development via the three pillars of economic growth, ecological balance and social progress. Our members are drawn from more than 30 countries and 20 major industrial sectors.
business, economics and innovation systems. The first focuses on innovation processes within firms, the second studies the role played by innovation in social and economic change,
Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: A historical review. Industrial and Corporate Change. Chaminade, C, . and J. Vang. 2008.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology 11 (6): 497-523. EU 2008. Science, technology and innovation in Europe.
Journal of International Economics 48 (1)(-06-01): 37-70. Gereffi, G. 2005. The governance of global value chains.
Why new institutional economics matters for economic geography. Journal of Economic geography 9 (3): 329. Shima, K.,Onishi,
Tambunan, T."The Impact of the 2008-2009 Global Economic crisis on a Developing Countrry's Economy:
SME export performance in indonesia after the crisis. Small Business Economics 26:25-37. Wie, T. K..2006.
It underpins employment, economic growth and global exports, while providing citizens with resources and mobility that are essential to the quality of life.
Effectively, there are two main approaches to fostering economic growth and enhancing prosperity: increasing resources such as capital and labour;
which contribute to fostering economic growth in more significant and permanent ways than simply increasing resources.
and spread information technologies have also been able to achieve rapid economic growth. Consequently, the research & development & innovation strategy does
in spite of the world economic crisis, most of the developed countries in the European union, as well as the EU itself, are endeavouring to increase ther&d support2.
there is only 4 examples that the fall in R&d expenditure was pronounced even more than the economic downturn. 3 Nevertheless,
internationalized economic activities so the impacts on the national innovation systems and global innovation systems are constantly changing.
and economic growth based on RDI cannot be expected without it. The stability of public funding of R&d:
The deepening of the global financial and economic crisis. The lack of needs and interests of economy
The expansion of the‘green'economy plays an essential role regarding environmental sustainability longside economic growth.
and economic activity of R&d and growth-oriented small enterprises (gazelles) will significantly grow by providing particular and dynamic incentives to them.
Since public services are labour-intensive and their productivity growth slower than that of processing industries30, the focused innovative development of the public sector results in economic growth and welfare effects.
and takes into account not only the market failures of the mainstream economics 41 vision and objectives 3 and priorities of the RDI strategy by the partner networks of regional stakeholders and local professionals.
which are competitive at an international level, embedded into the regional economic system and the diversified spatial structure.
In the area of economic policy: the implementation of the RDI strategy assumes a predictable business environment,
the RDI strategy can be interpreted on the area marked with deep blue Economic policy Science policy monitoring,
The driving forces of economic growth: panel data evidence for the OECD countries. OECD Economic Studies No. 33,2001/II. http://www. oecd. org/economy/productivityandlongtermgrowth/18450995. pdf Baumol, William (2005:
and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity. Yale university Press. Borsi, B. Viszt, E. 2010: A kreatív és kulturális ágazatok (CCI) szerepe és növekedési lehetoségei a Budapest Metropolisz Régió gazdaságában the role and growth opportunities of Creative and Cultural Industries (CCI
How important is business R&d for economic growth and should the government subsidise it? The Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2000 http://www. ifs. org. uk/bns/bn12. pdf Guy, K and C. Nauwelaers (2003), Benchmarking STI Policies in Europe:
and concentrating a critical mass of knowledge effects of the economic crisis, a proposal had been made for the STI programme of measures for 2009-2010,
For Ireland, two measures of economic activity are employed, GNP and GDP. GDP for Ireland is inflated by the inclusion of profits of inter-firm activities of multinational firms
but GNP excludes these profits giving a truer measure of economic activity. BERD as a percentage of GNP has increased from 0. 93 per cent in 2003 to 1. 46 per cent in 2011
making productivity improvement the centerpiece of economic policy is crucial. While employment presents a formidable challenge in many European countries,
is the sine qua non of economic growth. 18 To see why, consider that if the EU-15 nations had maintained the productivity growth rate they enjoyed from 1980 to 1995 through to 2013,
Indeed, new growth economics accounting suggests that the lion's share of productivity stems from the use of more and better tools. 30 PAGE 10 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014 And in today's knowledge-based economy,
economics does in fact have a good deal to say about how it develops and how policies can play a role in creating it.
Cowen and Gordon ascribe too much agency to broad historical forces and fundamental laws of economics, and not enough agency to policy.
Second, techno-pessimist accounts frequently conflate economic growth with productivity. The two are related but distinct, because growth can occur simply by adding more workers.
even though this view has been discredited thoroughly both by history and economics. 152 Figure 16: ICT use effect and ICT output effect on GDP (2000 to latest year, percentage points per annum) 153
As Europe emerges from the economic crisis, it faces continued challenges but also opportunities. With its financial system stabilized, Europe's central economic challenge over the next quarter century will be to raise productivity growth rates.
limiting productivity growth in this sector. 181 Do No Harm Putting spurring ICT adoption at the center of economic policy means not just supporting it,
But the European economic crisis has kept Euro-area investment on the decline while preoccupying policymakers with other issues.
Productivity and Economic growth in Europe: A Comparative Industry Perspective, International Productivity Monitor 21 (2011): 3 23.2.
Productivity and Economic growth in Europe. Assuming 2. 8 percent productivity growth. 20. The Conference Board, Total Economy Database.
Implications for the U s. Economy and U s Economic policy (presentation at ITIF Breakfast Forum, July 15, 2008), http://www. itif. org/files/2008-07-15-lipsey
Conclusions from the Empirical Literature, Information Economics and Policy 25, no. 3 september 2013): 109 125, doi:
‘Baumol's Disease'Has been cured, FRBNY Economic policy Review 9, no. 3 (2003): 23 33; see also Carol A. Corrado et al.
Evidence from Police departments, Journal of Labor Economics 28, no. 1 january 2010): 167 201; Davide Arduini et al.
Productivity and Growth in UK Industries (discussion paper, Centre for Economic policy Research, July 2012), 52, http://ideas. repec. org/p/cpr/ceprdp/9063
Measuring the Productivity Impacts of ICT at the Firm-Level, Empirical Economics 30 (2005): 427 64.58.
Concetta Castiglione, Technical Efficiency and ICT Investment in Italian Manufacturing Firms, Applied Economics 44, no. 14 (2012), http://www. tara. tcd. ie/bitstream/2262
and Jacques Mairesse, Evidence on the Impact of R&d and ICT Investments on Innovation and Productivity in Italian Firms, Economics of Innovation and New Technology 22, no.
Cipriano Quirós Romero and Diego Rodríguez, E-commerce and Efficiency at the Firm Level, International Journal of Production Economics 126, no.
Evidence from France, Economics Letters 116, no. 2 august 2012): 244 246, doi: 10.1016/j. econlet. 2012.02.022.68.
A Study of Technological Diffusion and Economic growth under Network theory, Telecommunications Policy (2014), doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2013.12.003.75.
Conclusions from the Empirical Literature, Information Economics and Policy 25, no. 3 september 2013): 109 125, doi:
accessed April 2, 2014) http://www. oecd-ilibrary. org/economics/oecd-factbook-2013 factbook-2013-en; World bank, Databank:
Renaud Bourlès and Gilbert Cette, Trends in‘structural'Productivity Levels in The major Industrialized Countries, Economics Letters 95, no. 1 (2007): 151 156.95.
Productivity and Economic growth in Europe. 100. Ibid. 24.101. Matilde Mas, ICT and Productivity Growth in Advanced Economies (working paper, University of Valencia and Ivie, 2010). 102.
The Role of Information technology and Regulatory Practices, Labour Economics 11, no. 1 february 2004): 33 58, doi:
Evidence for a Number of European countries, Review of World Economics 149, no. 1 (2013): 131 49;
and Economic growth by Expanding the ITA (Information technology and Innovation Foundation, March 2012), http://www. itif. org/publications/boosting-exports-jobs-and-economic-growth-expanding-ita. 123.
Harry Deangelo and Ronald W. Masulis, Optimal Capital Structure Under Corporate and Personal Taxation, Journal of Financial Economics 8, no.
Measuring and Explaining Management Practices Across Firms and Countries, The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 4 (2007): 1351 1408.144.
Bradford Delong and Lawrence Summers, Equipment Investment and Economic growth: How Strong is the Nexus? Brookings Papers on Economic activity 23 (1992;
Jonathan Temple and Hans-Joachim Voth, Human capital, equipment investment, and industrialization, European Economic Review 42, no. 7 (1998): 1343 62;
Xavier Sala-i-Martin, 15 Years of New Growth Economics: What Have learnt We?(keynote address to the fifth annual conference of the Central bank of Chile The Challenges of Economic growth, Santiago, Chile, November 29-30,2001). 168.
Stephen Ezell and Robert D. Atkinson, How ITA Expansion Benefits the Chinese and Global economies (Information technology and Innovation Foundation, April 2014), http://www. itif. org/publications
Oxford Economics, Capturing the ICT Dividend: Using Technology to Drive Productivity and Growth in the EU (Oxford Economics/AT&T), accessed October 3, 2013, http://www. corp. att. com/bemoreproductive/docs/capturing the ict dividend. pdf. PAGE 41 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
FOUNDATION JUNE 2014 171. Contribution to the Annual Growth Survey 2014: A Single Market for Growth and Jobs:
Catherine Tucker, Economics of Privacy (MIT Sloan and NBER, November 15, 2012), http://www. ftc. gov/sites/default/files/documents/public events/fifth-annual
He is also author of the books Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage (Yale, 2012) and The Past And Future Of America's Economy:
Ben Miller is an economic growth policy analyst at the Information technology and Innovation Foundation. He has a Master's degree in International Development and Economics from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
ABOUT ITIF The Information technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a Washington, D c.-based think tank at the cutting edge of designing innovation strategies and technology policies to create economic opportunities
impact of economic crisis not as severe as expected. Differences in innovation performance are becoming smaller again although at a modest rate.
and is linked positively with economic growth. Eurostat Eurostat 1. 2. 1 International scientific co-publications per million population Number of scientific publications with at least one co-author based abroad (where abroad is non-EU for the EU27) Total
) and the higher education sector (HERD) Gross domestic product R&d expenditure represents one of the major drivers of economic growth in a knowledgebased economy.
and is linked positively with economic growth. Data source: Eurostat 1. 2. 1 International scientific co-publications as%of total scientific publications of the country Numerator:
R&d expenditure represents one of the major drivers of economic growth in a knowledge-based economy. As such, trends in the R&d expenditure indicator provide key indications of the future competitiveness
This is because medium and high technology products are key drivers for economic growth, productivity and welfare, and are generally a source of high value added and well-paid employment.
and is linked positively with economic growth. Almost 80%of EU27 youth has attained at least upper secondary education. But in some countries these shares are still too low, in particular in Iceland
Iceland R&d expenditure represents one of the major drivers of economic growth in a knowledge-based economy.
This is because medium and high technology products are key drivers for economic growth productivity and welfare, and are generally a source of high value added and well-paid employment.
and economic activity distributed and how is it evolving in Europe? What locations are attracting new investments in ICT R&d or manufacturing?
From the point of view of geographically dispersed economic activity, like in the case of international trade or international R&d activities, the issue of node clustering is very informative,
'Journal of International Economics, 81:1, 1-14..For more information please refer to: http://www. cepii. fr/anglaisgraph/bdd/distances. htm 7 Data stems from the IMF.
'Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19:1, 71-86. De Benedictis, L. & Tajoli, L. 2011.'
'Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy. Florida, R. 1997.'
'Market Dynamics and Quantitative Economics Selection of papers presented at the First Bonzenfreies Colloquiumon Market Dynamics and Quantitative Economics, 355:1, 138-44.44 Gibbons, D. E. 2004.'
'Journal of International Economics, 81:1, 1-14. Koschützki, D.,Lehmann, K. A.,Peeters, L.,Richter, S.,Tenfelde-Podehl, D. & Zlotowski, O. 2005.'
On the basis of traditional economic theory, it is not always possible to justify subsidizing such companies on the basis of externalities or spillovers.
Mainstream economics is gradually evolving to incorporate theories from behavioural economics, complexity theory and other strands of economic thought (e g. see Foldvary, 1996;
. and Shleifer, A. 2004), The regulation of labour, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol 119, No 4, http://www. doingbusiness. org//media/FPDKM/Doing%20business/Documents/Methodology/Supporting
Foldvary, F.,Ed. 1996), Beyond Neoclassical Economics: Heterodox Approaches to Economic theory, Edward Elgar. Forge, S. 2004), Open source Software:
Importance for Europe-What Future does OSS hold for Europe today? Study report for IPTS/JRC, European commission, Sevilla, Spain.
Exploring the Economics of Search in the Information Society, the Initiative for a Competitive Online Marketplace (ICOMP), March 2011, http://www. i-comp. org/resources/view/1043/file/The%20perils
economic growth in the region is already being driven by a robotics industry supplying industrial and surveillance robots usable by small-and medium-sized businesses.
innovation and economic activity distributed in Europe? Which locations are attracting new investments in the ICT sector?
and encompass the aggregate economic activities of the commercial and manufacturing sectors of an economy. In this section, the composite EIPE Sub-Indicators (CSI), computed on the basis of the indicators corresponding to each activity,
and compare it with an alternative source of information which is Venture Economics, the Venturesource data are generally more reliable, more complete,
and less biased than the Venture Economics data. 10 Primary codes only include: 261-Manufacture of electronic components and boards, 262-Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment, 263-Manufacture of communication equipment, 264-Manufacture of consumer electronics, 268-Manufacture of magnetic
'Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 17:7-8, 663-76. De La Tour, A.,Glachant, M. & Ménière, Y. 2011.
innovation and economic activity distributed in Europe? Which locations are attracting new investments in the ICT sector?
giving rise to a rethinking of regional policies and regional funding of (ICT-related) innovation,(ICT) technology transfer and more generally technology-driven economic growth.
and analysed for almost a century3 the spatial agglomeration of economic activities. More recently analysis of knowledge-intensive and ICT-related activities, at local and at global level has been included.
2013), the increasing globalization of economic activity on the one hand, and the pervasive role of knowledge in the economy on the other, is affecting the spatial distribution of economic activity.
These changes in the spatial distribution of economic activities are evident both in the mutating role of countries and in the emergence of different productive realities within countries.
The concept of EIPE integrates those most recent aspects in its definition. In particular, analysts observe two conflicting forces governing the globalisation:
R&d, innovation and economic activities will each be taken in account. 5 Crépon B.,Duguet E.,Mairesse J. 1998) Research, Innovation and Productivity:
and economic growth is acknowledged widely, this link is difficult to quantify because the benefits from, or output of R&d (a critical component of the link) are measured not easily.
and encompass the aggregate economic activities of the all sectors of an economy. At the most aggregate level,
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most commonly used measure of a country's or a region economic activity (Chiripanhura, 2010).
Agglomeration characteristics Spatial proximity of similar and related firms and industries and the general tendency of people and economic activity to locate in large cities and economic core regions lead to agglomeration.
As a result of the interplay between these forces, economic activity, population, employment and wealth are distributed unevenly. Residents, workers,
In general, measuring the agglomeration of economic activity across spatial units is not a straightforward task. There are two ways of approaching it.
The first concerns the problem of spatial concentration of economic activity and aims to identify how agglomerated
The second way of looking at agglomeration relates to the issue of the relative size of economic activity in a certain place (Ciccone & Hall, 1996;
Both R&d&i and economic activity have been going through an intensive process of internationalisation over the last three decades (Doz, Santos, & Williamson, 2001;
and internationalisation of R&d&i and economic activity is the amplification of R&d, innovation and production networking and the emergence of networks of activity that span the globe (De Benedictis & Tajoli, 2011;
and economic activity as a system of inter-linked activities becomes crucial in the process of determining the position in the network of locations engaged in these activities.
Choosing the spatial unit of observation One of the central problems in the quantitative analysis of the geography of economic activity is the lack of data at regional level with a satisfactory level of granularity (Koschatzky & Lo
2002), who provide a detailed overview of this database and compare it with Venture Economics (an alternative source of information),
Journal of Urban Economics, 57 (1), 170-188. Bas, C. L, . & Sierra, C. 2002).'
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 17 (7-8), 663-676. Chiripanhura, B. 2010. Measures of economic activity and their implications for societal well-being.
Economic and Labour market Review, 4 (7), 56-65. Ciccone, A, . & Hall, R. E. 1996).
Productivity and the Density of Economic activity. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 4313.
Regional Science and Urban Economics, 34 (5), 533-564. Dorrenbacher, C. 2000. Measuring corporate internationalisation:
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84 (2), 193-204. Dunning, J. 1994. Multinational enterprises and the globalization of innovatory capacity.
Economics of Agglomeration: C. E. P. R. Discussion Papers. Fujita, M, . & Thisse, J.-F. 2002).
Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. Griliches, Z. 1990.
The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique, 37 (4), 1118-1150. Liu, X,
Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics (Vol. 4, pp. 2563-2608: Elsevier. Parham, D. 2009.
which can deliver the overall objectives of solving the European economic crisis? 2. How can this be done in practice in the context of the framework of planning defined by the 6 steps outlined in the S3 Guide?
which can deliver the overall objectives of solving the European economic crisis? 2. How can this be done in practice in the context of the framework of planning defined by the 6 steps outlined in the S3 Guide?
which can deliver the overall objectives of solving the European economic crisis? 2. How can this be done in practice in the context of the framework of planning defined by the 6 steps outlined in the S3 Guide?
smart specialisation is‘the capacity of an economic system (a region for example) to generate new specialities through the discovery of new domains of opportunity and the local concentration and agglomeration of resources and competences in these domains'(Foray, 2015).
and innovation policies, including regional innovation systems, economic geography, institutional economics and evolutionary geography (e g. Asheim et al.
Economic development as self-discovery, Journal of Development Economics 72 (2): 603 633. IPTS (2011. The RIS3 Guide.
given that practically all forms of economic activity rely on ICT products and services, thereby the ICT sector plays an important role in significantly improving the efficiency and productivity of other sectors,
'According to a harmonised Statistical Classification of Economic activities in the European community (in Hungary: TEÁOR'08), we categorised available data as follows:
and services make a significant contribution to the economic growth of advanced economies. Its significance was highlighted both in the EU Lisbon Objectives and in the Europe 2020 Strategy,
In most OECD member countries under review, ICT investments generate more economic growth than investments made by all other sectors combined.
Based on 2000-2009 data, the OECD also evaluated the contribution of ICT investments to economic growth.
In the United kingdom, the US, Germany, Japan, Denmark, New zealand, Belgium, The netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and Finland ICT investments made a bigger contribution to economic growth than investments in all other
the topic itself definitely merits further investigation. 1. 4 Value added The ICT sector is seen as an engine of global economic growth,
. Even though the sector was too hit by the economic downturn, for example, large IT corporations globally were forced to cost-cutting and downsizing their workforce,
ICT investments make a greater contribution to economic growth than the investments of all other sectors combined.
a trend that was interrupted not even by the economic downturn. The size of the research and development personnel nearly trebled in the business sector in the period between 2000-2011, with the most spectacular growth taking place in the ICT services sector.
he found that an increase in broadband penetration of 10%yields only a 0. 25%increase in economic growth. 19 A study by Micus Management Consulting
Broadband Infrastructure and Economic growth; CESIFO Working paper no. 2861; Munich; December 19 See Koutroumpis, P. 2009.
Issues in Economic policy no. 6, The Brookings Institute, July 27 Greenstein, S. and R. Mcdevitt (2012), Measuring the Broadband Bonus in Thirty OECD Countries, OECD Digital economy Papers, No. 197
The Economics of Next Generation Access; published by ECTA, Brussels, 16 september 2008.6.5%14.4%8. 2%18.6%10.1%22.5%7. 2%9. 6%1. 9%1. 1%459.16 470.97
Issues in Economic policy no. 6, The Brookings Institute, July. Czernich, N.,Falck, O.,Kretschmer, T. and L. Woessmann (2009:
Broadband Infrastructure and Economic growth; CESIFO Working paper no. 2861, Munich, December. Elixmann, D.,Ilic, D.,Neumann, K.-H. and T. Plückebaum (2008:
The Economics of Next Generation Access, Report published by ECTA, Brussels, 16 september. European commission (2010: A Digital Agenda for Europe, Brussels, COM (2010) 245;
overcome the current economic crisis and grasp new opportunities. Innovating in education and training is a key priority in several flagship initiatives of the Europe 2020 strategy,
Health Economics Policy, and Law, 2006; 1 (Pt 2): 163 169.15. Garrido T et al. Effect of electronic health records in ambulatory care:
According the European commission's definition any entity engaged in an economic activity, irrespective of its legal form is considered an enterprise.
offering the balance sheet total as an alternative criterion levels the playing field for SMES engaging in different economic activities.
the European union faces the phenomenon of economic crisis within its Member States. The crisis is global
In addition the revised policy framework had to serve as an answer to the new challenges SMES had to deal with resulting from the economic crisis.
Innovation drives economic growth and is critical to our future prosperity. The development of this Strategy at a regional level is opportune as it will take advantage of the reform of both regional and local government.
Oliver Garry Cathaoirleach of the Midwest Regional Authority 4 Executive Summary Introduction Research and innovation (R&i) are the cornerstones of national and regional economic growth.
cluster development and open innovation all have the potential to make a signifi cant contribution to economic growth in the Midwest.
Research and Innovation (R&i) already plays a strong role in the progression of economic growth in the Midwest.
Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
Ireland and the Midwest Region to enter into a period of strong and sustained economic growth,
Horizon 2020 is a means to drive economic growth and create jobs through investment in research.
commitments under the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (DJEI) Action Plans for Jobs 2012-2014 have identified the need to target areas that are most likely to create economic value and jobs.
and to concentrate on those sectors of economic activity where, for reasons of location, infrastructure or natural resources,
From an economic growth perspective the aim is to ensure that the City and County focus on market sectors where a competitive edge exists,
national and regional level which aim to promote economic growth through research and innovation investment and growth are testament to the importance of R&i development to our national and regional economic future.
as productivity will be a key driver of future economic growth. BORDER DUBLIN MIDEAST SOUTHWEST MIDWEST SOUTHEAST WEST MIDLAND 9, 109m 6. 5%11, 381m 8. 1%59, 387m 42.1%5
and the facilitation of this evolution is central to sustainable economic growth in any region. Research and Innovation are core components
and expanded in order to enable economic growth in the Midwest Region. The evidence available indicates that there are strong R&i structures in the Region at present, with a skilled workforce and a range of support options.
This base is a significant asset in terms to the potential for future economic growth and the progression of employment-related development in the Region.
Through the provision of funding, training & support, infrastructure & accommodation and the development of linkages and networks, EI support sustainable economic growth, regional development and secure employment. 4. 4. 2
Through the prioritisation of complementarity between related economic activities, and fi nding better ways to combine their strengths,
and open innovation all have the potential to make a significant contribution to economic growth in the Midwest.
This testifies to the growing importance of the telecommunication sector in the economic growth of the developing world.
economic growth, environmental balance and social inclusion. At its meeting in May 2014, the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD),
Economic growth and development will remain below potential if economies are not capable of exploiting new technologies
Having regard to the general economic downturn, Denmark's government sees ICTS as a major driver for growth, innovation and economic development (Government of Denmark, 2012).
Above 2. 78 LCC (2. 78 and below) Data not available 59 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 the profitability of various kinds of economic activities (Sachs, 2012.
Czernich, N.,Falck, O.,Kretschmer, T. and Woessmann, L. 2009), Broadband Infrastructure and Economic growth, http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm?
and economic growth continues. However, policy and regulatory action will be necessary to step up a gear in broadband adoption,
thus showing how much ICT services cost relative to the economic value generated by each country. However, overall economic levels
through mobile data Migration monitoring Text analysis economic downturn prediction Text analysis commodity fluctuation prediction Assessment of mobility restrictions Disease containment targeting Migratory p
with the following map showing poor areas (in blue) in relation to the areas of high economic activity (yellow to red areas).
/13 Mobile phone records have been used to infer locations of economic activity within, and patterns of migration to, slum areas in Kenya (Wesolowski and Eagle, 2010) and internal migration in Rwanda (Joshua E. Blumenstock, 2012).
Information Economics and Policy, 27,24-38. CETIC. BR (2013), TIC Domicílios (2012), Pesquisa sobre o Uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação no Brasil.
Journal of Regulatory Economics, 43.2 (2013): 168-195. Gruber, H. and Verboven, F. 2001), The diffusion of mobile telecommunication services in the European union.
an empirical analysis. Journal of Regulatory Economics 28.1 (2005): 47-67. GSMA and Deloitte (2013), Arab States Mobile Observatory 2013.
Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 10 (2), 201 246. Levy, B. and Spiller, P. 1996), Regulations, institutions and commitment:
Centre for Economic policy Research, 2012. North, D. 1990), Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge, MA:
Journal of Regulatory Economics, 1 (15), 65 92.219 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Ros, A. 2003), The impact of the regulatory process and price cap regulation in Latin american
Review of Network Economics, 2 (3), 270 286. Simmering, J. E.,Polgreen, L a. and Polgreen, P m. 2014),
Journal of Industrial Economics, 49 (1), 1 19. Wang, H.,Calabrese, F.,Di Lorenzo, G. and Ratti, C. 2010), Transportation mode inference from anonymized and aggregated mobile phone call detail records. 13th International IEEE Conference
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