This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
When using urban labs as a tool for urban development city government can improve relationships with their citizens by testing ideas in real world settings with all relevant stakeholders:
Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise and coordinating inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders.
and agents (stakeholders in a broad sense, including implementers and decision makers. The Futurium platform is based on the metaphor of emergent collective intelligence,
and combines the informal nature of social networks with a methodological approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process.
Standards will enable new business models for co-operation between multiple stakeholders such as companies, public authorities and citizens to develop meaningful technologies.
when it is perceived as fair by all stakeholders, seeking the right balance between the interests of creators (to control their work
engaging effectively in multi-stakeholder processes. Distributed and open architectures Community and bottom-up networking 5. 3 RESEARCH
Qualitative responses to the idea-interviews or meetings/consultation with key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed
This will enable engagement with stakeholders regarding risk cost, prioritisation and funding. 1 ttp://www. nhsbsa. nhsh. uk/Prescriptionservices/809. aspx 2 The Mcdonnell douglas hardware
and prescribing related data to NHS stakeholders and the general public. For example the Electronic Prescribing
and prescribing related data to NHS stakeholders and the general public (see paragraph 2. 3). 12 Part Two NHS Prescription Services:
It is likely that other projects will continue to take precedence without effective engagement with stakeholders such as the Department of health,
which to engage stakeholders and customers. 5. 5 The best potential for accuracy and efficiency improvement appears to rest with the Electronic Prescriptions Service (EPS),
which makes it difficult to build a robust case that can be used to engage with stakeholders
and contract management staff, technical stakeholders and representatives from suppliers Document review of ICT and contracting strategies, reviews of the ICT estate,
A workshop of key stakeholders where they self-assessed and scored themselves against the components of the framework Semi structured interviews with corporate service leaders, senior technical staff,
risk registers and service impacting incidents A'wash up'workshop where the results of National Audit Office fieldwork findings were played back to senior stakeholders
Key stakeholders have clear visibility of the level of risk exposure. Implementation Lifecycle management The system is readily adaptable to changing business needs
Strengthened cross-border co-operation between all stakeholders is necessary to reach these goals. Of particular relevance for small firms are lowcost on-line dispute resolution mechanisms among firms
Strengthen cross-border co-operation between stakeholders and the development of rules with cross-border application.
This Staff Working Document also draws on other sources of information available e g. studies, participation in conferences, interviews with stakeholders and the deliberations of the expert group on e-commerce etc.
Many other stakeholders took the opposite view and identified the present copyright situation within the EU as a major barrier to the availability of content beyond the national borders
Private stakeholders can submit comments thereby assisting the Commission and national authorities in identifying possible trade barriers at an early stage.
Stakeholders, by means of the public consultation on e-commerce, indicated that these provisions are essential for the provision of intermediary activities.
"This stakeholder further stated that in the absence of liability exceptions, offering a video-sharing site would probably be too great a commercial risk.
Moreover, the responses to the public consultation on e-commerce indicated that a wide variety of stakeholders face a high degree of regulatory uncertainty about the application of the intermediary liability regime of the ECOMMERCE Directive.
Each review will describe the main obstacles that have been raised by stakeholders, the interpretation of the Directive by national judges and the state of EU law.
but also by some ISPS and other stakeholders. The underlying argument is twofold: On the one hand, it is argued that it would not be legitimate
"Stakeholders sometimes defend a differentiated approach on the basis that the means by which actual knowledge can be obtained depends on the kind of illegal activity or information.
Some stakeholders who defend the first interpretation (actual knowledge can only be obtained through a court order) make an exception for child pornography or manifestly racist content.
"A wide variety of stakeholders expressed concerns that ISPS would be reluctant to take voluntary measures to prevent illegality as this could make it more difficult to claim an absence of actual knowledge.
117 Some stakeholders, in particular intermediaries, therefore suggested that the Commission should propose a so-called"Good samaritan clause".
Some stakeholders expressed fear that defining"expeditious"could increase pressure on ISPS to take down content on notice even before correctly assessing the alleged illegality of the information.
Some stakeholders (and national judgments) consider that the extent to which information or activity is manifestly illegal seems to be essential.
according to some stakeholders, be interpreted as selecting or modifying. Recital 43 of the Directive provides in this regard that the requirement of not modifying information"does not cover manipulations of a technical nature
however, that most NTD procedures are not based on agreements between stakeholders, but result from the unilateral policy of individual companies.
In the responses to the public consultation, some stakeholders, in particular civil rights organisations, complained about a lack of transparency and democratic oversight with the policies of individual companies.
Some stakeholders are worried that intermediaries are in a position, for the sake of simplicity and to avoid liability claims,
The french Law on the performance of internal security also puts in place a mechanism for blocking child pornography. 3. 4. 4. 3 Persisting issues According to a majority of stakeholders that responded to the public consultation,
Certain stakeholders also consider it socially undesirable that the takedown of manifestly illegal information (for instance child pornography) is sometimes less fast than the takedown of illegal information where there is a financial gain involved in the takedown (for instance phishing websites.
"Many stakeholders consider it important that the provider of allegedly illegal information should be given the opportunity to submit a counter-notice
Moreover, as indicated by stakeholders, offering the possibility of submitting a counter notice is perhaps not appropriate in the context of manifestly illegal information.
Some stakeholders consider that intermediaries should not be held liable for taking down"illegal"information if it turns out that the information was provided not illegal
http://www. cl. cam. ac. uk/rnc1/takedown. pdf 46 Many stakeholders consider that the legitimacy of private operators deciding on the takedown of content without the intervention of a court depends on the extent to
many stakeholders do not consider that the intervention of a court is required to takedown manifest child pornography.
Other stakeholders, in particular intermediaries, also favour a focus on prevention, but in the form of offering attractive, accessible and legal services on the Internet.
Stakeholders to be consulted include Member States, internet intermediaries, right holders, child protection organisations, civil rights organisations and citizens in general.
For this reason, the public consultation on e-commerce consulted stakeholders on the effectiveness and efficiency of filtering techniques ten years after the 142 BGH,
A wide variety of stakeholders mentioned several disadvantages of filtering techniques and confirmed that Article 15 is still relevant today.
A variety of stakeholders raised concerns about significant traffic speed reductions as a result of certain filtering techniques.
Second, stakeholders also expressed concerns about the costs associated with filtering techniques. ISPS tend to argue that implementing filtering techniques would be a significant financial burden.
a variety of stakeholders raised concerns about tensions between the protection of fundamental rights and filtering techniques.
the Commission announced in the Digital Agenda for Europe (2010) its intention to create a stakeholder platform by 2012 for EU online trustmarks,
stakeholders and experts to carefully analyse the implementation process for setting up the EU trustmark scheme. 149
and benefits of (different models) for setting up an EU online trustmark stakeholder platform. 4. 1. 2 Personal data protection 4. 1. 2. 1 Personal data protection
and respective stakeholders and analyse the steps required to improve E-commerce, enhance consumer confidence and develop a European Trustmark.
M. Antonio VITORINO, tasked with resolving differences amongst relevant stakeholders and finding workable solutions to resolve outstanding issues that should lay the ground for comprehensive legislative action at EU level by 2012.
Commissioner for Justice and Home affairs, was appointed to take up the mission of mediator to lead the process of stakeholder dialogue on private copying levies.
Mr. Vitorino's task will be to moderate stakeholder discussions with the objective of exploring possible approaches to harmonisation of both the methodology used to impose levies and the systems of administration of levies.
involving the stakeholders most concerned by this phenomenon (right holders and internet platforms). In this context, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed by major internet platforms and right holders on 4 may 2011.203 Over the coming twelve months,
these stakeholders will review and measure progress under the auspices of the Commission services. The Commission is also working on a review of the IPR Enforcement Directive 2004/48/EC,
Stakeholders in the responses to the public consultation on the future of electronic commerce in the Internal Market and the implementation of the ECD also raised the issue of the provision of online press services being hampered allegedly by conditions set by certain"application platforms".
language=en), the ECJ 78 stakeholders responding to the public consultations expressed their concerns about manufacturers imposing"brick
A large majority of stakeholders confirmed the need for regulatory measures regarding the mutual recognition and acceptance of e-identification and authentication throughout the EU. In 2012,
defined priorities for their resolution and proposed a set of concrete future actions for all stakeholders involved.
In turn, the Commission established a European Multi-Stakeholder Forum on e-invoicing to identify common hurdles
and should include all stakeholders involved (e g. delivery operators; eretailers; customers; other stakeholders. With regard to the complaints procedures in case of lost items, theft and delay, it becomes imperative that Article 19 of the Postal services Directive
and the user's possibility to complain to the postal service provider is implemented efficiently and that adequate protection is ensured at the national level.
The main driver of open innovation is inherently communication between stakeholders. In IBM's recent CEO study, more than three quarters of the 765 CEOS queried cited collaboration
including all stakeholders as active players in jointly creating and experimenting in the new ways of doing things
letting all the stakeholders do their best, and play together. Exactly like a good conductor makes the sound of an orchestra.
to be able to focus our limited resources correctly to create a genuine winwin game for all stakeholders.
services and products benefiting all stakeholders. Do we have the courage to seek for disruptions?
engaging all stakeholders and entering into a relatively short rapid prototyping and experimentation phase. All these elements are an integral part of the Open Innovation 2. 0 paradigm.
The new role of universities also leads to new approaches in Intellectual Property (IP) management, interlinking universities to joint actions with other stakeholders and developing new operating modes for academic institutions
enabling new value creation processes involving wider stakeholder communities. Kleibrink and Schmidt are addressing open innovation ecosystems from communities of practice and an innovation lab perspective.
Strong community commitment is evident in the design of the Living Lab and the current operations as the glue between all the Executive Summary 7 stakeholders.
The shift from products to services, from technology for people to societal needs and from products to platforms are all leading to refocusing the needs of the stakeholders in innovation environments.
The shift to a continuous innovation environment and processes increase the interlinkages between all the stakeholders in the quadruple helix innovation process,
Future City is an urban innovation ecosystem where each of the stakeholders has a specific role.
There are many ways to engage stakeholders at all levels to participate in and actively contribute to these processes.
and many ways for stakeholders and citizens to contribute, but there are also diverse challenges along the way.
and engage all the stakeholders of the challenge innovation ecosystem, and supports parallel open, co-creative innovation processes in the real world,
Follow-through takes place at diverse and relevant locations, with direct stakeholder engagement, and orchestrated support from facilitators, coaches and experts on different steps in the innovation process.
and opportunities for realising the strategy with a broad group of local and international stakeholders.
The entrepreneurial discovery process will engage hundreds of stakeholders, allowing their buy in and broadening ownership of the results.
The innovation ecosystems are breaking from the past linear innovation model towards a mash-up process creating positive sparks across the stakeholders and the different disciplines too.
With all the stakeholders involved. Experiments with curiosity are the drivers for new. This requires courage,
It drives for new approaches having all the stakeholders involved from the start, and it advocates for searching for the unexpected.
as well as engaging the stakeholders to the process and also by enabling infrastructures. The Digital Agenda for Europe and the Single Digital Market are important tools for the scale up.
with this engagement of all stakeholders, there is a lot better possibility to capture the best ideas,
Given the multi-disciplinary and cross-industry characteristics of the European programmes, these programmes could be termed‘systemic instruments'2 where the objective is to engage and mobilise a wide range of stakeholders to tackle shared challenges.
and networked forms of collaboration between industrial, government and academic stakeholders on the one hand, and the public sector on the other.
It was realised further that much tighter collaboration between the stakeholders is necessary for achieving the targeted industry level transitions and impact.
Governance structures should involve broader sets of different stakeholders and include complementary macro-level competences e g. foresight, emerging technologies, commercialisation of research results,
The European commission and stakeholder communities are involved also heavily in the implementation of each of the programmes.
which led to the formation of numerous ecosystems consisting of the core partners to the programme and other stakeholders.
This results in knowledge flows between universities, companies and external stakeholders; knowledge is becoming a source of competitive advantage This trend positions universities as key partners for industrial companies and places them in the epicentre of regional and national innovation ecosystems;
marketing and communication department to interact with stakeholders and public; alumni relationship office; research office to monitor
The researcher as a stakeholder wants protection for his/her creative work and wants credit for scientific career through being acknowledged as the inventor in scientific publications.
The university as a stakeholder has a mission to maintain a high level of research and education,
The interests of businesses as research stakeholders are naturally the use of inventions for commercial innovations.
OTD operates under Harvard university's supervision 5. The starting point of the policy of OTD is that all stakeholders, the university,
compliant with the quadruple helix innovation mode, was applied gradually within EU projects for involving all stakeholders, especially users and policy-makers, at the earlier stage of R & D and innovation.
& Salmelin 3 consider LLS as a significant example of the open innovation ecosystem where users are engaged in co-creating value together with all project stakeholders.
and Employment) and the Odense Municipality are Mindlab's main stakeholders, main customers and provide the largest share of funding.
and public sector stakeholders (3). Proto-typing takes place together with citizens and businesses to create possible solutions.
Especially in the early days of Mindlab this required ongoing explanations to the stakeholders. Solutions developed in innovation labs are meant to facilitate
initiate networking events with (inter) national stakeholders and potential large industry partners for the start-up for a limited time span.
citizens, users, bureaucrats, interest groups, experts, partners, financiers, economic and academic stakeholder and students etc. This diversity facilitates avoiding blind spots in innovation processes.
and other stakeholders who will benefit from the value created. A‘designerly'approach facilitates citizens in participating as experts on their own quality of life.
Who are the users and other stakeholders, what are their needs and when do they experience them?
There is a need to get a deeper understanding of the different stakeholders'needs in relation to good quality of life to enable the definition of meaningful solutions.
Each pilot area has its own dynamics, stakeholders and context. In depth understanding of the specific needs of the stakeholders in the pilot area is needed,
as well as good understanding of the city's policy with its strategic ambitions for the city as a whole.
as shown in Figure 2. External stakeholders included residents, police officers, employers, hotel owners, representatives of citizens, scholars etc.
and these led to a coherent overview of the desired stakeholder needs in relation to the cities'strategic ambition.
The identification of societal needs with all stakeholders in the ENIGMA project 86 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E
In the process it is important to engage all stakeholders and listen to their specific needs.
so they address the societal needs for the city above the individual preferences of stakeholders.
and viability of such a solution to the stakeholders before the market takes it up.
The ultimate aim is to offer more value to more stakeholders thereby significantly improving the quality of life in cities through new innovations.
to create a sustainable ecosystem the business models should ensure the integration of the societal and economic interests of the different stakeholders.
In the new generation, knowledge institutes, citizens and other stakeholders are involved intensively in research and education with the aim of co-creating meaningful solutions.
So the only way to create a solution that fulfils the (often unarticulated) needs of the stakeholders is to jointly embark on a co-creation process to explore possible solution spaces.
and other stakeholders who benefit from its value. A‘designerly'approach facilitates citizens in participating as experts on their own quality of life.
With more stakeholder involvement, multiple leaders will be nurtured and, hopefully, a self-organising system will be established to sustain the transformation.
and other stakeholders all join their efforts to sustain Lyon as a city of media arts for everybody's benefit.
As a result, economic stakeholders, local authorities or public utilities, artists and designers all contribute to the development of these tools
'The role of each stakeholder engaged in this ecosystem is crucial. Each participant in this ecosystem can be a change agent.
in order to secure the maximum economic and social impact for all the stakeholders involved. Collaborative skills, shares ideas, values and processes, open data need to be in place to make the collaboration efficient,
It often involves partnering with start-ups and other stakeholders, but not focusing on the innovation capacity from outside alone.
and the impact of the new approach in action, involving all stakeholders into the common journey from invention to innovation.
clusters and also triple helix innovation where the stakeholders are academia, industry and public sector. Open Innovation 2. 0 however brings us further,
taking the full advantage of strong seamless interactivity across all stakeholders, including users, across the whole innovation ecosystems.
frictionless innovation space where all the stakeholders can share their ideas, prototype them and scale up the successes rapidly.
And, of course all stakeholders should be able to build and contribute to the innovation ecosystems by bringing in their competencies,
Sharing is the best guarantor for growing the pie for all stakeholders. I believe this edition of the yearbook gives you stimulus
This new interaction model leads to a more inclusive society based on joint wins across all stakeholders.
it will be dwarfed by the efforts of teams that enable a wide spectrum of stakeholders to take on active roles.
when a wider spectrum of stakeholders participates, is heard more frequently from world leaders, as the following comments reveal.
Once again we want to stress the importance of the creativity beyond organisational boundaries as essential to creating valuable components for innovation from a societal (market) perspective due to new co-creation processes across all stakeholders.
and will help achieve broader scale innovation benefits for larger numbers of stakeholders. In OI2 there is also a cultural shift away from resisting change and toward innovation and the creation of shared value.
Innovation Co-creation and Engagement Platforms Co-creation includes all stakeholders, including citizens, users, or customers, in the development of innovative solutions.
It is important to see how these changes in the drivers for success have led to different policy approaches by all stakeholders.
Also the roles and collaboration of stakeholders is very different from the past. Introduction The traditional innovation approach is based on linear innovation,
Innovation is increasingly based on cocreation processes across all stakeholders, including the end-users. Here we need to have a look at one of the most important assets in Europe for growth:
and frictionless environments for multi stakeholder trials, including legal and policy elements is the key to root in the European mind-set.
and sharing of innovation options constitute a significant competitive advantage with broader scale benefits that leverage and benefit all stakeholders.
'However, it requires all stakeholders, including users, to be engaged along the design process for co-creating,
Since 2006, the LL approach was applied gradually within EU projects for involving all stakeholders, especially users and also policy-makers,
in order to result in the most appropriate UX while sharing knowledge and crystallising the collective work of the LL stakeholders.
but rather occurring until the evaluation of UX satisfies all project stakeholders. Furthermore, the XD process concurrently occurs at different granularities,
artefacts and/or innovative scenarios as sessions of collective creativity involving all concerned stakeholders and especially users;
and discussion with all stakeholders of potential refinements in order to prepare the next iteration until it reaches the proper level of user adoption.
for example in view of solving societal issues (e g. smart city services) but merely requires immersive techniques/technologies for engaging all stakeholders, especially users, in the environment of augmented creativity.
and encourages stakeholders to freely explore alternatives for increasing safety and Figure 5: The Logistic Use Case 28 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2
with a set of stakeholders on air quality and noise measurement via citizen sensing. During the XD process involving 50 active users,
Top-down because the holistic UX model guides project stakeholders in foreseeing the types of value and corresponding user experience they would like to design in their Iot related product/service.
The S3 principle further requires uniting national and regional stakeholders and resources around an excellence-driven vision of their future.
The Fifth Report on Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion prepared by the European commission (2010) has advocated further the importance of engaging fully relevant local and regional stakeholders, social partners,
which then connect users with their stakeholders across industry, academia, or government (21). In turn, the role of actors in the other three helices would be supporting citizens in such innovation activities (e g. to provide tools, information,
Furthermore, industrial players and public sector stakeholders would then be able to exploit the innovations developed by citizens.
Which are the mechanisms to have wide and effective involvement of stakeholders in priority selection?
which is different for diverse stakeholders collaborating in such an open innovation environment. We realised that it is yet different for a university professor who also would like to start a company
which all stakeholders have their own interests and goals and they all contribute to value creation.
This co-location of people will allow stakeholders to work together face-to-face and move forward effectively towards KIC goals.
A KIC needs a business plan that outlines its expected trajectory towards creating value for its stakeholders.
Its stakeholders include the EIT but also industry and academia. The grants administered by the EIT are not to become another state subsidy
they will not be able to deliver value for their shareholders and stakeholders. Some KIC partners express a real concern on how to define the business model of a KIC.
The FI-PPP platform concept aims to support stakeholder roles in the future Internet value network, in particular technology providers, infrastructure providers, integrators, service providers, application developers and users.
the FI-PPP programme can be considered to have succeeded in its objective to engage the major stakeholders in Europe
and attract interest among new stakeholder groups and communities. The current programme beneficiaries include all major European ICT companies,
CONCORD, together with a task force of lawyers from all major stakeholders, drafted a contract and collected feedback from all participants in two rounds of iterations by structured template by email
More attention was allocated to dissemination and stakeholder engagement. This included establishing linkages to other related initiatives in technical and policy domains for leverage
The role of this Board was to ensure the commitment of the major industrial stakeholders, and strengthen the business linkages
and across the various programme governance bodies and to represent the FI-PPP programme among external stakeholders.
This new role simplified the communications and representation of the FI-PPP programme towards the broader stakeholder audiences.
and communication patterns Relations management with key stakeholders Increased networking with stakeholder communities Process based management FI-PPP as programme organization Standard management rules and procedures Governance
enterprises and stakeholders had distinct roles. Stakeholders had a stake in value creation, but enterprises viewed stakeholders as being largely passive and docile recipients of value creation.
Stakeholding individuals now expect to have a more active role contributing through their differences in views of value
and their agency in creating value. Individuals as stakeholders, whether inside the enterprise network or outside as part of the enterprise ecosystem, are integral to this differential process of jointly defining
and creating value. A key point to CHAPTER III Open Innovation 2. 0 in a Real-world Setting Figure 1:
In other words, while the primacy of different stakeholders may vary depending on the particular framing of an economic system,
stakeholders must be recognised as human beings in all their complexity, whose ideas about value can go beyond just narrow conceptions of‘left-brained self-interests,'as it were.
The notion that individuals as stakeholders matter and must be conceptualised as being an integral part of the value creation process has gained hold in recent years.
Stakeholders are seen increasingly as contributing intrinsically to value creation rather than as entities to be managed merely by an enterprise.
a‘homo economicus'view of stakeholders still lingers. Stakeholder theory has evolved to a more human-oriented‘homo sapiens'view.
The enterprise is seen now as not just an economic but also a moral and human institution,
the role of the stakeholder in value creation also changes from passive to active, affecting enterprises and being affected by them, opening up various kinds of causalities in the value creation process.
Co-Creation thinking evolves stakeholder capitalism even further with its individuated agency and experience-centric view of joint value creation,
Value creation is predicated on access to competence in the joint resource network (with stakeholders and enterprises still‘owning'particular key resources).
Over time, Onstar has evolved as GM has learned more about the broader interests and needs of its more than 6 million customers as stakeholders in experience-based value creation.
The scale of the Aadhaar initiative demands a deeper level of engagement with its myriad stakeholders for it to be successful in the longer term.
the lack of inclusivity of social sector stakeholders from the start appears to have contributed to social discontents.
1 4 concerted efforts are necessary to include social sector stakeholders in order to nurture public trust. Traditional communications efforts to educate the public of the benefits of the initiative are not sufficient anymore in an age where the influences of conventional
however, requires co-designing the engagement design of this platform together with stakeholders both in the communities in which applications are designed and in the communities in
there are other key stakeholders such as public/private sector banks, non-banking finance corporations, microfinance institutions,
as a nodal entity, faces the challenge of leveraging the capabilities of these stakeholders to support the strategic architecture of multiple engagement platforms in the financial inclusion application ecosystem.
These engagement platforms will have to bring together the various stakeholders to engage in multifaceted dialogue aimed at generating new ideas in the ecosystem;
and fostering active discussions and experience sharing and consensus building among stakeholders, all to enable significant co-creation of expanded value in the ecosystem.
Further, continuous stakeholder engagement with the various users of applications service platforms would allow the ecosystem to evolve based on feedback from stakeholder experience domains, to minimise conflicts,
On their part, enterprises are learning how to engage external and internal stakeholders and to harness their personal, peer-to-peer,
For starters, a live engagement platform was conceived for engaging different stakeholders, building political consensus, and co-coordinating lobbying activities.
Naturally, this called for a process of consensus building and democratic goal setting by a coalition of diverse stakeholders collectively representing the interests of the public.
either be created within government or outside of it by a coalition of stakeholders. In fact in October 2006, the strategic agenda was presented to the two state government candidates,
and knowledge to co-evolve human stakeholder experiences of value; 9. Building new strategic capital for enterprises;
Stakeholders and Enterprises Whence: Individual Human Experiences How: Platforms of Engagements From: To: Who: Stakeholding Individuals and Enterprises Whence:
the more inclusive the engagement of stakeholders in the act of creating value (through engagement platforms), the better the results.
Individuals must be engaged as stakeholders in value creation on the same level as enterprises. Convergence of value creation based on individuals'experiences in economy and society necessitates that all enterprises,
and social innovation ecosystems have the potential to balance the invisible hand of free markets with the visible hand of governments and civil society, together with stakeholder expectations of more responsible, responsive,
Stakeholder Theory: The State of the art. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. 4) Pryor, F. L. 2005. Economic systems of Foraging, Agricultural,
the patient, the doctor, social security, the hospital There are many stakeholders to put sit around the table
Services At this level meaningful services are developed that provide value for the relevant stakeholders. In urban lighting there are often different stakeholders that use the area, with different needs and wishes.
The ultimate goal of urban lighting solutions is to create value for societal stakeholders by creating a healthy and liveable city.
Smart lighting can offer valuable services for different stakeholders using the ICT based lighting platform.
In this four level model, technology is considered an enabler. Technological developments create new opportunities for applications.
and effectively collect data and integrate all data into a total system. 2. Innovation driven by societal needs requires the active involvement of all stakeholders to find solutions that cater for their different needs.
Stakeholders turn from objects to active participants being involved in all stages, including very early ideation and prototyping.
The active involvement of stakeholders is needed also to develop new revenue models that enable the continuous innovation and further development of the services.
By understanding the potential value of innovations for the different stakeholders, also opportunities for co-investment arise.
and use the enabling technology in lighting and ICT to provide solutions that address the needs of the stakeholders.
Different areas in cities have different stakeholders with different needs. The solutions will need tailoring to the specific situation.
For example, an entertainment district in a city has different stakeholders with different needs than a residential area or an area around a school.
For each project it is therefore important to start with an inventory of the specific stakeholders of the area and their needs.
In the redevelopment of the area an investigation was made of the main stakeholders in the area and their needs.
Hospitality Various stakeholders wish to improve the hospitality of the area to attract people and to make them stay in the square for leisure activities.
When looking further in the needs identified by the stakeholders, an opportunity was found in using the same technical system to increase a‘virtual stage'.
This case shows that the technical system enables the creation of various services for different stakeholder needs.
Dynamic lighting service designers These designers need to be able to empathise with the different stakeholders.
they need to extend their scope and research the needs of a wider range of stakeholders.
and provide new services for the different stakeholders. Next to these skills, they also need to understand the impact of lighting on people's mood
individual entrepreneurs and early growth companies can solicit donations from individual stakeholders (including friends, family, colleagues, other business owners, etc.
Open Innovation 2. 0 is about extensive collaboration among all the stakeholders in the innovation ecosystem, sharing ideas, results of intellectual creativity and co-creation among all involved.
when a wider spectrum stakeholders participates, thus applying Open Innovation 2. 0 approach, therefore creating better value for the wellbeing of the citizens and businesses.
in order to secure maximum economic and social impact for all the stakeholders involved in Open Innovation 2. 0 ecosystem.
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