opportunities and threats of the Catalan economy taking into account the different sectors and technological capabilities.
This analysis identifies three main vectors that provide the structure for the activities that will enable the Catalan economy to successfully tackle the major social and economic challenges of the 21st century:
Catalonia is a country with an industrial base and an open, competitive and sustainable economy that combines talent, creativity, a diversified business fabric and its own excellent research system within the framework of a dynamic
and to reorient the Catalan economy towards a growth model that is smarter, more sustainable and more inclusive.
públiques Digital agenda Entrepreneurship Eco-innovation (green economy) Non-technological innovation Training and talent Tools Leading sectors Emerging activities Crosscutting enabling technologies
-Analysis of the Catalan economy: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. -Analysis of the leading sectors and capacities in crosscutting enabling technologies.
Europe 2020 The European economies face major challenges, in both the short and long terms. The immediate priority is a return to growth and job creation,
Figure 1. Global Challenges Facing the European Economies Budgetary consolidation and structural reforms are necessary conditions to ensure the competitiveness of the European economies,
but they are not sufficient. The European union (EU) response to the major challenges posed takes the form of the Europe 2020 Strategy
Europe 2020 Job creation and poverty reduction More efficient investment in researchand innovation Promoting a lowcarbon economy and competitiveindustry 1. Framework 12 Within this framework, Innovation Union, one of the seven
over the 2014-2020 period the structural funds will provide an essential tool for reorienting the European economies,
low energy-intensive economy in all sectors. 5. Promoting climate change adaptation, risk prevention and management. 6. Protecting the environment
SME competitiveness and promoting a low-carbon and low energy-intensive economy (thematic objectives 1, 2, 3 and 4),
and energyintensive economy in all sectors 5. To promote climate change adaptation and risk prevention and management 6. To protect the environment
which is the Catalan Government's roadmap for relaunching the economy and reorienting the production sector towards a smarter, more sustainable and more inclusive economic model.
employment and training, social cohesion, innovation and knowledge, entrepreneurism, internationalisation and the green economy. Within the ECAT 2020 framework and based on a shared vision of the country towards the year 2020, RIS3CAT promotes:
and coordinated by a Steering committee formed by representatives from the ministries of Economy and Knowledge and Business and Labour (see Section 4, Governance).
opportunities and threats to the Catalan economy based on SWOT analyses carried out previously in Catalonia and on
see the document Process of Drafting RIS3CAT. 2. Structure 2. Structure 22 2. 1. Vision 2020 As can be observed from the description of the distinctive characteristics of the Catalan economy and the analysis of its strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats (see the document Analysis of the Catalan economy: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), the Catalan economy is diversified highly
and open with a large industrial base. Within a context of globalisation and recession, the Catalan production system is undergoing a process of structural change:
Analysis of the Catalan economy has led to the identification of three key vectors that will enable Catalonia to successfully tackle the great social
but also direct benefits for individuals and society as a whole. 2. Structure 23 3. The third vector is the firm commitment to transforming the Catalan economy towards a green economy.
the green economy offers promising niches for specialisation and generates opportunities to improve and enhance efficiency in all economic sectors.
Figure 7. Vectors Driving the Transformation of the Catalan Economy The shared vision for the country towards 2020 takes into account all these elements.
Vision 2020 Catalonia is a country with an industrial base and an open, competitive and sustainable economy that combines talent, creativity, a diversified business fabric and its own excellent research system
The three vectors that drive the transformation of the Catalan economy (industrial tradition quality of life and the green economy) and the implementation of the seven criteria listed below enables the identification of seven leading sectors in
which Catalonia has competitive advantages, critical mass and future opportunities. 1. Critical mass in different sectors, measured in terms of number of companies, employment and gross added value,
Innovative public procurement Specialisation and territorial competitiveness projects (PECT) Public policies Digital agenda Entrerpreneurship Eco-innovation (green economy) Non-technological innovation
-Efficient use of resources (green economy. There follows a description of the general characteristics of each of these tools (T)
Within the context of the global economy and the knowledge society, it also becomes essential to strengthen the international dimension of business innovation.
of the Green Economy) Eco-innovation includes all innovations that reduce the use of natural resources and emissions of hazardous or pollutant substances over the entire life cycle of products and processes.
-Economic (reduction in the costs of energy and raw materials through more efficient use of resources, the creation of opportunities in new markets and the generation of new jobs linked to the green economy.
There are many different measures to promote the transition towards a green economy: -Technical and financial support for research and development, pilot tests and dissemination and marketing of sustainable technologies, products and services (for example, technologies to improve water, energy and waste management,
-Support for ICT uses that benefit the green economy (smart electricity networks and transport systems.
and incorporating highly-qualified personnel into the production system are also essential requirements for strengthening the competitiveness of the Catalan economy.
and is present in all spheres (the economy, the media, the new technologies, higher studies, etc.).
the Directorate General for Economic policy and Promotion, attached to the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge;
the Directorate General for Research, also attached to the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge; and the Secretariat for Business and Competitiveness (Ministry of Business and Labour.
Based on the SWOT analysis of the Catalan economy RIS3CAT defines four strategic objectives and four pillars of action that structure public policies aimed at advancing towards Vision 2020.
they have a significant role in shaping the society and economy. One of the direct impacts on the economy is
when an undertaking uses a research infrastructure for its RDI activities and so develops a product.
which supports the economy, on the basis (and through the strengthening) of this network is of critical importance to Hungary.
Of course, the research infrastructure can have a significant influence on the economy at the local level as well:
This will ensure that the infrastructures stimulate the economy not just in a given geographical location
but their services are spread across the country to make their RI capacities available to all actors of the domestic economy.
or better-quality service to the corporate sector stakeholders because of the participation Hungary can contribute to headline targets important for the European economy
and the effects of the ESA membership on the national economy shall also be assessed. The long-term and full ESA membership of Hungary is justified largely due to its effect on SMES and technology transfer.
The ecosystem services (service, regulatory, supplying and cultural services) can be regarded as public goods representing a value comparable to the performance of real economy.
to overcome the current economic crisis we need to create a smarter, greener economy, where our prosperity will come from research and innovation.
Science is the basis for a better future and the bedrock of a knowledge-based society and a healthy economy.
The economy is estimated to have shrunk in GNP terms by almost 18 per cent over the period 2007-2012 with significant adverse impacts on employment and incomes.
Structural reforms and fiscal consolidation have helped to rebalance the economy underpinning a return to the sovereign bond market
In its Medium Term Economic Strategy 2014-2020 (MTES), it has set out how it will continue the work of rebuilding The irish economy,
and sustain a competitive economy that can pay its own way, serve society, and that can survive
and thrive in a reformed euro zone and an increasingly globalised international economy. The Action Plan for Jobs 2014, published on 27 february,
The Action Plan for Jobs also has a focus on specific sectors in the economy such as agriculture and food, tourism, aviation services, the green economy, retail and construction and property.
A strong commitment to oversight and implementation is key to ensuring the effectiveness of the Plan.
The attraction of FDI plays a key role in pump-priming new sectors and activities in the economy.
Firms that continue to trade locally play a major role that can be pivotal in determining the performance of Ireland's entire economy particularly
Locally available, competitive and efficiently produced goods and services can result in increased Direct Economy Expenditure
certain priority areas are more important to the economy in certain regions than in others, e g.
The focus of these criteria was to ensure alignment with the overall national policy focus on the transformation of the economy to a more sustainable basis for economic growth for the future,
and therefore maximise impact of RD&I investment on the economy. It was based on a strong evidence base and rigorous analysis combined with stakeholder (broad based) judgement.
and fourth level qualifications in STEM disciplines for the purpose of securing employment in the knowledge economy.
This will allow for assessment of how well these sectors are performing relative to the overall economy,
Post 2015, in the context of a return to sustainable growth domestically and a recovered global economy, we anticipate a renewal of the pattern of annually increasing public investment in R&d coupled with a quickening of the average rate of growth of private R&d
The economy is estimated to have shrunk in GNP terms by almost 18 per cent over the period 2007-2012 with significant adverse impacts on employment and incomes.
Structural reforms and fiscal consolidation have helped to rebalance the economy underpinning a return to the sovereign bond market
In its Medium Term Economic Strategy 2014-2020 (MTES), it has set out how it will continue the work of rebuilding The irish economy,
and sustain a competitive economy that can pay its own way, serve society, and that can survive
and thrive in a reformed euro zone and an increasingly globalised international economy. The Action Plan for Jobs 2014, published on 27 february,
The Action Plan for Jobs also has a focus on specific sectors in the economy such as agriculture and food, tourism, aviation services, the green economy, retail and construction and property.
A strong commitment to oversight and implementation is key to ensuring the effectiveness of the Plan.
The attraction of FDI plays a key role in pump-priming new sectors and activities in the economy.
Firms that continue to trade locally play a major role that can be pivotal in determining the performance of Ireland's entire economy particularly
Locally available, competitive and efficiently produced goods and services can result in increased Direct Economy Expenditure
certain priority areas are more important to the economy in certain regions than in others, e g.
The focus of these criteria was to ensure alignment with the overall national policy focus on the transformation of the economy to a more sustainable basis for economic growth for the future,
and therefore maximise impact of RD&I investment on the economy. It was based on a strong evidence base and rigorous analysis combined with stakeholder (broad based) judgement.
and fourth level qualifications in STEM disciplines for the purpose of securing employment in the knowledge economy.
This will allow for assessment of how well these sectors are performing relative to the overall economy,
Post 2015, in the context of a return to sustainable growth domestically and a recovered global economy, we anticipate a renewal of the pattern of annually increasing public investment in R&d coupled with a quickening of the average rate of growth of private R&d
Why we in the Canary islands miss opportunities to exploit, for a knowledge-based economy, the availability of good ideas and innovations?
New global markets with no competition The economical crisis of traditional industry sectors could foster investment in the knowledge based economy Losing the technological race with other competitor nations Cuts
sustainable growth, promoting a more resource efficient, greener and competitive economy; inclusive growth, fostering a high employment economy delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion.
Investing more in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
and the knowledge economy in all regions. 2 http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020/index en. htm 3 See previous footnote. 4 http://ec. europa. eu
because the development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation remains a fundamental challenge for the EU as a whole.
as an important innovation effort and considerable investment is required to shift towards a resource-efficient and low carbon economy,
and a global role for every national and regional economy, including both leader and less advanced territories.
All regions have a role to play in the knowledge economy, provided that they can identify comparative advantages and potential and ambition for excellence in specific sectors or market niches.
and remain competitive in the global economy. This type of specialisation allows regions to take advantage of scale, scope and spillovers in knowledge production and use,
Furthermore, strategies that combine innovation with specific strengths of the national/regional economy offer a much greater chance of success. Imitating other regions by trying to create'miracle growth'in headline industries such as semiconductor
However, who has the entrepreneurial knowledge in the regional economy? It may be held by firms, which is often the case in'advanced'regions rich in entrepreneurial experiments and discoveries.
In such cases the discovery concerns potential synergies (economies of scope and spillovers) which are likely to materialise between an existing activity and a new one.
RIS3 needs to be based on a sound analysis of the regional economy, society, and innovation structure, aiming at assessing both existing assets and prospects for future development.
such as technological infrastructures, linkages with the rest of the world and the position of the region within the European and global economy,
and key challenges both for the economy and the society. Economic differentiation is one of the central principles behind smart specialisation.
which suggests that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
This analysis aims to build a systematic understanding of the areas in the economy and society that have the greatest potential for future development,
Step 3-Elaboration of an overall vision for the future of the region Analytical evidence should be used to depict a comprehensive scenario of the regional economy
suggesting that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique, localised knowledge base (existing specialisation) into new combinations/innovations
Hence, the work for this analytical step of a RIS3 strategy should combine the above types of analyses with other analyses aiming at shedding light on potential for knowledge-based transformation of the economy, based on information on the positioning of the regional
economy in international value chains and on identification of specific key assets. Several methods can be used to support the identification of potential niches for smart specialisation.
quantitative analyses calculate degrees of specialisation of regional economies on the basis of employment (or value-added) data.
Location quotients measure whether some sectors are represented over in a regional economy compared to other regions or countries.
the above wide view means that several policy areas are concerned with the RIS3, beyond the traditional science and technology and economy ministries and agencies.
How Europe's Economies Learn. Coordinating Competing Models: Different modes of innovation. 35 delivery instruments
groups that were interested more in preserving the regional status quo than transforming the regional economy through innovation.
This in turn helps to overcome the sectoral and disciplinary silos that reproduce old habits and routines, locking regional economies into their traditional paths of development.
and management consultancy, all of which afford an overview of the regional economy. Formal recognition of the boundary spanning role,
and its significance for universities, businesses and the regional economy, would do much to promote a skill set that is critically important to the moderation of the RIS3 process, particularly of the entrepreneurial process of discovery,
regional authorities and development agencies will need to behave less like traditional public bureaucracies and more like innovation animateurs, brokering new connections and conversations in the regional economy.
universities, development agencies and regional governments could jointly identify a project to explore the prospects for related variety in the regional economy.
as well as their own diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the regional economy, and these views were subjected to critical review through a combination of SWOT analyses and collective debate.
and channelling resources towards those investments that have the potentially highest impact on the regional economy.
in order to select a few priorities focusing on the existing strengths of the economy but also on emerging opportunities.
economies of scope and local spillovers can be realised fully in the process of knowledge production and distribution. A regional economy clearly provides the appropriate dimensional framework for such processes of decision
strategic implementation, agglomeration of resources and materialisation of spillovers. However, national economies might also be a good framework,
particularly in the case of small countries. 52 But how to present the prioritised areas?
For this reason, the major aspects related to the current and projected structure of the regional economy should be investigated in the preliminary,
Additional elements of interest with a view to a RIS3 are distribution by size and the innovativeness of firms in the regional economy,
such as the existence of a number of industries in need of modernisation or the dependence of the regional economy on a limited number of industries.
and channelling resources towards investments with a potentially higher impact on the regional economy. The distinctive elements that can guide review,
allowing regions to create more value, reaching higher levels of excellence and thriving in the global economy.
to face up to the new forms of competition that are developing in the global economy. SMES are thus at the core of Cohesion Policy.
The resulting innovation ecosystem spurs new ideas, solutions and innovations of benefit to the European economy and society, as well as science.
particularly research and innovation, promoting the competitiveness of SMES and the shift to a low carbon economy;
goods and service innovation throughout the economy and are of systemic relevance. They are multidisciplinary,
capable of generating economic growth and employment and strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy. They bear enormous market potential.
and diversification in many industrial zones and rural areas with the potential to rejuvenate economies, stimulate innovation and contribute to growth;
However, in many regions, cultural and creative sectors constitute a major asset for the economy, and building on this asset should be considered in national/regional research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation.
and the spill over effects of CCIS on the wider economy, 'will provide in early 2012 a policy handbook identifying good practices in this field that might prove very useful for managing authorities,
and Convergence i e. supporting the economically less developed regions of Europe, implementing the knowledge-based economy,
and greener economy to boost its competitiveness and be able to sustain its growth. This is why sustainable growth is one of the priorities of Europe 2020,
which stresses the need for a transition to a green, low-carbon, resource-efficient economy as a new paradigm for sustainable growth.
This will result in an EU economy that is more competitive in a world of high energy prices and tough resource constraints and competition.
but it is critical in accelerating the transition towards a greener economy and getting the actors of innovation and environment working together.
ERDF resources are earmarked for thematic priority‘supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy in all sectors;
In particular a closed-loop economy that aims to reduce in absolute terms, input, waste and the release of harmful substances along the value chain
Eco-innovation-putting the EU on the path to a resource and energy efficient economy, Study and briefing notes',March 2009.163 Eco-innovation Observatory'The Eco-Innovation Challenge-Pathways to a resource
Second, a region's natural assets can be the very start of innovation activities and the development of new technologies or solutions, for instance in the case of renewable energy sources but also the expansion of the bio-economy.
It is important to link business, the public sector, the social economy and civil society. To make an impact,
without a disseminated impact at the level of all companies in the economy. The development is slowed by the quality of education and the availability of work force,
have cathalist and multiplication effects towards the other branches of the regional economy, are highly competitive at global level,
ensure regional economy'sustainable effect. Target at t1 moment (2020: allocation of 2%from regional GDP for research and development activities.
, Cluj, Magurele) Main objectives of the strategy-To increase the competitiveness of the Romanian economy through innovation-To enhance the Romanian contribution to the progress of frontier knowledge-To enhance the role of science in society 4 Procedural principles:
the potential for adding value (in the economy, public services, public decision-making etc. to the results of research;
informal discussions were held with teams in the Ministry of the Economy. The design of the strategy involved a number of collaborative procedures, from work in relatively large and diverse panels to participative online consultations.
1 ROMANIA AND SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY BACKGROUND DOCUMENT Economic context The Romanian economy, ranked right in the middle of the latest Global Competitiveness Report, is driven efficiency and displays low business sophistication.
and is separated from the average national economy in Europe by a considerable competitiveness gap. Most of its small-and medium-sized firms are driven not innovation
which, alongside a few large state-owned companies, play a dominant role in the economy. The structure of the labor force diverges substantially from the European trends.
proven scientific performance, the potential for adding value (in the economy, public services, public decision-making etc.
Knowledge-based economy, European union, R&d, SMES JEL CLASSIFICATION: L29, O11, O30, O52 1. INTRODUCTION As we are facing the transition to the knowledge-based economy,
the role of R&d and innovation is constantly increasing. Because the challenges we are facing have a systemic nature, the instability,
A working definition emphasizes that the knowledge-based economy is characterized by the transformation of knowledge in raw material, capital, products, essential production factor for the economy,
which we can measure the volume of productive knowledge that is implied in the export structure the most competitive segment in an economy.
and services in a competitive way has structural implications for an economy; therefore, the raising complexity and diversification are critical premises for development as they influence directly the growth potential.
and shows a consistent transformation of the Romanian economy. Actually, it pictures the transition from an artificially sustained portfolio of products
But if we look at the complexity of the economy there is clear evidence that since 1995,
Proceedings of the 7th International Management Conference"New Management for the New Economy",Bucharest, Romania.
Key strenghts and challenges of West region economy...16 III. 1. Main strengths...17 III. 2. Main challenges...
47 IV. 2. Horizontal policy areas that impact West Region economy...50 IV. 3. Sector specific smart policy areas in West Region...
is to tackle structural weaknesses in Europe's economy, while reducing regional disparities in income, wealth and opportunities.
and entrepreneurs and may help unlock the competitive and innovative potential of the West Region's economy. 8 I. Introduction 1. In 2010,
By focusing on particular sectors that have a considerable weight in the regional economy (automotive, textiles, agro-food, ICT, construction,
and spreading the benefits of innovation throughout the entire regional economy. http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/smart specialisation en. pdf)..9 ahead in these industries.
and aims to tackle both the structural weaknesses in Europe's economy exposed by the crisis,
and cultural industries can help to boost local economies stimulate new activities, create new and sustainable jobs,
4. supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy in all sectors; 5. promoting climate change adaptation,
Key strenghts and challenges of West region economy 26. In the run up to the EU accession
the Romanian economy experienced healthy rates of growth in incomes. This process was driven by the increasing integration of the Romanian economy with the EU Single Market,
which, despite significant progress, is still below the average of other new Member States. Following the post-transition recession, in the 2000's the country's economic expansion was fuelled by unrestrained access to EU capital and product markets,
As a result, the Romanian economy experienced growth averaging 6. 5%per annum and saw GDP per capita rise from 26%of the EU average to 49%between 2000 and 2011 (Figure 1). Figure 1:
i e. evenly spread among different parts of the economy. Figure 12: Sector Distribution of Gazelles in the West Region (2010) Source:
Calculations based on customs data from Institute of National Statistics As a result of the spatial effect of the transition of the economy and conditioned in part by geography,
As part of a post socialist country, the West region economy was dominated by large state industries up until the early 1990s.
These geographical endowments and development patterns still play a significant role in shaping the economies of the counties today
but has played an important role in integrating the West Region ever more tightly into the European economy. 66.
it is less likely the business will be embedded fully in the local economy, particularly if it is owned foreign.
This comes from the spillover of knowledge and technology into the regional economy. As foreign firms are almost inevitably more productive
including scale economies, the difficulty for small local suppliers to meet international quality standards, and the fact that many purchasing decisions at the foreign-owned firms are taken not in the West Region plant but at the corporate headquarters. 47 IV.
but because of their relevance and potential in the West Region's economy; they are: automotive, textiles, agro-food, ICT, construction,
IV. 2. Horizontal policy areas that impact West Region economy 88. The identification of the main horizontal policy areas results from the combination of a consultative process with private sector representatives-drawing primarily on interviews with sample firms in the target sectors
and skills that are likely to be the cornerstones of the region's future economy. 91.
Development and Innovation. 41 The Government Decision 185/2013 does not mention how these structures can cooperate with the Ministry of Economy,
economy-wide areas of intervention that should be considered as part of the national strategies and national sectoral operational strategy. 138.
i) Promote the transfer of knowledge and innovation in regional economy; and (ii) Improve access of enterprises to support services and foster enterprise development. 164.
The most relevant sectors in the West Region economy are automotive ICT, textile, agro-food,
This type of instrument can increase the availability of financing through a multiplying effect at the level of the regional economy. 172.
The analysis of the regional level economy revealed a mismatch between the available skills and the needs of the labor market in the West Region.
as well as the degree of dependence of the rural economy on increased connectivity to larger urban centers.
and innovation in regional economy Improving access to support services for SMES, to foster their development National, local and EU funds, West Regional OP TO3.
These objectives aim to tackle both the structural weaknesses in Europe's economy exposed by the crisis,
but because of their relevance and potential in the West Region's economy. This assessment has revealed, based on available information,
The region has a dynamic economy, and stands out among the other regions of Romania as result of a high level of economic development, solid export growth rate, relatively skilled human resources, a large diversity of natural resources,
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