-efficient economic growth,
language training, especially English. 6 Entrepreneurship skills and support It is recognized widely that entrepreneurship is a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growth and employment opportunities around the world.
partnerships across sectors to spur innovation, economic growth and employment. International agencies have played a vital role by bringing attention to the urgent needs of youth,
"The Economic value of Opportunity Youth.""Washington, D c.:Corporation for National and Community Service and the White house Council for Community Solutions, 2012.
Developer Economics 2012: The New App Economy. 2012. www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-appeconomy/.
/Walton, Marion, and Jonathan Donner. Public Access, Private Mobile. Global Impact Study Research Report Series.
This diminished trust in business leads political leaders to set policies that undermine competitiveness and sap economic growth.
which involves creating economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its needs and challenges.
but the return will be greater economic value and broader strategic benefits for all participants. The Roots of Shared Value At a very basic level, the competitiveness of a company and the health of the communities around it are intertwined closely.
How Shared Value Is created Companies can create economic value by creating societal value. There are three distinct ways to do this:
creating major economic value for the company. Employee productivity. The focus on holding down wage levels, reducing benefits,
and unlock new economic value that most businesses have missed. Enabling Local Cluster Development No company is self-contained.
The opportunity to create economic value through creating societal value will be one of the most powerful forces driving growth in the global economy.
and introduce new products and processes in a way consistent with the economics of their business. Fourth, they put in place universal measurement
Companies will come to understand that the right kind of regulation can actually foster economic value creation. Finally, regulation will be needed to limit the pursuit of exploitative, unfair,
But that purpose should arise not out of charity but out of a deeper understanding of competition and economic value creation.
but self-interested behavior to create economic value by creating societal value. If all companies individually pursued shared value connected to their particular businesses,
and expertise of the company to create economic value by creating social value. In both cases, compliance with laws and ethical standards and reducing harm from corporate activities are assumed.
and do not depart from economic value creation. Instead, they represent the next stage in our understanding of markets
After a workshop on social innovation in 2009, President Barroso asked the Bureau of Economic policy Advisors to draft a report on social innovation as driver for social change,
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
must be driven primarily by economic value. In contrast, the social innovator's projects are driven primarily by social values,
For example, forms of collaborative consumption that promote sustainable economics and socially responsible companies, can be of use for people
Studied extensively in economics, the network effect has also been used to analyse company behaviour, showing how being embedded in a network can provide benefits
and by almost any discipline dealing with human social organisations (e g. law, economics, anthropology, sociology, history).
USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP). Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to these projects,
and economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale social challenges remains largely untapped.
which create new forms of value that are limited not to economic value, but that result in largescale social impact.
which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35. Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 69 Some other examples come from private organisations.
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately €40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data in a harmonised and more transparent way.
Furthermore, they argue that the crisis has revealed the weakness of the current economic system of redistribution;
In other words, market economics and social security do not exclude each other, but which comes first? Two different schools of thought gave a different meaning to this concept.
social justice and economic growth are now being revisited. 19 This short history of the term gives some idea of its heuristic but ambiguous meanings from its origins to the present.
should this driver be geared solely to economic growth or should it serve the goals of social as well as economic cohesion?
i e. the 20 http://www. economist. com/economics-a-to-z/s#node-21529660.21 Article 3 of the Treaty on European union states:‘
It shall work for the sustainable development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability,
management scholars have recognised the parallels between biological and economic systems. The concept of an ecosystem which in biology refers to an environment where different, sometimes competing,
Portugal has to restore economic growth, employment, and make long-term structural reforms at all levels, but especially at institutional and economic levels (public sector, public services, competition, etc.).
increasing income inequality and longterm unemployment without relying on economic growth as a panacea. Investing in health and education, preferably as early as possible (e g. through early childhood education and care interventions) will help reduce costs in the long term,
At the heart of these, the European Semester95 is a yearly cycle of economic policy coordination involving EU-level policy guidance by the European commission
and budgets, ensuring de facto a better coordination of national efforts to overcome the crisis. It is worth noting that responses to the crisis had prompted the Member States to seriously tighten their economic policy coordination.
and support. 2. 1. 1. European Social Fund Taking into account the financial and economic crisis
including those on the margins of economic growth. LEADER also encourages interregional and cross-border cooperation and joint action between rural areas.
thus contributing to economic growth and job creation. In particular it will continue the exploration, made in a 2011 report by the European Expert Network on Culture,
and approaches that contribute to economic growth, solve societal challenges, create jobs and enhance Europe's competitiveness.
fuelled in social media. yy The economic crisis in Europe. has done the European union enough to solve the crisis?
The economic crisis has led to profound changes in the economic, political and social situation in the EU and in its Member States.
the other institutions and local politicians listen to the concerns and expectations of citizens on the financial and economic crisis, on citizens'rights and on the future of the Union by 2020.
or Deming, E w. 2000)‘ The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education.''2nd ed. Cambridge, MA:
such as the New Economics Foundation and Forum for the Future. 80) Design labs. In Finland, the national innovation agency SITRA has set up the Helsinki Design Lab,
what the economics look like, and how it could be made cheaper. The driving principles at this stage are speed, keeping costs low,
211) Revealed preference methods come from the field of economics and focus on the choices people have made in related fields in order to estimate value.‘
They are one of the reasons why economics has found it hard to understand innovation without a substantial dose of sociology added in CONNECTING PEOPLE,
6 The household on the other hand that most distributed of economic systems generates ideas but on its own lacks the capital, surplus time,
and paved the way for the sweeping reforms and the unprecedented economic growth of the past three decades.
they could be adapted to fit the economics of social businesses. Legislation and regulation Governments shape the conditions in which social entrepreneurs
154 New Economics Foundation (NEF) 49 New Philanthropy Capital 171; 175 New york's Open Book 154 New zealand Police Act Wiki 42-43 Niagara Peninsula Homes 206 Nike Foundation 113 Nobel prizes 169
because the economics of web-based pilots may make it as inexpensive to launch on a national or continental scale.
As well as the study of innovation in economics and science, there is a small emerging body of research into the capacity of formally constituted social organizations (nonprofits, NGOS, charities,
and within specific areas, there is still a need to make sure that innovation policy will support societal challenges and economic growth better in the future.
such as those that aim at supporting long-term R&d investment and economic growth, whilst reducing income inequalities,
and within specific areas, there is still a need to make sure that innovation policy will support societal challenges and economic growth better in the future.
on the other, they pursue to increase economic value by involving developers and entrepreneurs. The commonly accepted premise underlying these objectives is that the publishing of government data in a reusable format can strengthen citizen engagement and participation and yield new innovative businesses.
on the other, they pursue an increase economic value by involving developers and entrepreneurs. This report will focus on the governments that mainly foster the second objective and,
and reputation Open/big data Organization of competitions Support for networking Knowledge sharing and dissemination New services Generation of economic value Transparency Political incentives (reputation) Technical support Monetary incentives
one that results in further motivations such as fostering economic growth, bridging the digital gap, creating innovative societies,
Fostering economic growth is an important motivation as well. The Living Lab for ICT-based Financial Services107 was created in spring 2010 by Ülemiste City AS and Mindware OÜ.
therefore, to enhance economic growth. Living labs aim at bridging the digital gap as well. Several of their projects have this motivation.
local governments are driven also by the possibility that companies produce economic value from their public data, creating services and applications from those free data.
/startup-america 97. http://www. knightfoundation. org/98. http://www. kickstartseedfund. com/99. http://www. visionmobile. com/product/developer-economics
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