to contribute to the economic growth and increase competitiveness in Romania, both by direct action and support of development of effective Romanian ICT and through indirect actions such as increasing efficiency and reducing public sector costs in Romania,
sustainable economic growth and to promote social inclusion, the European union has prepared the Digital Agenda for Europe 2020,
and has defined 4 major fields of action that will be pursued as Romania's vision of the ambitious program that will drive the economic growth and increased competitiveness,
for covering the underpinning principle stated above in pursuit of sustainable long-term economic growth. These 4 fields of action are summarized as follows:
Research & development and Innovation in ICT builds on the comparative advantages of regional Romania and supports economic growth in the private sector.
which provides 3. 1. Support ecommerce for achieving economic growth and development at the European digital single market
this figure takes into account the average growth of ICT employment in Romania (7%year on year growth) before the economic downturn and projects it for the 2014 2020 period as a target for future investments.
and transparency of the public administration and improving the business environment represents short term strategic priorities aimed at contributing to the effective approach of the major obstacles regarding the economic growth
the European commission proposed the Cloud technologies for economic development and reduction of negative impact on environment of economic activities.
This will create the conditions for economic activity based on open data, and will stimulate cross-border applications.
economic growth and individual fulfillment. 3. 3. 3 National context ICT in Culture Approach in Romania Based on the objectives of the European union, Romania has set the following digital targets for 2020:
museums and audiovisual archives available online is a win-win for culture, economic growth and individual fulfillment.
or lack the necessary digital skills. 3. 4. 2 European context Social inclusion and fight against poverty are part of the European union's objectives in terms of economic growth and employment.
The electronic commerce continues to increase significantly, even in the context of the actual economic crisis. In 2013,30%of people living in Europe use ecommerce service. ecommerce Definition ecommerce (Electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World wide web.
of enterprises in the TIC field of the overall turnover of enterprises with economic activity(%)4. 1%3. 6%Share of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities
of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities in information technology overall the turnover of economic activity(%)1. 0%1. 1%Source:
and their consequences on the nation's economic policies, see e g. OECD (2013: Interconnected Economies Benefiting from Global Value Chains. http://s3platform. jrc. ec. europa. eu/documents/10157/46174/Interconnected economies. pdf 28 created by the multinational companies.
which are intended to make the economic growth more dynamic, expand employment and reduce the national debt to a sustainable level.
and promoting the sustainable operation of the already running businesses-Promoting special economic activities based on internal resources in regions with a shortage of human resources and undertakings-Strengthening the cooperation between the stakeholders in the rural economy-Managing the problems
/files/meeting-procurementfeb2012/summary-eu-supportpublic-procurement-innovative-solutions en. pdf 81 Incubator programme The technology incubators have become an integral part of the economic policy toolkit of the developed
thus preserving the values of the rural regions and the economic stability of the local communities.
and the economic policy toolkits managing the resources. An important condition of the preliminary (ex ante) system of conditions of the Partnership Agreement between the European union and Hungary is that the National Smart Specialization Strategy should present the EU and domestic sources available for domestic
and economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale social challenges remains largely untapped.
which create new forms of value that are limited not to economic value, but that result in largescale social impact.
which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35. Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 69 Some other examples come from private organisations.
The European commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately €40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the European commission Directive on the reuse of public sector information will further enable the opening of public sector data in a harmonised and more transparent way.
It accelerates the contribution of ICTS to economic growth, facilitates innovation, and promotes efficiency, network effects and positive externalities.
and between firms and consumers. 2 Digital products and information services These are an increasingly significant part of economic activity
or lagging countries) and sectoral distribution of economic activity, as well as size factors. 9 I. BENEFITS AND USE BY SMALL BUSINESSES SMES3 have recognised gradually the positive impact that ICTS, such as computer terminals,
it still accounts for a relatively small proportion of economic activity for firms of all sizes.
Austria Let's e-Biz The on-line information source established by the Ministry of Economics and the Chamber of commerce covers all aspects of e-business.
or lagging countries) and sectoral distribution of economic activity, as well as size factors. 44 REFERENCES Baldwin, J. R. and D. Sabourin (2002), Impact of the Adoption of Advanced ICTS on Firm Performance in the Canadian Manufacturing Sector, STI Working papers 2002/1, OECD, Paris (available
of Industrial Economics, December, pp. 417-440. Heartland Information Research, Inc (2001), E-commerce's Impact on the Travel agency Industry, research submitted to Office of Advocacy, U s. Small Business Administration, October. 45 Iskandar, B. Y
The Developing Economics, March, pp. 67-100. OECD (2001a), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook: Drivers of Growth:
Brand Still Matters, The Journal of Industrial Economics, December, pp. 541-558. Statistics Canada (2001), The 2000 Survey of Electronic commerce and Technology.
as one of the measures which can boost economic growth and drive forward the Internal Market of the 21st century.
Electronic commerce continues to grow substantially, even in the current economic crisis. It plays an important role in B2b exchanges as 27%of European enterprises purchase online and 13%sell online.
using the new NACE Rev. 2 classification on economic activities. However, it is not possible to directly measure the share of employment, GDP,
PDF 125 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property Rightsboosting creativity and innovation to provide economic growth
on the Economics of Information security (WEIS 2008), June 25 28 2008; available at: http://www. cl. cam. ac. uk/rnc1/takedown. pdf 46 Many stakeholders consider that the legitimacy of private operators deciding on the takedown of content without the intervention of a court depends on the extent to
Boosting creativity and innovation to provide economic growth high quality jobs and first class products and services in Europe, COM (2011) 287 final, 24.05.2011, available at:
The evolution of the European Postal market since 1997 252 Copenhagen Economics, Main developments in the postal sector 2008-2010,29. 11.2010, pp. 85-91;
The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 38 OPEN INNOVATION THE GOOD, THE BAD, THE UNCERTAINTIES Phd Student Eliza
Hence The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 39 forward, the value creation process has included the network of external sources of new ideas,
The new paradigm focuses on the significant The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19),
The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 41 The diversity of actors that form the open innovation framework is noticeable.
Later on, a firm must carefully maintain its employee relation and The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19),
The rising costs of The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 43 technology development, correlated with the shortening product lives
the authors The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 44 Figure 3 depicts in further detail the major risk drivers
the authors The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 45 The constant changing needs of the customers pose a significant challenge on firm
The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14 Issue 1 (19), 2014 46 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH The use of external relationships is interpreted increasingly as a key factor in enhancing the innovation performance of modern enterprises (Lasagni, 2012).
The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19), 2014 47 14.
The main part of the debate on innovation impact on economic growth centres around technology and infrastructures 12, is failing to appreciate the underlying institutional, capability and learning-related aspects.
As an example, the more established literature on innovation policies and systemic instruments is isolated fairly from emerging literature regarding platform economics and open innovation.
12) Ulku, Hulya (2004),‘R & D, Innovation, and Economic growth: An Empirical Analysis',IMF Working Paper WP/04/185.13) Galli, R. and Teubal M.,(1997),‘Paradigmatic Shifts in National Innovation Systems',Edquist C
which act as venture capital to spur innovation, entrepreneurship and economic growth. According to the Thomson One database there were 26 university funds established between 1973 and 2010 24.
which is teaching students to explore social science thinking from different perspectives, e g. economics, law, politics,
is based on sound law and economics foundation, namely, in order to make transactions (sell, licensing, waiving the rights) of IP,
Law and Economics',This initial conclusion looks surprisingly correct from theoretical point of view, considering especially the so-called‘Coase Theorem'regarding the allocation of rights in economic analysis. 27) Wikipedia, Novelty (patent).(
The principles of the design thinking movement and from behavioural economics have driven this latest surge of labs. Design thinking stresses the added value of out-of-the-box thinking 11 driven by interdisciplinary collaboration
Behavioural economics pays attention to ways citizens and consumers can be nudged in the right direction by intentionally targeting unconscious behavioural patterns.
Both strands of thinking are built on the assumption that various different disciplines (economics, psychology, design, etc.
Spaces and Events as Interfaces for Innovation and Creativity, Study Commissioned by the Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research.
Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research. 25) Olma, S. 2014), Innovationsökonomien. Strategien zur Erneuerung unternehmerischer Praxis, Wuppertal.
This will bring together more green energy with economic growth, and with projects that pay for themselves. The Green Deal helps to overcome obstacles (such as confusion about licences,
combining social and economic values using enablers, such as ICT. Technology is an enabler among a series of other enablers
The dilemmas covered are in the field of innovation management, OI2. 0 inspirations, sharing values, economics and use of technology.
combining social and economic values using enablers, such as ICT. We think that technology is only an enabler among a series of other enablers
'Crowd-based assets are a new source of innovation and economic growth. Many organisations are aware of this,
and therefore in contrast with our economic growth in western countries. It seems to occur that our smart phones are literally becoming the key not only to our virtual world,
Greater economic policy coordination (1) across the EU will help Member States to address these problems and boost growth and job creation in the future.
The Europe 2020 Strategy (2) is a comprehensive economic policy agenda focusing on three priorities: smart, sustainable,
and innovation systems interacts with the political and economic systems for the purpose of regional development.
The political system aim at stimulating and coordinating the performances of the other societal systems. 2. The self-rationale of the economic system:
The economic system aim at achieving wealth. In doing this, the economic system can assess how to avoid for example inequality or negative environmental impacts. 3. The self-rationale of the knowledge system:
The knowledge system creates and distributes knowledge. The knowledge system can potentially influence the other societal systems by supporting
The political system is able to influence the economic system directly through economic policy, but in many cases, the political system can do this even more efficiently through innovation policy.
As mentioned, the economic system, that is, business and firms, act in accordance with a rationale of profit,
that require‘sustained action',political and economic‘leadership'or‘empowerment'and‘intelligent use of technology'(Carayannis and Kaloudis 2010, p. 2) 1.)‘Financial/Economic system'(1);
innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of knowledge societies'(9).(1) The area of‘Financial and Economic system'refers to financial and economic aspects of the effects of climate change.
but they still convey very important economic value as well as social value developing knowledge, educating employees and tackling public health challenges.
Joseph Schumpeter referred to an entrepreneur as a driver of economy who by combining assets (including technologies) in new ways creates new opportunities, new markets, new economic values and effectively new demand and supply curves.
‘The Economics of Two-sided Markets'.'Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 23, Nr. 3, pp. 125 143.9) Pisano, G.,Verganti, R. 2008.‘
and to boost economic growth by about 0. 5%and 0. 75 1%of its GDP in 2008 09 and 2009 10, respectively (9, 10).
Chile With a relatively small market and far away from the centre of the world economic activities, Chile enhanced its longstanding commitment to trade liberalisation with the signing of 57 free trade agreements including the US, the European union, the Common market of the South america, China, India, South korea,
and economic growth, allowing deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices and growth. As of September 2008, those sovereign wealth funds kept mostly outside the country
retail sales and economic growth. With strong prudential and corporate reporting framework, Australia coped well with the financial turmoil,
Chile's government received high marks from economists and its citizens for its countercyclical spending in 2009 (financed largely from saved copper revenues) to offset the effects of the global economic crisis (16.
which caused only a temporary disruption in Chile's economic activity (17). Although Chile's economic rebound was owed partly to the fast recovery of China (its largest export market in 2010),
and to boost economic growth by about 0. 5%and 0. 75 1%of its GDP in 2008 09 and 2009 10,
doc=speeches/2009/011. htm&pageid=005&min=njs&year=&doctype=(11) Access Economics (November 2008) The impact of the global financial crisis on social services in Australia, prepared for Anglicare Australia
*Abstract The economic downturn hit young people especially hard, limiting their opportunities to success. High unemployment, job insecurity,
In other words, while the primacy of different stakeholders may vary depending on the particular framing of an economic system,
Humanisation Of value as Individuated Co-Creation Experiences A traditional conception of an economic system encompasses organisations
and economic growth and social enrichment in the future, as discussed next. Economies and Societies as a Nexus of Ecosystems of Capabilities Viewing markets as a nexus of differences implies viewing economies and societies as a nexus of ecosystems of capabilities centred on productive and meaningful human experiences
‘It's time to reestablish the connection between economics and the ordinary business of life...
only if economics can be reoriented to the study of man as he is and the economic system as it actually exists'(15).
Co-creation thinking bridges‘human experience and economy'as it were, providing a way to put back human experiences into the economy in central fashion,
Economic systems of Foraging, Agricultural, and Industrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. 5) Curley, M.,Salmelin, B. 2013.‘
‘Saving Economics from the Economists.''Harvard Business Review 90 (12): 36. Contact Dr Venkat Ramaswamy Professor Ross School of business www. venkatramaswamy. com venkatr@umich. edu 105 Oulu Innovation Alliance an Open Innovation Ecosystem
'Introduction The crowd-based asset is the new source of innovation and economic growth. Organisations that embrace this new industrial paradigm will prosper.
Crowd assets are the new source of innovation and economic growth. As the digital world witnesses both declining transaction costs and the emergence of the so called‘grown up digital'demographic as active agents in a commercial setting new models of business,
The economics of organisation: the transaction cost approach. American Journal of Sociology 87 (3): 548 577.5) Howe, Jeff (June 2, 2006.
Review of Economics & Statistics, 84 (2), pp. 298-309.8. Cefis E. and Marsili O. 2006.
using a quantile regression approach to explore the relationship between R&d and innovation, International Review of Applied Economics, 24 (1), pp. 95-102.21.
Theory and Evidence, Small Business Economics, 6, pp. 327-347.54. O'dwyer M.,Gilmore A. and Carson D. 2009.
Firm size and types of innovation, Economics of Innovation & New Technology, 18 (3), pp. 205-223.62.
Networks, Firm Size and Innovation, Small Business Economics, 22 (2), pp. 141-153.63. Rufat-Latre J.,Muller A. and Jones D. 2010.
The current economic crisis has weakened the financial health of many small and medium-sized firms (SMES), especially in industries in which foreign,
Technology per se has no economic value; indeed, the economic value of technology is realized when companies develop and commercialize it through a particular business model.
In all our interviews, managers emphasized that business models play a primary role in SMES in low-and medium-tech industries, not the technology.
The economic value of a technology only emerges when it is commercialized in some way. 14 It is the business model that determines the economic value of a new technology by indicating how customer value will be created
and how the company can capture value from that technology. In contrast with other innovation reports,
The current economic crisis has weakened their financial health, especially in industries that are globalizing rapidly. These changing market conditions force them to look for new ways to differentiate their products
MA. 14 The role of the business model creating economic value from technological inventions is one of the central themes in Chesbrough, H. W. 2003), Open innovation;
The Predatory Use of Preliminary Injunctions, The Journal of Law and Economics. Vol. XLIV, no. 2, 2001,573-603) for an analysis of how smaller firms are disadvantaged disproportionately by high IP litigation costs. 37 See Chesbrough, H. 2003) Open Innovation:
and thus for economic growth. 13 3. 1 Type of industry SMES can be divided in different ways
Economics of Innovation and New Technology 4 (1), 41-59. Atuahene-Gima, K.,1996. Differential Potency of Factors Affecting Innovation Performance in Manufacturing and Services Firms in Australia.
Small Business Economics 9, 33-44. Hair, J. F.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.,Black, W c.,1998.
-Driven New Ventures in Economic growth: A Cross-country Analysis H200720 21-12-2007 Entrepreneurial exit in real and imagined markets H200719 21-12-2007 Modelling latent and actual entrepreneurship H200718
Ambitious Nascent Entrepreneurs and National Innovativeness H200701 3-1-2007 Entrepreneurial diversity and economic growth H200627 21-12-2006 Motivation Based Policies for an Entrepreneurial
EU Economy H200626 19-12-2006 Export Orientation among New Ventures and Economic growth H200625 18-12-2006 Institutionele voorwaarden voor zelfstandig ondernemerschap
The current economic crisis has weakened the financial health of many small and medium-sized firms (SMES), especially in industries in which foreign,
Technology per se has no economic value; indeed, the economic value of technology is realized when companies develop and commercialize it through a particular business model.
In all our interviews, managers emphasized that business models play a primary role in SMES in low-and medium-tech industries, not the technology.
The economic value of a technology only emerges when it is commercialized in some way. 14 It is the business model that determines the economic value of a new technology by indicating how customer value will be created
and how the company can capture value from that technology. In contrast with other innovation reports,
The current economic crisis has weakened their financial health, especially in industries that are globalizing rapidly. These changing market conditions force them to look for new ways to differentiate their products
MA. 14 The role of the business model creating economic value from technological inventions is one of the central themes in Chesbrough, H. W. 2003), Open innovation;
The Predatory Use of Preliminary Injunctions, The Journal of Law and Economics. Vol. XLIV, no. 2, 2001,573-603) for an analysis of how smaller firms are disadvantaged disproportionately by high IP litigation costs. 37 See Chesbrough, H. 2003) Open Innovation:
Andrea Bonaccorsi is professor of economics and management at the University of Pisa Italy. His main research interests include:
0. 9 2 0. 4 9 1. 4 Linguistics, literature 4 0. 5 4 0. 9 Economics 2 0. 2
students with a background in human sciences (literature, linguistics, psychology) and social sciences (economics) may combine their domain expertise with advanced computer science.
U s. economic growth in the Information age. Brookings Papers on Economic activity, 1, 125 211. Kargon, R, S Leslie and E Schoenberger 1992.
Far beyond big science: Science regions and the organization of research and development. In Big science. The Growth of Large-scale Research, P Galison and B Hevly (eds..
Economic policy, 18 (36), 9 72 Norberg, A l 2005. Computers and Commerce. A Study of Technology and Management at Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company, Engineering Research Associates,
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and resource efficiency 4. Tackling social inclusion and demographic challenges 5. Implementation of local and territorial development aimed at promoting economic growth These funds provide financial basis for Hungary's medium and long-term development
and Philipp Koellinger, Assistant professor in Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands. Disclaimer Neither the European commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use
growing enterprises as they are seen as a key driver of economic growth and employment. Europe has performed relatively badly in generating high-growth innovative companies that quickly become global leaders.
Section 3. 2.)Theoretical arguments for SME support Policies promoting high growth of innovative SMES should be in accordance with principal insights of economic theories.
The government's 2009 New Growth Strategy identifies SMES as an engine for future high economic growth.
gorillas. 1 These enterprises are seen as important drivers of economic growth, employment and social wellbeing. There is also an increased interest of policy makers in fostering innovation,
Is it more efficient (in terms of economic growth and job creation) to support all SMES"a little bit, "or to concentrate efforts on those with the highest growth potential?(
i e. enterprising human action in pursuit of the generation of value through the creation or expansion of economic activity. 5 A certain share of high-growth enterprises are defined so-called gazelles
study guide for this Policy Brief. 13 Deardorff's Glossary of International Economics, policy, accessed 2 may 2010.
Philipp Koellinger, Assistant professor in Economics at Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is associate editor of the Small Business Economics journal
and has research interests and a sound publication track record in the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation.
and grow (motivation), access to markets (output) as well as infrastructure and economic stability (framework). 14 This framework is conducive to the analysis of barriers to innovation
Favourable framework conditions for innovation and growth require a sound infrastructure as well as economic stability. Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband), energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system.
Economic stability and growth are conducive to future revenues and thus foster companies'investment into growth. 16 Last but not least
) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law) Economic stability Right
The current economic crisis hit the US, home to many big young global leaders, worse than many European countries
p. 2. Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6 22 3. 3 Theoretical foundations of SME policy On the importance of a theoretical foundation for economic policy
such policies should be in accordance with principal insights of theories of economic policy. Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce resources
Some schools of economic theory assume that governments act in their own interests. For example governments may seek to increase the probability for being reelected
in order to promote economic growth, therefore, what really is needed are new jobs and new growing firms...but high growth can be misperceived a indicator Policy makers should
In terms of economic theory coaching is a private good so that public support for facilitating coaching cannot necessarily be grounded on market failure.
114 In light of the economic crisis, Singaporean business associations started the Financial Facilitator Programme (FFP) in January 2009,
Is it more efficient (in terms of economic growth and job creation) to support all SMES"a little bit, "or to concentrate efforts on those with the highest growth potential?
Getting economic growth and jobs creation from entrepreneurs is not a numbers game. It is about encouraging the formation of high quality, high growth companies.
and enhancing economic growth. 145 141 For example, the case study about Korea in this Policy Brief (see section 5. 1) mentions that the Korean government developed more than 100 different SME policy measures,
Canada is often in the shadow of its big neighbour, the USA, in terms of economic policies, but deserves attention with regard to high-growth SMES.
It is one of the few developed countries that could avoid a longer recession during the economic crisis,
is heavily suffering from the economic crisis and the 2011 Earthquake, and has dedicated no policies for high-growth SMES.
Entrepreneurship policies Recent activities to foster business start-ups In order to mitigate the negative effects of the economic crisis
However, figures for 2009 may indicate a decline caused by the worldwide economic crisis. Exhibit 5-4:
/Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (KIET: http://www. kiet. re. kr/kiet/eng/index eng. jsp.
While the government has attributed the successful recovery from the word-wide economic crisis to the numerous opportunities SMES have been provided with,
Financial Facilitator Programme In light of the economic crisis Singaporean business associations started the Financial Facilitator Programme (FFP) in January 2009.
Updates to Government's Response to the Economic downturn in Asia/Pacific (IDC#AP633103S, December 2009.
Through these overlapping diversification and clustering policy initiatives, the government's 2009 New Growth Strategy (Basic Policies) Toward a Radiant Japan identifies SMES as an engine for future high economic growth.
Although the post-Lehman economic downturn has led the government to focus on legislating remedial measures to support struggling SMES (e g.,
According to their mission statements, the MOIT focuses on the promotion of economic growth in Israel and the OCS oversees all Government sponsored support of R&d in the Israeli industry.
Balancing SME policies with economic policies at large The question of balancing policies for general and high-growth SMES may have to be asked even broader:
and bankruptcy law conducive for high growth Economic stability Economic stability and growth European monetary policy (No difference between general SME policies and high-growth SME policies) Right
Max Planck Institute of Economics. Ahmad, Nadim; Gonnard, Eric (2007: High growth enterprises and gazelles.
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Deardorff's Glossary of International Economics, search term policy, URL: http://wwwpersonal. umich. edu/alandear/glossary, last accessed 2 may 2010.
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