and Andrei Shleifer, The Effect of Corporate Taxes on Investment and Entrepreneurship, NBER Working Paper no. 13756 (2008), www. nber. org/papers/w13756. 12.
and actions that cover all possible policy targets, including R&d, technology transfer, technology-based entrepreneurship and innovation collaboration.
More policy measures ought to target demand (market for technology) and entrepreneurship (start-up and spin-off formation.
Enhance new technology-based entrepreneurship in the region, e g. through strengthening the start-up ecosystem; Dynamise cluster-based collaboration and facilitate the shift of existing clusters towards more innovation-oriented activities;
and entrepreneurship (start-up and spin-off formation. WT's RIS3 strategy and some of the additional strategies in place (see section 3 for details) explicitly address this challenge by arguing that Innocheck, a past,
several entrepreneurship development organisations, such as the West Pannon Regional and Economic Development Public Nonprofit Ltd.,
the Nyugat-Pannon Entrepreneurship Development Ltd. With the ongoing restructuring of the institutional system of territorial development,
Direct Investment 77 7. Entrepreneurship 85 7 1 Progressing the National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship 85 7. 2 The Startup Gathering 5 Days 5 Cities 5 Industries 90 8. Competitiveness 94 8
. 1 Easier to do Business 95 8. 2 Institutionalising the Drive for Competitiveness 98 8. 3 Infrastructure Investment to Underpin Employment Growth 99 8. 4
innovation and entrepreneurship and in fostering new sources of growth for the economy. The objectives and actions set out in this Plan are designed to achieve specific impacts in terms of jobs,
Actions are set out to expand reform measures to boost entrepreneurship across all areas of the economy and society.
Delivering Regional Potential This will include the launch of Competitive Funding Initiatives of up to €25 million to promote innovative collaborations to support entrepreneurship
Increasing Entrepreneurial Activity By driving implementation of the actions in the new National Entrepreneurship Policy Statement we will double the jobs impact of start-ups in Ireland over the next five years, from 93,000 currently.
investment, entrepreneurship and exports for Ireland. In 2015, Enterprise Ireland will target the creation of 13,000 gross new full-time jobs in client firms.
To support entrepreneurship we will implement a new Food Works initiative to support startups in the regions.
We will build on the 2014 success of the awards programmes such as Ireland's Best Young Entrepreneur and initiatives under the National Entrepreneurship Strategy.
in the areas of entrepreneurship, the launch of the Local Enterprise Offices and launch of Ireland's Best Young Entrepreneur competition;
The National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland was published in 2014 which aims to support the creation of an additional 93,000 jobs from startup companies in the next five years.
Drive entrepreneurship-start more new businesses and achieve full growth potential; Stimulate innovation by accessing state-funded research
A new support network to drive entrepreneurship, working through Local Enterprise Offices at regional level, to encourage aspiring entrepreneurs to come forward for assistance
Level of Entrepreneurship/Startup While the resilience of our exporting sector has been one of the economy's greatest strengths since the onset of the recession,
enhanced levels of entrepreneurship and progress is being made. In 2014, building on the Entrepreneurship Forum's report, the Government published the National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland.
This details a number of the immediate key actions to support the Government's ambition
Credit and Investment for Growth Limited funding flows in an economy damage the environment for entrepreneurship
across a range of areas including ICT, data analytics, international sales, engineering and entrepreneurship in initiatives such as the ICT Skills Action Plan, Springboard and Momentum.
entrepreneurship and business startup. HEIS, HEA, Employers) 14 Publish an integrated 2015 Further Education and Training (FET) Services Plan that includes provision to meet the FET skills needs identified in various published EGFSN reports and sectoral studies.
Direct engagement with industry and entrepreneurial stakeholders has highlighted the key issue of broadband provision for economic growth, innovation and entrepreneurship in regional locations.
setting out targets to support entrepreneurship, enterprise growth and job creation. LEOS, EI, LAS) 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 37 39 Create a minimum of 500 new jobs
setting out targets to support entrepreneurship, enterprise growth and job creation. Únag) 41 Establish three new Regional Assemblies.
The Government's National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland was published in October 2014 and represents the first time an Irish Government has published a comprehensive national strategy for entrepreneurship.
The key target contained in the plan is to double the jobs impact of startups in Ireland over the next five years, from the current level of 93,000.
we will improve the key interlocking elements that impact on entrepreneurship and make up the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Ireland.
These are: Culture, human capital and education; Business environment and supports; Innovation; Access to finance;
No one policy intervention will generate substantial impact on the entrepreneurship ecosystem, but various actions if taken together will combine to create greater synergies.
The overarching National Entrepreneurship Statement serves to coordinate all areas of Government policy in the area of entrepreneurship to drive these synergies.
The actions set out in the National Entrepreneurship Policy Statement will be delivered and overseen by an interdepartmental/agency Implementation Group.
Further details of the precise actions being pursued are listed in the Entrepreneurship chapter (Chapter 7). 2015 Actions National Entrepreneurship Strategy 69 The National Entrepreneurship Policy Statement actions will be progressed by an interdepartmental
LEOS have also been engaged in many new actions emanating from the Action Plan for Jobs and the Entrepreneurship Policy Statement, for example via the delivery of Trading Online Vouchers.
and the Youth Entrepreneurship Fund by facilitating links between local youth services and the Local Enterprise Offices/Microfinance Ireland.
. 6 in this 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 85 7. Entrepreneurship Central bank research shows that startup companies in the first five years of existence account for two thirds of all new jobs
The Government's National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland was launched in October 2014 and sets out the Government's strategic objectives as a facilitator within The irish entrepreneurship ecosystem, covering the six key elements
and private actors in the field to deliver continuous improvement. 7. 1 Progressing the National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship The six key elements that make up the ecosystem for entrepreneurship in Ireland are:
For the entrepreneurship environment to be truly effective, these six elements must be mutually reinforcing,
forming a coherent whole and supporting entrepreneurs throughout the entrepreneurship lifecycle. Actions to support the entrepreneurship environment in 2015 include a pilot of a new Entrepreneur Partnering Programme scheme
which is being designed for a region to match entrepreneurs with host enterprises, where they can hothouse their ideas
Progress the actions from the National Entrepreneurship Policy; Utilise the New Frontiers Programme optimally to support emerging entrepreneurs;
and deepen work to support entrepreneurship in schools. DES) 179 Examine the Entrepreneurship in the Schools activity in each LEO area
and develop strategies to increase participation and impact. EI, LEOS, DJEI) 180 Continue to support female entrepreneurship via promotional and support programmes.
EI) 181 Ireland's Best Young Entrepreneur: Building on the successful launch and response to the IBYE (Irelands'Best Young Entrepreneur) Programme during 2014, assess the impact
EI) 183 Support entrepreneurship by training more scientists in SFI supported research teams to launch their own businesses and supporting translation of research to commercial opportunities.
SFI) 185 Map relevant entrepreneurship activities in higher education institutions as part of the overall strategy for higher education engagement with enterprise and embed entrepreneurship support within the HEI System Performance Framework.
so as to support innovation, entrepreneurship and attract mobile investment. EI/IDA) 196 Examine the Advisory Group on Small Business (AGSB) recommendations from December 2014
EI) 7. 2 The Startup Gathering 5 Days 5 Cities 5 Industries A national week of events promoting entrepreneurship
and projects that are themed around entrepreneurship, startups and existing industry clusters present in each city.
Engaging the Nation Through a national call for events and projects in the area of entrepreneurship,
Existing annual state supported entrepreneurship and innovation events and‘Entrepreneur Career Fairs'and‘Diaspora Networking Events'will be aligned with the timing of Startup Gathering week where possible and appropriate.
Maintaining Momentum towards Ireland become a global startup hub The medium term impact sought from the Startup Gathering is the creation of a significant improvement in the framework conditions supporting high impact entrepreneurship in Ireland.
which are stated in the National Entrepreneurship Policy Statement. The Key objectives of The Startup Gathering are as follows:
and suggest constructive solutions to help improve framework conditions for entrepreneurship in Ireland; The Startup Gathering website will provide a signposting of resources and supports available to entrepreneurs in Ireland thereby improving accessibility to Ireland's innovation system;
and stimulate a strong culture of high quality entrepreneurship; To promote Ireland as a destination for startup tourism with international delegations coming from around the world for the week of the Startup Gathering;
ITI) 379 Conduct a mid-term review of the New Frontiers programme with a view to determining the nature of future support for entrepreneurship training.
Youth unemployment was 23.2%in Q3 2014.148 5. Increasing Levels of Entrepreneurship Objective Baseline (2011) Current Performance 2015 Targets Relevant APJ Sections 5. 1
Startups 3. 6-LEOS 8-Entrepreneurship 11-New Sources of Growth 5. 2 EI HPSUS approved 93 101 5. 3 Enterprise Starts
443 per month on average in 2014 5. 6. Increase participation on EI Entrepreneurship Programmes 485 (2013) 5. 7. New Frontiers Support for budding entrepreneurs N
Direct Investment FET Further Education and Training FH2020 Food Harvest 2020 GEDI Global Entrepreneurship Development Index GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor GDP
also focusing on the role of social entrepreneurship in the context of the social innovation discourse.
1. 1 Core elements and common features 6 1. 2 Social innovation and social entrepreneurship 8 2 EU initiatives and activities on social innovation
3) social entrepreneurship; 4) the development of new products, services and programmes; and, 5) a model of governance, empowerment and capacity building. 1 Our perspective on social innovation is guided in many ways by the work done by the FP7 project TEPSIE (http://www. tepsie. eu),
2012, p. 26). 1. 2 Social innovation and social entrepreneurship We devote now a brief section of our report to the topic of‘social entrepreneurship'.
1) What is the role of‘social entrepreneurship'in such a debate?(2) Is this the only way for social innovation to get results?
Our main interest is to show here that social entrepreneurship should not be confused with social innovation,
Innovation can emerge in places and from people outside of the scope of social entrepreneurship and social enterprise.
Social entrepreneurship seems to be one of the most considered avenues and potentially most effective ways for social innovation to offer solutions to the most pressing social problems.
2009), social entrepreneurship encompasses the activities and processes undertaken to discover, define, and exploit opportunities
after an examination of'social entrepreneurship'in its common use, suggest the following comprehensive definition:
Social entrepreneurship is exercised where some person (or group)( 1) aims at creating social value, either exclusively or at least in some prominent way;(
and the role of the third sector in socioeconomic development and social entrepreneurship. Horizon 2020's broad approach to innovation further strengthens social
5) EFESEIIS Enabling the flourishing and evolution of social entrepreneurship for innovative and inclusive societies;(
EFESEIIS (Enabling the flourishing and evolution of social entrepreneurship for innovative and inclusive societies. The project provides advice to stakeholders on how to foster Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation;
drafts an Evolutionary Theory of Social Entrepreneurship to explain the different evolutionary paths of Social Entrepreneurship in Europe
and how Social Entrepreneurship and institutions co-evolved over time; identifies the features of an enabling ecosystem for Social Entrepreneurship;
and identifies the New Generation of Social Entrepreneurs, its features, needs and constraints as well as their contribution to Social Innovation.
Social Innovation in Europe ESDN Quarterly Report No. 36 16 SEFORIS (Social Enterprise as Force for more Inclusive and Innovative Societies.
well-being and social entrepreneurship are definitively central to it while economic constraints and different patterns of development are suggested.
2) European commission (2013) Social economy and social entrepreneurship-Social Europe guide-Volume 4. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European union.
and, the informal sector. 2 Social innovation and social entrepreneurship are not the same thing Social entrepreneurship seems to be one of the most considered avenues and, potentially,
European commission, DG Research Dees, J. G. 1998) The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. Available at: http://csi. gsb. stanford. edu/sites/csi. gsb. stanford. edu/files/Themeaningofsocialentrepreneurship. pdf Dees, J. G. 2006) Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously.
Society 44 (3): 24-31. EC (2014) State of the Innovation Union Taking Stock 2010-2014.
http://ec. europa. eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/state-of-the-union/2013/state of the innovation union report 2013. pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none EC (2013) Social economy and social entrepreneurship.
Peredo, A m and M. Mclean (2006) Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of World Business 41,56 65.
a report on an attempt to clone the Grameen Bank in Southern Arkansas. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 3 (1), 53 69.
and environmental sphere (Social Economy & Social Entrepreneurship, 2013). The Innovation Union supports social innovation,
why it matters and how it can be accelerate, University of Oxford, Skoll centre for social entrepreneurship, Murray, R.,Caulier-Grice, J.,Mulgar, G.,(2010).
and to promote entrepreneurship by supporting young innovative companies. The new flagship initiative also deals with multilevel governance
and autochthon entrepreneurship that should be fostered by cooperation with technology owners. Coupled with the need for an increased absorptive capacity, local development is only possible through cooperation between transferor and transferee.
Harvard university Press OECD (2010), SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMES and Local Development, Paris:
societal challenge Social innovation outcomes (actual or confidently predicted by the case) Employment 1. Improved entrepreneurship and work skills (personal and collective) 2. Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities,
Copenhagen School of Entrepreneurship (DK) Flexible workspaces for students with no job providing start-up experience to avoid long-term problems Place making Focus area Case Social needs addressed
European learning networks, such as gender mainstreaming, age management, inclusive entrepreneurship, migrant and ethnic minorities, reintegration of ex-offenders, social economy, asylum seekers
as elsewhere, there is a trend towards a greater role for social entrepreneurship and the social economy,
docid=6137&langid=en. 11 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Zero-hour contract 12 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship
Improved entrepreneurship and work skills (personal and collective) using ICT. Improved employment supports (e g. training, tools, facilities, etc.
Copenhagen School of Entrepreneurship (DK) 22 Flexible workspaces for students with no job providing start-up experience to avoid long-term problems-ICT for student start-ups in lab incubator environment as part of
Preparing for employment 1. Improved entrepreneurship and work skills (personal and collective) Surfen zum Job:
improves the entrepreneurship and overall skills, including in ICT, of people on edge of labour market.
focuses on developing the full range of unemployed students'entrepreneurship skills, as well as links into the wider higher education, innovation and specialist knowledge of the Copenhagen Business school. 2. Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities, etc.
Improved entrepreneurship & work skills (personal & collective) 11. Improved employment supports, e g. training, tools, facilities, etc. 12.
of businesses 6. 5. Promoting entrepreneurship 6. 6. Fostering the transition to a more resource-efficient economy 6. 7. Modernising the Administration 6. 8. Promoting strategic infrastructure Catalonia
1. Improving employability 2. Improving the performance of the labour market 3. Facilitating companies'access to finance 4. Promoting the strategic adaptation of businesses 5. Promoting entrepreneurship 6. Fostering the transition to a more resource
the Government maintains permanent contacts with the business world. 6. 5. Promoting entrepreneurship The Government implements measures aimed at developing the capacity to create new companies,
and detecting growth opportunities Catalonia 2020 Strategy 34 and vocational training), throughout society and in public opinion in order to foster entrepreneurship,
To this end, for example, compulsory secondary education includes two programmes, Enterprising School and Entrepreneurship at my School,
and entrepreneurship In a context marked by restrictions on public spending and growing social demands,
5. Promoting entrepreneurship 5. 1. Introducing entrepreneurial values into the education system 5. 2. Promoting business initiative,
and entrepreneurship Catalonia 2020 Strategy 36 seeks to guarantee that the Government's long-term strategies in fields such as energy climate change, research and innovation, industry, transport, agriculture,
and the Administration that underlines the social utility of entrepreneurship and is Catalonia 2020 Strategy 39 based on responsibility and mutual trust.
By stimulating technology-based entrepreneurship and strengthening the‘demand side'(instead of the traditional policy focus on the supply side of innovation),
The region is developed characterised by infrastructure, high motorway density, good accessibility, intensive entrepreneurship and a high share of foreign investment.
The intensity of entrepreneurship activity (number of active enterprises per thousand inhabitants) is the highest in Hungary at 93.3 (in 2009) versus 69,
Higher-than-the-average entrepreneurship is explained with the concentration of economic activity in this region and with the above average development level of supporting institutions and industries.
2) facilitating new technology-based entrepreneurship for local SMES; 3) improving Triple Helix linkages and technology transfer
Technology-oriented entrepreneurship The main regionally decentralised instrument designed to promote the establishment and growth of technology-based enterprises was the Innocheck programme,
A national programme with regional implications that focused on the support of technology-oriented entrepreneurship was the Regional University Knowledge Centre (RUKC) Programme. 21 RUKC was integrated an university-based programme
Support for technology-oriented entrepreneurship gained a new impetus with the Structural Funds cofunded programmes,
development X X X SMES'product development activity X X X Technological development in SMES X X X Technology-oriented entrepreneurship
and Technology-oriented entrepreneurship. INNOREG's policies have focused mainly on the promotion of regional innovation culture (section 3. 1). Other policy initiatives included project generation:
Keywords Small and medium-sized enterprises Intellectual property rights Entrepreneurship Budget, source and type of funding Form of funding provided Grants Policy learning Extent to
and promote entrepreneurship, as well as aid up-to-date product development and project management methods.""""CHIC aims to be a centre of excellence in the following areas:
In this sense, social entrepreneurship and the cooperative movement of the'60s can be seen as important examples of social innovation too.
'These‘gurus'in entrepreneurship and investing could help the Commission vet prospective evaluators, monitor their performance,
the overall entrepreneurship culture together with the intensity and type of competition seem to influence firms'behaviour with such a power that STI policy schemes cannot offer strong enough incentives to overrule these unfavourable effects. 5
supporting of entrepreneurship supporting growth opportunities of SMES supporting of RDI activities and research and innovation investment of firms;
0. 75 1. 27 11.2%Venture capital and seed capital as%of GDP 0. 03 0. 094 4. 0%Linkages & entrepreneurship Public-private co
Entrepreneurship education and training is not available in the curricula apart from these specialisations at dedicated faculties;
weak entrepreneurial culture and framework conditions (e g. changing regulation) doesn't favour entrepreneurship, specific support is not widely available to young innovative companies to help them commercialise their ideas rapidly
but could be seen as role model for researchers working abroad. 4) Unfavourable framework conditions for innovation The macroeconomic situation, the structure of the economy, the overall entrepreneurship culture,
The overall entrepreneurship culture is underdeveloped, neither high technology entrepreneurship nor start-up is popular among (young) scientists.
These issues together with the intensity and type of competition seem to influence firms'behaviour with such a power that STI policy schemes cannot offer strong enough incentives to overrule these unfavourable effects.
although intercultural and communications skills improved likely due to exchange such as Erasmus(-)Entrepreneurship education and training is not availably widely,
entrepreneurship and innovation(+)Favourable conditions are in place through the New Széchenyi Venture capital Programme that resulted in establishment of 28 Jeremie funds between 2010 and 2013.
700 specialists in 189 economies who participate in Doing Business http://www. doingbusiness. org/contributors/doing-business Entrepreneurship data Data on business density (number of newly registered companies per 1,
000 working-age people) for 139 economies http://www. doingbusiness. org/data/exploretopics/entrepreneurship Distance to frontier Data benchmarking 189 economies to the frontier in regulatory
An economy with an efficient bureaucracy and rules of governance that facilitates entrepreneurship and creativity among individuals
and strengthening laws that promote entrepreneurship and creativity both of which are within the power of governments to do can set an economy on the path to greater prosperity and development.
less entrepreneurship and lower rates of employment and growth. 8. See Stiglitz, Sen and Fitoussi (2009;
poorly functioning business regulation undermines entrepreneurship and economic performance. 7 Introducing collateral registries and debt recovery tribunals leads to better-performing credit markets. 8 Reforms improving access to credit
Second, this choice reflects the focus of Doing Business on expanding opportunities for entrepreneurship: investors are encouraged to venture into business
Yet in many countries the bureaucratic obstacles and high costs imposed by inefficient company registries deter people with good business ideas from embarking on the path of formal entrepreneurship.
where formal entrepreneurship is higher, job creation and economic growth also tend to be higher. 1 Moreover,
Company registries in 95 economies around the world reported extensive use of online services in the World bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey in 2013.
World bank Group, Entrepreneurship Database. STARTING A BUSINESS 49 To implement an effective online registration system,
World bank Group, Entrepreneurship Database. 50 DOING BUSINESS 2015 development a top priority on its reform agenda.
moving the country closer to e-government and fostering entrepreneurship and competitiveness. It was motivated also by the government's desire to make further strides in the fight against excessive bureaucracy and red tape
World bank Group, Entrepreneurship Database. STARTING A BUSINESS 51 not only a new process of incorporation but also a new company registry that runs alongside the existing paperbased one.
World bank Group, Entrepreneurship Database. 14. Information from the website of the Rwandan Office of the Registrar General at http://org. rdb. rw/.
According to a recent survey on entrepreneurship, people from a range of social and demographic groups rank the possibility of going bankrupt as the greatest fear associated with starting a business,
Researchers presented 28 papers in the 8 thematic sessions, covering such issues as entry regulation, entrepreneurship, innovation, financial infrastructure, foreign direct investment, trade
WHAT MATTERS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP? Several papers look at factors that encourage or discourage entrepreneurship. Klapper, Love and Randall (2014) investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth and the effect of the 2008 09 global financial crisis on new firm registration.
The authors explore the change in new firm registrations in 109 countries over the period 2002 12,
which includes precrisis, crisis and recovery periods related to the global financial crisis as well as myriad other economic fluctuations at the region and country level.
Moreover, they find that growth has a stronger association with entrepreneurship in economies with a higher level of financial development
because it has great heterogeneity in entrepreneurship and economic performance, with marked differences between the more developed regions of the Center and North and the less developed ones of the South.
In particular, they provide evidence that the administrative burden in the years just before the reform was a significant obstacle to entrepreneurship (and ultimately economic performance) in the heavily regulated provinces of the South relative to the more lightly regulated ones of the Center and North of Italy.
Audretsch, Belitski and Desai (2014) investigate how the overall business environment affects urban entrepreneurship. They look at a few dimensions of the business environment (such as those measured by the Doing Business indicators on starting a business
cost and procedures) and examine the links between these aspects and 2 measures of entrepreneurship, new business creation and self employment.
The authors find that the national business environment is associated with both measures of entrepreneurship and that the type of regulatory reform can affect entrepreneurship outcomes.
In particular, they find evidence that FIGURE 13.1 Bureaucratic time delays and costs are associated with lower entry by small limited liability firms across Italian provinces 2 3 4 5 6420-2 2 3 4 5 6420-2 Veneto
number of procedures) of the business environment could have different effects on entrepreneurship. They also find that in some cases their 2 measures of entrepreneurship (new business creation
and self employment) are affected differently by the same regulatory dimension or same type of regulatory reform.
and methodology of selected papers from the Doing Business research conference Theme Main findings Methodology overview Data sources Entrepreneurship Klapper, Love and Randall (2014) GDP growth,
World bank, Entrepreneurship Database; World bank, World Development Indicators database; Doing Business database Entrepreneurship Bripi (2013) Bureaucratic time delays and, to a lesser extent,
costs due to inefficient regulatory procedures can reduce the firm entry rate in industries that should have naturally high entry rates relative to low-entry sectors.
Bank of Italy data set measuring the time and costs of regulation across Italian regions Entrepreneurship Audretsch,
Multidimensional Business Environment and Entrepreneurship in European Cities. Paper presented at the conference Doing Business:
Do Entry Regulations Deter Entrepreneurship and Job creation? Evidence from Recent Reforms in Portugal. Economic Journal.
The Effect of Corporate Taxes on Investment and Entrepreneurship. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (3): 31 64.
Entrepreneurship in the EU and Beyond. Flash Eurobarometer 354, European commission, Brussels. http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/flash/fl 354 en. pdf. FAO (Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
Entrepreneurship and Firm Formation across Countries. In International Differences in Entrepreneurship, edited by Josh Lerner and Antoinette Schoar.
Chicago: University of chicago Press. Klapper, Leora, and Inessa Love. 2011. The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on New Firm Registration. 112 DOING BUSINESS 2015 Policy Research Working Paper 5493, World bank, WASHINGTON DC.
Bankruptcy Law and Entrepreneurship Development: A Real Options Perspective. Academy of Management Review 32 (1): 257 72.
Renascent Entrepreneurship. ERIM Report Series 17, Erasmus Research Institute of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam. Stiglitz, Joseph E.,Amartya Sen and Jean-paul Fitoussi. 2009.
KOREA INSTITUTE OF STARTUP & ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT (KISED) Hyo-Sang Kim KIM & CHANG Jennifer Min Sun Kim SOJONG PARTNERS Mike (Yeontaek) Kim
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