EIM Business and Policy Research, EIM Business & Policy Research, SMES and Entrepreneurship, Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs:
"Entrepreneurship, resistance to change and growth in small firms.""Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9 (1): 61-72.
a shift in many recipient research careers from academia to entrepreneurship; and demonstration effects which encourage entrepreneurship.
A similar commitment to increased funding for SME research can be found across the OECD, at regional, national,
paper accepted to be presented at the Babson conference on entrepreneurship. Clarysse, B. and M. Uytterhaegen, 1999, Inside the Black box of Innovation:
OECD. OECD, 1998, New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy, STI Review No. 22, OECD, Paris. WK1 35 OECD, 1998, Fostering Entrepreneurship, Paris:
innovation, innovation, entrepreneurship, business models 5 List of abbreviations used in the thesis ANT Actor-Networks Theory ASPEM Arena of SMES Performance Models HTSF High tech
Journal of International Entrepreneurship 2 (1 2), 155 177. Paper 2: Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2005.
Journal of International Entrepreneurship 3 (1), 53 70. Paper 3: Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2004.
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 2 (3), 270 280. Paper 5: Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2007.
I have benefited tremendously from his genuine understanding of the field of innovation and entrepreneurship. The discussions we had during the writing of the thesis expanded my knowledge in academic disciplines
Thomas Hedner, my dear friend and colleague at Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, has been very instrumental in both introducing
I start by conveying warm thanks to my colleagues at Innovation and Entrepreneurship/Sahlgrenska Academy
My deep thanks also go to my friends and colleagues at the Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Linköping University:
Special thanks go to all my friends at the editorial board of Annals of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for their contribution to the shaping of my science philosophy and my 10 understanding of the innovation and entrepreneurship disciplines.
My friends and colleagues at the Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at University of Gothenburg have also been very supportive.
and Sverker Alänge, at Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship. There are many other colleagues and friends who have contributed in various ways,
The importance of accounting for the firm's external environment in models and theories of entrepreneurship is evident (Covin and Slevin 1991, Cooper 1986, Bruno and Tyebjee 1982.
Typology Analysis of Performance Models of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMES) This paper was published in the Journal of International Entrepreneurship 2 (1 2), 155 177, Abouzeedan, A. and Busler
The resulting working paper was presented at The Third Biennial Mcgill Conference on International Entrepreneurship which took place in Montreal, Canada on September 13 16,2002.
The theme of that conference was International Entrepreneurship: Researching New Frontiers. We used the comments from the conference participants to further develop the paper.
After a final assessment of the paper, it was submitted to the Journal of International Entrepreneurship,
ASPEM as the New Topographic Analysis Tool for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMES) Performance Models Utilization This paper was published in the Journal of International Entrepreneurship 3 (1), 53
and published in the Journal of International Entrepreneurship in 2005. Summary of paper 2 A couple of models are used to evaluate the performance of SMES.
An Application in the Arab Countries This paper was published in the World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 2 (3), 270 280, Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2006.
In 2006, the resulting paper was published then in the World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development journal.
entrepreneurship, and economic output. The paper is a good example of a policy-oriented work, and was published in a special volume entitled Science, Technology and Sustainability in the middle East and North africa.
I joined the Innovation and Entrepreneurship unit at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Before that paper,
One of the co-authors of this paper, Head of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship unit, Professor Thomas Hedner, noted 79 that researchers needed to relate innovation to the degree of the openness of the innovation system itself.
In Irene Johansson (ed.),the Uddevalla Symposium 2002 Anthology (Research Reports 03:1), Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Regional Development and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital economy, University of Trollhättan
The environment for entrepreneurship. In C a. Kent, D. L. Sexton and K. H. Vesper (eds.
Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship, pp. 288 307. Englewood Cliffs, New jersey: Prentice hall. Bryman, A. 1988. Quantity and quality in social research.
In K. H. Vesper (ed.)Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Proceedings of the second Babson Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Babson college Wellesley, Massachusetts, 1-22.
Entrepreneurship and high technology. In D. L. Sexton and R. W. Smilor (eds. The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harper & Row. Cooper, J. R. 1998. A multidimensional approach to the adoption of innovation.
A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Theory of Entrepreneurship & Practice 18 (1), 7 25.
Cowen, S. S.,Middaugh II, J. K. and Mccarthy, K. 1984. Corporate life cycles and evolution of management, part II.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London, UK: Heinemann. Dutta, S.,Shekhar, S. and Wong, W. Y. 1994.
) Global entrepreneurship monitor: National entrepreneurship assessment United states of america. Kansas city, Missouri: Kauffman Centre for Entrepreneurial Leadership, 4. 112 Gentry, J. A.,Newbold, P. and Whitford, D. T. 1985.
Classifying bankrupt firms with funds flow components. Journal of Accounting Research. 23 (1), 146 160.
perceptions on entrepreneurship and openness. In L. Cassia, T. Minola, S. Paleari (eds. Entrepreneurship and Technological Change.
Edward-Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, UK, 73-95. Helms, M m. and Renfrow, T. W. 1994.
Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 28 (6), 575 607. Hofstadter, R. 1945. Social Darwinism in American thought, 1860 1915.
Entrepreneurship and firm boundaries: The theory of a firm. Journal of Management Studies 44 (7), 1213 1241.
Virtual instant global entrepreneurship. Journal of International Entrepreneurship 1 (1), 43 57. Kazanjian, R. K. 1988.
Relation of dominant problems to stages of growth in technologybased new ventures. Academy of Management Journal 31 (2), 257 279.
Entrepreneurship & management in the early stages of a firm's development, 3rd Edition. Luxemburg:
In G. E. Hills (ed.),Research at the Marketing/Entrepreneurship Interface. Marietta, Georgia: USASBE, 54 64.
Norrman, C. 2008) Entrepreneurship policy: Public support for technology-based ventures. Phd Dissertation. Linköping University, No. 1175 (ISBN 987-7393-923-2), Linköping, Sweden.
Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation in a global economy: Towards a more responsible and inclusive globalization. 2nd OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), 3 5 june, Istanbul.
Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, New jersey: Prentice hall, 307 313. Penrose, E t. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm.
Presented in The Uddevalla Symposium 2002, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Regional Development and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital economy.
Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 14 (1), 89 101. Rastogi, P. N. 2000. Sustaining enterprise competitiveness is human capital the answer?
A meta analysis. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 17 (3), 53 64. Scott, W. R. 2003.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (1), 125 148. Steinmetz, L. L. 1969. Critical stages of small business growth,
Journal of International Entrepreneurship 13 (2), 117 112. Whyte, W. F. 1951. Small groups and large organizations.
Personal traits of CEO, inter-firm networking and entrepreneurship in their firms: Investigating strategic SME network participants.
Journal of Development Entrepreneurship 10 (3), 271 284. Wincent, J.,Anokin, S. and Boter, H. 2009.
A canonical analysis of corporate entrepreneurship antecedents and impact on performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Management 46,71 75.
Only this act of entrepreneurship corresponds to the role and function of an entrepreneur. Schumpeter constructs his analysis in the economic environment
and includes similarities from other capitalisation themes, such as Innovation Systems or Entrepreneurship. It is structured according to the identified barriers faced by SMES to improve their innovation capacity.
(which can better be assessed under the theme‘Entrepreneurship) 'but including for example actions in favour of clusters that can impact both SMES and larger organisations.
the situation is reflected best by the results of the IUS (2011) in the categories‘Linkages & Entrepreneurship
projects such as Business to Nature which contributed to the endogenous development of European regions by promoting entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas building on local skills,
focussing on the main themes of promoting entrepreneurship and providing infrastructure for innovation to SMES.
'Some of these projects are analysed fully under the themes of Innovation Systems, Entrepreneurship, Creative Industries or E-government.
Entrepreneurship UNICREDS http://www. unicreds. eu/i ndex. html Enhancing the regional competences in strategic management of innovation policies Smart Specialisation strategies
GPS from this project are mentioned in sections 3. 2 and 3. 4. GPS from the entrepreneurship theme were categorized as follow:
dealing mostly with entrepreneurship, with innovation systems (mainly Science Parks or other infrastructures) or with specific industries such as energy, transport or ICT.
where all international services are available to stimulate international entrepreneurship and innovation PERIA43: o International Cooperation Visits o Foreign Trade Fairs It is very interesting to note the GPS that tackle the challenge differently, in such a way as IVEX or ICREO.
or a GP promoting networking opportunities from IPP (Entrepreneurs'day-Promoting Networking and Entrepreneurship). Other themes can also contribute to the innovation capacity of SMES, such as Entrepreneurship or Creative Industries.
Indeed, young SMES need to innovate in order to grow and to find new markets, and their innovation capacity should be included within the companies'Business plans.
as URBACT projects are grouped into nine areas of expertise including‘innovation and creativity'and‘human capital and entrepreneurship'.
energy and culture & creative industries. 63 http://urbact. eu/en/projects/human-capital-entrepreneurship/fin-urb-act/homepage/64 http://urbact
+3 were on the topic of science parks (including their impact on entrepreneurship), and 3 were clearly within the scope of the innovation capacity of SMES.
its main focus was on entrepreneurship, with the main aim being to identify and exchange Good Practices relating to the support and promotion of local entrepreneurship and innovative SMES among the partner Edge Cities.
This goal would be achieved through the creation of an‘innohub'in each city, drawing and building on the experience of the Lead Partner City (Nacka)
Start-up) were oriented clearly entrepreneurship, focused on university students, and therefore lie outside the scope of the present analysis. The other three (Operation, Growth, Collaboration) were related to the innovation capacity of SMES in general,
Ireland Meath County Enterprise Board, Navan 5 Bulgaria Regional Agency for Entrepreneurship and Innovations Varna (RAPIV
The project's most visible impact has been in the topic of entrepreneurship, due to the success of the Good Practice Summer Entrepreneur
experiences and tools for entrepreneurship, securing financing and offering tools for joint marketing by the SMES of all the European regions taking part in the project.
In practice, this means the promotion of entrepreneurship across the board. While successful companies will constitute the new specialisation of the country/region INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
But entrepreneurship in the knowledge economy recognises that value added is generated also outside sole ownership, in spillovers, in networks of complementarity and comparative advantage.
of policy areas (e g. industrial, innovation, education, energy, transport and entrepreneurship. Growing STI governance at regional level:
The Brainport region stands out in terms of international connectedness, collaboration and entrepreneurship, but also in terms of R&d and innovation performance as measured by patents and business R&d expenditure.
Entrepreneurship: Policy makers should take into account the entrepreneurial context of the sector when designing incentives. University and industry linkages:
and innovation and entrepreneurship policy instruments (e g. R&d Financing Programme, SPINNO Programme, International Co-operation Networks, Technology Competence Centre Programme, Innovation vouchers, Cluster Programme etc..
This would mean including actions such as to support service innovation, technology transfer, IPR acquisition and protection, entrepreneurship,
and priorities of the Development Strategy with regard to innovation and entrepreneurship (in line with RIS 3 Guide:
a) support for entrepreneurship of higher-education students and academics; b) common innovation bonds (new instrument encouraging to test ideas at early stage;
What is specific for smart specialisation is an emphasis on entrepreneurship policies, on cluster support, including the facilitation of bottom-up strategy processes, within the broader policy mix.
How do you assess the climate for entrepreneurship in your region? Is it easy in your region to pursue innovative business ideas?
innovation, Romanian SMES, performance, entrepreneurship I. RESEARCH ISSUES In order to create a general perspective on small and medium enterprises in Romania,
A review of its role to organisational performance and SMES operations sustainability Rangarirai Mbizi Lecturer Department of Entrepreneurship and Business Management Linet Hove Student of Entrepreneurship Arnold Thondhlana
The innovation process. http://www. innovationprocess. htm Accessed 18 september 2012 Beaver, G. & Prince, C. 2002, Innovation, entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the entrepreneurial venture, Journal
Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wiley, UK. Birchall, D.,Chanaron, J. &soderquist, K. 1996. Managing innovation in SMES, International Journal of Technology Management 12 (3): 291-305.
Unravelling the determinants and consequences of an innovation-supportive organizational culture, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25 (1): 59-76.
Entrepreneurship development, 2: 1 http://www. essentials-on-entrepreneurship. pdf. Accessed 25 october 2012 Ettlie, J. E. & Rubenstein, A. H. 1987, Firm size and product
Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic growth, Small Business Economics, August 13 (1): 27-55 World bank (2009. Innovative Firms or Innovative Owners?
and foster the culture of innovation and entrepreneurship at the State of Entrepreneurship Conference, February 9, 2012.
Entrepreneurship is considered a major driver of competitiveness as new companies in the form of small, young firms create most new jobs (Davis, Haltiwanger, Jarmin, Krizan, Miranda, & Sandusky, 2006).
n d.).Innovation has been studied in several forms in the entrepreneurship literature. For example, a firm's‘Entrepreneurial Orientation'suggests that a combination of three basic dimensions:
A. Innovation Early research has examined the important role of innovation within entrepreneurship (Schumpeter, 1947. Therefore, in order to measure innovation, several dimensions were included in a twelve-item Likert scale.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Report on High-Expectationentrepreneurship, London Business school/Mazars/Babson. 3 Bhide A. 2000.
Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 20 (4), 25-39.5 Covin, J, . & Slevin, D. 1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments.
Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, May, 507-528.11 Wiklund, J, . & Shepherd, D. 2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance:
Absorptive capacity is determined by entrepreneurship and firm-level attributes. This is studied in business management literature.
Entrepreneurship is seen widely as the most important determinant of absorptive capacity in SME's (Marins 2008.
Determinants of absorptive capacity Determinants include entrepreneurship and firm attributes. The importance of entrepreneurship was tested in a stepwise multiple regression analysis (table 11.
Based on the regression, entrepreneurship does indeed explain about 44%of the variation in absorptive capacity,
whereby only education (dummies) and the previous position (dummies) are significant indicators. As expected, higher educated have more absorptive capacity then lower educated.
The association designs new environmental-friendly production techniques, offers training and entrepreneurship development. The association houses an impressive amount of machines
but all universities increasingly pay attention to entrepreneurship and community services. At ISI, students can choose between more artistic and more commercial art studies.
whereas affirmative action for entrepreneurship development continued. However, the ease of doing business still allows room for improvement (World bank 2012.
implications for knowledge flows, entrepreneurship and innovation. Industry & Innovation 16 (1): 1-9. Asheim, BT, R. Boschma, P. Cooke, 2011.
Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: A historical review. Industrial and Corporate Change. Chaminade, C, . and J. Vang. 2008.
SMES, entrepreneurship and innovation. OECD publishing: Paris. Okamoto, Y, and S. Fredrik. 2003. Technology development in indonesia.
Entrepreneurship in regional innovation systems: A case study of the biotechnology industry in Shanhai. Copenhagen. Suharmoko, A. 2008.
www. kadin-indonesia. or. id,.Tambunan, T."Entrepreneurship Development in Indonesia"(Paper, www. kadin-indonesia. or. id, 2006.
Trends in Education and Training Outputs 2013 EGFSN July 2013 Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact 2011 Forfás July 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor July 2013 Annual Employment Survey Forfás July 2013 Ireland's Competitiveness Performance 2013 Forfás May 2013 Making
January 2013 A Review and Audit of Licenses Across Key Sectors of The irish Economy Forfás December 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
+OECD, Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2013, Table 2. 2. PAGE 39 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014 133.
OECD, Entrepreneurship at a Glance (Table 2. 2; Table 2. 6 percent; accessed April 4, 2014), www. oecd-ilibrary. org/sites/entrepreneur aag-2013-en/02/02/index. html. 177.
Firm investments, Linkages & entrepreneurship and Intellectual assets. Outputs cover the effects of firms'innovation activities in 2 innovation dimensions:
Denmark, United kingdom, Belgium and Sweden are top performers in Linkages and entrepreneurship; Denmark, Austria, Germany and Sweden reach top positions in Intellectual assets;
and business innovation cooperation as measured by Linkages & entrepreneurship. In both dimensions the best performing country (Denmark) is performing more than nine and seven times better than the least performing countries, Latvia and Romania respectively.
‘Linkages & entrepreneurship'includes 3 indicators measuring innovation capabilities by looking at SMES that innovate in-house
. 1. 2 Non-R&d innovation expenditures as%of turnover Eurostat (CIS) Eurostat (CIS) 2004,2006, 2008,2010 Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2. 1 SMES innovating in-house
The spread in performance is largest in Open, excellent and attractive research systems (5. 88%)and Linkages & entrepreneurship (5. 59%.
for Human resources between the Innovation leaders and followers and between the Moderate and Modest innovators, for Open, excellent and effective research systems and Linkages & entrepreneurship between the Innovation leaders and followers and for Intellectual assets between the Moderate
& entrepreneurship High (5. 59%)-Intellectual assets High (4. 82%)-Innovators High (4. 77%)-Economic effects Low (2. 19%)-Table 2:
Member States'performance in Firm investments 16 Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014 Linkages & entrepreneurship (Firm Activities) In the dimension Linkages & entrepreneurship the Innovation leaders and followers
Member States'performance in Linkages & entrepreneurship Intellectual assets (Firm Activities) In the dimension Intellectual assets the Innovation leaders are performing the best (Figure 10.
On the other 24 Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014 Growth in Linkages & entrepreneurship (1. 7%),Economic effects (1. 2%)and Innovators (0. 7%)has been positive but below average.
2. 1. 1 R&d expenditure in the business sector as%of GDP OECD, Eurostat OECD, Eurostat 2011 Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2. 3 Public-private co
0, 25 0, 61 0, 59 1, 66 0, 36 1, 27 0, 19 0, 40 Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2
1, 77 1, 06 0, 90 Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2. 1 SMES innovating in-house 31
, 9%-15,8%0, 3%-19,8%-10,6%Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2. 1 SMES innovating in-house-0, 1%-1, 1%-2, 2%-2
%-2, 8%9, 8%4, 1%0, 0%Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2. 1 SMES innovating in-house-0, 1%0, 6%5
AND SUPPORT FIRM INVESTMENTS LINKAGES & ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTELLECTUAL ASSETS INNOVATORS ECONOMIC EFFECTS EU 0, 583 0, 539 0, 558 0, 417 0, 550
online magazine (http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/magazine) covers issues related to SMES, innovation, entrepreneurship, the single market for goods, competitiveness and environmental protection, industrial
The Linkages & entrepreneurship dimension includes 3 indicators and measures entrepreneurial efforts and collaboration efforts among innovating firms
2008 Linkages & entrepreneurship 2. 2. 1 SMES innovating in-house as%of SMES 2. 2. 1 SMES innovating in-house as%of SMES Identical Eurostat 2004,
where long-term innovation has worked well with an effective‘triple helix'of private sector entrepreneurship, various forms of public sector backing and academic support.
whether you can teach entrepreneurship or are born you with it. How can an entrepreneurial spirit best be nurtured
Why Public Efforts to Boost Entrepreneurship and Venture capital Have failed--and What To do About It (pp. 59-60.
Risk and entrepreneurship Government policy could help in shaping the culture, specifically the attitudes to failure,
but rather the combination of a rewarding user experience and simple but highly effective design with novel business models. 32 The Development of U s. Policies Directed at Stimulating Innovation and Entrepreneurship David Audretsch and Taylor Aldridge, 2013,
Audretsch, D. and Aldridge, T. 2013), The development of US policies directed at stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship, forthcoming IPTS-JRC Report.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 9, No. 4, http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm?
Verheul, I.,Bosmaa, N.,van der Nol, F. and Wong, T. 2002), Determinants of entrepreneurship in the United states of america, in Audretsch, D.,Thurik, R.,Verheul,
I. and Wennekers, S.,(eds) Entrepreneurship: Determinants and Policy in a European-US Comparison, Kluwer, New york. Wadhwa, V. 2007a), Open doors wider for skilled immigrants, Bloomberg Businessweek, 3 january, http://www. businessweek
Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Fraumeni, B, . & Okubo, S. 2005). R&d in the National income and Product Accounts:
and will encourage entrepreneurship. Furthermore, elements that hinder the proper functioning of the Single Market such as difficulties in cross-border activity
and entrepreneurship is rewarded. The entrepreneurial spirit in the EU, with only 45%of people that would want to be self-employed,
business transfers and entrepreneurship programmes to encourage people to take the step to an own business. 2. Ensure that honest entrepreneurs who have faced bankruptcy quickly get a second chance.
and a single set of rules regarding a Common Consolidated Corporate Tax base should facilitate it in the future for SMES to trade cross-border. 4. Promotion of entrepreneurship,
1) encouraging the competitiveness of European enterprises,(2) supporting innovation and entrepreneurship activities,(3) providing access to finance and (4) promoting the increased use of renewable energies and energy efficiency.
The CIP is divided into three operational programmes. http://ec. europa. eu/cip/4. 1. 1 Entrepreneurship
and Innovation Programme (EIP) The Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme is of particular interest in your search for funding.
or can cooperate with other financial institutions. http://ec. europa. eu/cip/eip/index en. htm Under the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme,
Under the Convergence objective, it co-finances activities in the areas of research and technological development, innovation and entrepreneurship, information society and more. http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/funds/feder
and to boost entrepreneurship, innovation and share of experience. Funding is provided through participants (beneficiaries) in specific programs and projects.
and entrepreneurship and to achieve higher levels of employment right across Europe. Ireland is embracing a new chapter in its development;
Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of the Europe 2020 Strategy
This Strategy sets out a series of support structures that are necessary to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship such as knowledge transfer, technology transfer, investment forums,
Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
At a national level, to lobby for a review of all third level courses to consider the inclusion of specific teaching modules on entrepreneurship and open innovation;
and entrepreneurship in the Region 48 Strategy Implementation Chapter 06 6. 0 Introduction Many different types of collaboration and partnerships already exist right across the Research and Innovation spectrum in the Midwest Region,
and commitment to drive innovation and entrepreneurship in the Region. Stakeholder engagement has been the cornerstone of the preparation of this Strategy.
and existing business owners and also in raising awareness about those supports and increasing the profi le of entrepreneurship as a career path.
R&d system, finance and subsidies, corporate investments, relationships and entrepreneurship, intellectual property, innovators, economic impact.
Lack of entrepreneurship in the universities and research institutes, which can be caused by the sometimes contradictory and vague legislation and, in a sense, the over-regulated system.
and specialize, it mobilizes private sector capital for R&d investments32, a change of approach starts among the young Hungarian people about entrepreneurship,
and distributed digital ecosystems to foster grassroots social innovation and entrepreneurship. The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs
DSI should also create new specific instruments for social entrepreneurship. SUPPORT TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS & START-UPS Development and entrepreneurship programmes In public institutions there are examples such as the New york city Economic Development Agency
and in particular its entrepreneur programme34 Very similar to this is the example of Barcelona Activa, which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35.
INCUBATORS & ACCELERATORS Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases of the development of DSI.
They represent a novel contribution to advancing social entrepreneurship around the world helping young companies,
These indicators now include innovative entrepreneurship and innovation in firms, universities and public research institutes,
and carried out in co-operation with the Working Party on SMES and Entrepreneurship. It was prepared for the second OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for SMES held in Istanbul 3-5 june 2004
Information technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris. OECD (2001b), Broadband Infrastructure Deployment: the Role of Government Assistance, OECD, Paris. OECD (2001c), The Development of Broadband Access in OECD Countries, DSTI/ICCP/TISP (2001) 2/FINAL, OECD, Paris
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