Stimulating Entrepreneurship and new business start-ups The analysis demonstrates that the South East has the potential to increase the level of entrepreneurship and sustainable new business start-ups.
Initiatives will focus on entrepreneurship and management training, one stop shop/online knowledge base, awareness raising and micro-finance.
and Silver-technologies. 1 Including entrepreneurship, indigenous investment and foreign direct investment SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN FORFÁS Internationally trading services.
Forfás Annual Employment Survey 2010 Small firms and entrepreneurship There are 20,947 micro enterprises with less than 10 employees in the South East region and an additional 1,
EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN FORFÁS The GEM entrepreneurship survey found that the level of early stage entrepreneurship within the South East (in 2008) was compared relatively high to other regions in Ireland.
Overall, EI would view the level of entrepreneurship in the region as generally low. The level of HPSUS emerging from the South East is about half of
EI 8 The rate of early stage entrepreneurships is the highest in the South East across the regions,
10.7 percent, reflecting the highest rate of new firm entrepreneurship (6. 1 percent) combined with strong nascent rate8 (5. 1percent).
The region has the highest rate of early stage entrepreneurial activity among men, 15.5 percent (GEM Entrepreneurship in Ireland,
Entrepreneurship potential in the region rates comparatively well with other regions according to GEM research. However
and they aggressively seek new investments, both foreign (Greenfield and expansion) and indigenous, through new start-ups/entrepreneurship.
Carlow IT also has an EPP as a hub for entrepreneurship and training activities in the region.
Carlow is also a hub for entrepreneurship training activities such as the Enterprise Platform Programme that operate out of the hot-desk space at the incubation centre.
interactive group of agencies and bodies involved in the promotion and encouragement of enterprise and entrepreneurship in the South East region:
, Research Centres and the WIT Centre for Entrepreneurship. The Forum meets every quarter and one of its key achievements has been the establishment of a Spirit of Enterprise Week:
a week of intensive advice, inspiration and training to stimulate entrepreneurship and business growth, that includes a variety of events that are coordinated throughout the South East region. http://www. spiritofenterprise
Stimulating Entrepreneurship and new business start-ups The analysis demonstrates that the South East has the potential to increase the level of entrepreneurship and sustainable new business start-ups.
Initiatives will focus on entrepreneurship and management training, one stop shop/online knowledge base, awareness raising and microfinance68. 68 See individual submissions to DJEI from CEBS, Kilkenny, Waterford,
build on the progress achieved to date under the Fáilte Ireland operational plan for the region. 69 Including entrepreneurship,
as a new actor, social entrepreneurship proves to be more and more essential to promote this trend
and promote innovative social entrepreneurship. Also, we need to keep the quality of public services for citizens and entrepreneurs at a high level, in the light of the new environment
by seeking effective collaboration with semipublic bodies and private parties and by allowing space for renewal and entrepreneurship.
India and China. 6. For an interesting example of social innovation in Brazil, see Chapter 5 on social entrepreneurship and social innovation in SMES,
Entrepreneurship and Innovation, OECD,(2010). 21 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES Social innovation is distinct from economic innovation
social enterprises and social entrepreneurship; corporate social responsibility; community capacity building; study visits, events, international conferences,
wwwnesta. org. uk/assets/uploads/pdf/Policy briefing/innovation in response to social challenges policy briefing nesta. pdf OECD (2004) Entrepreneurship: A Catalyst for Urban Regeneration, Paris:
and Muller have gone way beyond traditional entrepreneurship: they could have provided sports classes to the elderly who could afford it
Increasing numbers of leading universities are offering programs in Social Entrepreneurship to train the next generation of Social Entrepreneurs
INSEAD Social Entrepreneurship Programme, http://executive. education. insead. edu/socialentrepreneurship 12. NYU Catherine B. Reynolds Program for Social Entrepreneurship, www. nyu. edu/reynolds 13.
Stanford Center for Social Innovation, http://csi. gsb. stanford. edu 45 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES CHAPTER 5. A METHOD THAT GOES BEYOND GOOD PRACTICES:
land of entrepreneurship and innovation. This programme combines solving social issues with strengthening economic competitiveness by encouraging innovation.
By investing in projects that promote education, research and entrepreneurship. Opportunities In the past, social and economic objectives were sometimes in direct conflict with each other.
Knowledge, entrepreneurship and innovation can make major contributions to solving these challenges. Until now economic and societal ambitions have too much been perceived as separate tracks.
talent, public and private research and innovative entrepreneurship. These factors also feature prominently on the European union's agenda.
and insufficient expertise regarding support of (social) entrepreneurship in the (semi) public sector. Insufficient cooperation and networking between stakeholders Innovation for social challenges clearly involves a wider set of stakeholders in the process of generation of ideas, application
regarding support of (social) entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship makes a valuable contribution to the growth of productivity and the power of innovation in The netherlands.
Entrepreneurs act as change agents and translate new discoveries and inventions into new products and services.
In public and semipublic sectors, too, like healthcare and education, innovative entrepreneurship is needed in order to ensure that economic and social objectives can be attained smartly and efficiently.
However, there are still impediments for innovative entrepreneurship in the public and semipublic sectors. The degree to which companies wish to innovate depends very much on the demand for innovation.
For example the role of government itself in public procurement acting as a launching customer may stimulate innovative entrepreneurship. 73 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES Strategies
fostering innovative entrepreneurship; seek new arrangements for cooperation; focus on the role of government in acting as a launching customer;
For instance one can think of clusters dedicated to social entrepreneurship (as it is being initiated for instance in the South of France) or social enterprise incubator.
Justin Craig is associate professor of family business and entrepreneurship at Bond University. Address correspondence to: Clay Dibrell, 200 Bexell Hall, College of Business, Oregon State university, Corvallis, OR 97331.
Culture and Ownership Structure do Matter, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 8 (1), 1 17. Hambrick, D c.,M. A. Gelekanycz,
An Empirical Comparison between Objective and Subjective Measures of the Product Innovation Domain of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice l5, 53 66.
Associations with Industry and Strategy Variables, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18 (2), 47 69. Zahra, S. A d. O. Neubaum,
Moreover, despite increasing efforts to facilitate entrepreneurship, especially for small companies, the procedures and time to start a business remain among the highest in the sample (130th and 139th,
affecting the conditions for entrepreneurship. Continuing its rise of the past several years, Peru climbs six positions in the rankings to reach 61st place.
and reducing the barriers to entrepreneurship, increase the flexibility of the labor markets (142nd), and ease access to financing by deepening the financial market could result in important efficiency gains that could boost Argentina's productivity.
Enterprise Estonia is a large institution within the national support system for entrepreneurship, providing financial assistance, advisory, cooperation opportunities and training for entrepreneurs, research establishments, public and third sector.
It defines the operational programme Entrepreneurship and Innovationsfunded by the European Regional Development Fund. This programme includes the funding priority area Science
and distributed digital ecosystems to foster grassroots social innovation and entrepreneurship. The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs
DSI should also create new specific instruments for social entrepreneurship. SUPPORT TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS & START-UPS Development and entrepreneurship programmes In public institutions there are examples such as the New york city Economic Development Agency
and in particular its entrepreneur programme34 Very similar to this is the example of Barcelona Activa, which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35.
INCUBATORS & ACCELERATORS Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases of the development of DSI.
They represent a novel contribution to advancing social entrepreneurship around the world helping young companies,
These indicators now include innovative entrepreneurship and innovation in firms, universities and public research institutes,
innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
and one to encourage entrepreneurship. On the contrary, these two policies are mutually reinforcing; without strong entrepreneurship, the strategy of smart specialisation will fail because of a deficit in the entrepreneurial knowledge needed to feed
and nurture this strategy. How: Setting in motion regional change Smart specialisation strategies will usually require some sort of structural change,
Entrepreneurship: Favourable conditions for equity investment, business angels and venture capitalists; business environment favourable to the creation of new SMES;
existence and coverage of training on entrepreneurship and creative problem-solving; autonomy and transparency of education and research organisations;
stimulation of entrepreneurship/management of risk and uncertainty; market formation; mobilisation of resources; and legitimation.
incubators Entrepreneurship stimulation packages Global talent attraction in targeted new sectors Promotion of participation of public and private actors in international technology networks Lobby national government
and competitiveness poles relevant for regional industry Entrepreneurship and spin-off support (business plans competitions, regional venture capital funds) Incentives for regionally-relevant public research Entrepreneurship support (networks of individuals, training courses,
and entrepreneurship culture promotion Supply-chain management initiatives to reduce fragmentation Innovation-oriented public procurement Redefinition of programmes for regional technical schools Innovation awareness-raising,
entrepreneurship promotion events Develop latent demand for innovation (innovation vouchers, placement of students in SMES) Orient polytechnics centres to new qualifications Training for low-skilled and unemployed
and Innovation Policy IRE-RIS Guide Directory No-nonsense to build S3 Diagnostic Systèmes d'Innovation (Praguer) Entrepreneurship and incubation Internationalisationcompetitive
Entrepreneurship is necessary to make sure that innovation ideas are turned into sustained growth and quality jobs.
facilitating innovation and promoting entrepreneurship. Cohesion Policy in fact provides the largest financial Community support to SMES through financial engineering instruments such as JEREMIE. 45 For the period 2014-2020,
supporting entrepreneurship spirit and enterprise creation and development; enhancing innovation support for existing SMES; building capacities in innovation agencies and SMES by spreading information on new tools to support innovation in SMES
o promote entrepreneurship including specific target groups, o improve access to finance for SMES in the form of equity and debt,
public services, e-education, e-inclusion, e-skills, entrepreneurship, digital literacy, econtent, creativity, culture, living labs, smart buildings and neighbourhoods, smart cities
'Promoting entrepreneurship, ''Developing new business models for SMES','Improving the urban environment','Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities,
the development and use of new information technologies (for example to promote the digitisation of cultural heritage), strengthening of entrepreneurship in CCIS,
Innovative financial instruments form part of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme (EIP), one of the three specific programmes under the CIP.
There is a risk of it being hampered by insufficient knowledge, limited support of grass roots, social enterprise and social entrepreneurship activities
Early December, the Commission proposed the Regulation on European Social Entrepreneurship Funds. 169 DG Enterprise has mobilised CIP funds for social innovation.
entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES, for instance by facilitating the diffusion and adoption of technologies, incl.
Similar activities to these were funded so far by the‘Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme'(EIP) as part of CIP.‘
innovation and entrepreneurship across different regions and value chains shall be promoted. The coordination and facilitation shall be led by cluster organisations and other intermediary organisations,
and explain the identified case studies. The management modules should focus on (1) Strategy dimension,(2) Entrepreneurship skills,(3) Resource needs,
In 2013, EU research has focused on growth, employment and competitiveness (intangibles, youth, public finances), sustainable development (lifestyles, social entrepreneurship, welfare state), major trends in society (social
(or regional) innovation system. 6 RTD is seen as part of chain R&d Innovation Entrepreneurship Market/Regional performance. 7 The general idea of a‘national system'which creates competitive advantages
2005) concentrate on the role entrepreneurship plays in triggering the emergence of high-tech agglomerations. In contrast to the development of territories such as the Silicon valley, Route 128 or the Research Triangle Park in North Caro-9 Wolter (2004) distinguishes two dominant explanations for clustering tendencies,
entrepreneurship is triggered by exogenous events. In the second phase, entrepreneurship, organisations and institutional arrangements co-evolve,
reinforcing themselves, while in the third stage both industry and cluster mature. Although this study can be criticised for glorifying
insofar as they link entrepreneurship to RTD in a regional context, thus drawing attention to an often neglected factor of regional R&d development.
Moreover, the authors point out a process of coevolvement as an important element of regional RTD development where‘entrepreneurship facilitates the realization of innovation as firms are formed to commercialize
'and‘that the role of‘proximity'in clusters needs to be interpreted with 12 Embeddedness is a concept widely used in entrepreneurship research.
and classifying regional development paths with an emphasis on RTD, innovation and entrepreneurship in a wider meaning.
and has not a real impact on economic development and local entrepreneurship. There is a need for a larger vision beyond competing only on the cost advantage (Saxenian 2002) or, in other words,
which has an additional impact on local entrepreneurship and innovation. In general, Boston's regional culture is characterised by technological awareness and optimism, a valuable basis for regional economic development.
Moreover, the several crisis situations Boston had to face throughout its history had an influence on the people's attitude towards entrepreneurship.‘
entrepreneurship and creativity that can be found in the local system, precisely thanks to that fabric of trust relations in which economic transactions are embedded.'(
and the hard competition and mistrust within the cluster are a stimulus for entrepreneurship and innovation(‘structural mistrust').
business support agencies) Dense business networks Good general support infrastructure for entrepreneurship‘Open region'High level of cooperation and interaction between actors Individual High
Planning and building the infrastructure for technological entrepreneurship. International Journal of Technology Management 7: 129-139.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 14,193-210. Andréosso-O'Callaghan, Bernadette (2000: Territory, research and technology lonkages-is the Shannon region a propitous local system of innovation?
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 12 (1), 69 87. Antonelli, C. 2000: Collective Knowledge Communication and Innovation:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 13 (4), 287 314. Bathelt, H. 2004: Toward a multidimensional conception of clusters:
'Entrepreneurship, underdevelopment and strong tradition in the periphery. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 16,439-458.69 Best, M. 2003:
Silicon valley and the resurgence of Route 128. Systems integration and regional innovation. In: J. H. Dunning (ed.:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 10,93-116. BIG Bremen Die Wirtschaftsförderer (2006: www. big-bremen. de.
Entrepreneurship in Cluster. The surgical instrument cluster of Tuttlingen, Germany. In: M. Fritsch and J. Schmude (eds.:
Entrepreneurship in the region. New york NY: Springer. International studies in entrepreneurship, pp. 143-169. Birley, S.,S. Cromie and A. Myers (1991:
Entrepreneurial Networks: Their Emergence in Ireland and Overseas. International Small Business Journal 9, 56-74.
Networking, Entrepreneurship and Microbusiness Behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 12,195-215. Cohen, W. M. and D. A. Levinthal (1990:
Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35,128-152. Colletis-Wahl, K. and B. Pecqueur (2001:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 12 (3), 217 244. Conti, S. 2005: A Systematic Perspective on Local Development.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 10 (1), 33-49. De Bruin, A. and J. De Bruin (2002:
Trust and Entrepreneurship: A West-East Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 255-271. Demartino, R.,D. Mchardy Reid,
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18,1-24. EC (2002: Regional Clusters in Europe. Observatory of European SMES 2002,3.
Networks in Entrepreneurship: The Case Of high-Technology Firms. Small Business Economics 21 (4), 409-422.
evidence from case studies. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 10 (2), 137-149. Fritsch, M. and R. Lukas (1999:
Network-based research in entrepreneurship: A critical review. Journal of Business Venturing 18,165-87 Hogni Kalso, H.,J. Vang and B. Asheim (2005:
Social networks, Resources and Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 103-109. Johannisson, B.,M. Ramirez-Pasillas and G. Karlsson (2002:
The embeddedness of inter-firm networks. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 14 (4), 297-315. Karlsson, C. and M. Andersson (2005:
Industry R&d and University R&d How are related they? Paper to the ERSA Conference 2005. econpapers. repec. org.
Entrepreneurship in Forschung und Lehre: Festschrift für Klaus Anderseck. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Koch, L.,T. Kautonen and M. Grünhagen (2006:
entrepreneurship and local economic development in Oxfordshire. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 17,449 476. Lazzeretti, L. and D. Storai (2001:
A multipopulation analysis of an Italian industrial district. The case of Prato evolution (1946-1993)( 1). Piccola impresa 14 (2), 21-38.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 15,1-26. Liao, J. and H. Welsch (2005: Roles of Social Capital in Venture Creation:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 7, 157-165. Maillat, D.,O. Crevoisier and B. Lecoq (1994:
Advances in Entrepreneurship, firm Emergence and Growth, volume 3. ORT: Jai, pp. 57-118. Malmberg, A. 1996:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 17 (5), 339-363. Nauwelaers, C. et al. 1999): ) SME Policy and the Regional Dimension of Innovation:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 16,459-479. Oinas, Päivi and E. Malecki (1999: Spatial Innovation Systems.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 11,187-202. Rizzoni, A. 1991: Technological innovation and small firms: a taxonomy, International Small Business Journal 9 (3), 31-42.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 17 (4), 267-291. Staber, U. 2001: Spatial proximity and firm survival in a declining industrial district:
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 18,185-205. Welter F.,U. Ammon and L. Trettin (2004: Netzwerke und Gründungen von Frauen.
Trust and Entrepreneurship: A West East Perspective, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 24-38. Welter, F. and D. Smallbone (2006:
Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 30 (4), 465-475. Welter, F. and L. Trettin (2005: The Spatial Embeddedness of Networks for Women Entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship in the Region. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 35-59 Welter, F.,U. Ammon and L. Trettin (2004:
Paper presented at the Interdisciplinary European Conference on Entrepreneurship Research (IECER), 22-24 february 2006, Regensburg.
Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 16 january 2004, pp. 5-19. Geenhuizen, van, M. 2004b. Virtual or Physical, or Something Else?
This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on Entrepreneurship and Development (Promoting Entrepreneurial Capacity),
The paper was presented at the UNUWIDER and UNU-MERIT Research Workshop on Entrepreneurship, Technological Innovation,
and UNU-MERIT workshop on‘Entrepreneurship, Technical Innovation, and Development, held 30 31 october 2008 in Maastricht, The netherlands and the anonymous referees, for their comments and suggestions.
/ME/Phd) is a significant feature of entrepreneurship of these SMES: 70 per cent entrepreneurs of auto, 69 per cent of electronics,
'The International Journal for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2 (3): 141 52.2005:‘‘Technological Innovations in Small Enterprises:
'The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2 (2): 111 18. Vonortas, N s, . and L. Xue (1997).‘
Innovation and growth of SMES Internal Factor (Firm Level competence)- Self-motivation-Technical education & entrepreneurship-Work experience-Innovative ideas External Factors (Market Pressure
Industry policy that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship...68 PART C: IMPLEMENTING OUR ECONOMIC ACTION STRATEGY...
and 4. industry policy that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship. This Agenda is an integral step along the path of economic growth and prosperity.
reining in inefficient public spending, reducing taxes, deregulating and improving competition, stimulating entrepreneurship, investing in infrastructure and giving research a greater commercial focus.
the Government understands the importance of encouraging entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and a flourishing start-up community promote job creation and productivity growth.
These types of businesses benefit the broader economy by testing new ideas, developing new products and implementing new business models.
entrepreneurship, investment and hard work is important to foster innovation in Australia. Likewise, much will be required of our workforce,
and industry policy that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship. The specific actions the Government will undertake through the Competitiveness Agenda are summarised below and detailed in Part B of this report.
financing, delivery and use. 4 INDUSTRY POLICY The Government is refocusing industry policy to drive innovation and entrepreneurship, not dependence on government handouts and protection.
Attracting the best and brightest to meet Australia's skill needs Highly skilled migrants contribute to a strong and vibrant economy, bringing know-how, innovation and entrepreneurship and also helping to plug short-term skills gaps.
INDUSTRY POLICY THAT FOSTERS INNOV ATION AND ENTREPRENEURS HIP The Government is refocusing industry policy to drive innovation and entrepreneurship,
to encourage greater entrepreneurship and so that good ideas can be commercialised in Australia. The Government will consult with industry on the appropriate regulatory approach for start-ups that seek to access crowd-sourced equity funding.
and 4. industry policy that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship. In developing reforms to promote these ambitions,
and entrepreneurship, facilitating the development of skills and capabilities in our people and businesses, reducing red tape and other business burdens,
Strengthening entrepreneurship and small business The Government is committed to encouraging entrepreneurship and creating the best possible conditions for small and large businesses to thrive.
Small businesses will gain proportionally greater benefits as they are particularly vulnerable to the deadening effects of excessive red tape and other impediments to entrepreneurship.
Ambition 1 35 The Government is committed to a better taxation system to promote innovation, entrepreneurship, investment and growth.
The know-how, innovation and entrepreneurship of highly skilled migrants can lift a country's productivity and competitiveness directly.
and focusing our research spending to stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship, improve competitiveness, and create new job opportunities for Australians.
they are supported by entrepreneurship and a flourishing start-up community (Decker et al, 2014). Indeed, many of the new jobs generated in OECD economies
To encourage entrepreneurship and small business growth the Government's changes will mean, under certain conditions,
nevertheless gain proportionally greater benefits given that they are particularly vulnerable to the deadening effects of excessive red tape and other impediments to entrepreneurship.
and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in our industries. The Government will hold a series of stakeholder roundtables on the Competitiveness Agenda, around the country, over the coming months.
that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship 13. Establishing Industry Growth Centres The Minister for Industry will consult with stakeholders on the implementation of Industry Growth Centres.
The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job creation and Economic Dynamism. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3-24.
and have increased the efforts in research, design, entrepreneurship and simplification. The Government will establish favourable conditions for increased innovation by advancing:
as well as by working to bring about a culture that encourages creativity and entrepreneurship in society. Creative undertakings that develop profitable innovations.
An innovative and sustainable Norway 7 Innovation and entrepreneurship are important forces in fostering resilient industrial activities throughout our country.
By concentrating on entrepreneurship in the education system we will strengthen future generations attitudes and knowledge of entrepreneurship.
and consider various strategies to strengthen this field Submit a white paper to the Storting considering the structure of the education system with a view to future competence needs Advance a mentality encouraging entrepreneurship, among other ways,
by presenting an action plan on entrepreneurship in education, with particular emphasis regarding higher education. Knowledge and competence 11 The establishment of regional research funds will ensure innovative activities throughout the country.
it is a core factor promoting development and growth in every sphere of life, in particular in the sphere of business and entrepreneurship.
orienting it more towards entrepreneurship. Harmonise vocational training system with innovations and technological change. Inadequate access to technological know-how Foster links between enterprises and research centres and laboratories.
Clausen, et Kamairah Ismail is the Director of Technology Entrepreneurship Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTMTEC), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia (phone:+
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 8 (1), 36-56.29 Lin, C. Y. Y,
'Innovation in SMES'funds additional activities intended to support entrepreneurship, internationalisation, and improving access to markets (through the COSME programme 4). Furthermore, this challenge supports the second EUREKA/Eurostars Joint Programme Initiative 5 (2014-2020),
Similar activities to these were funded so far by the‘Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme'(EIP) as part of CIP.‘
innovation and entrepreneurship across different regions and value chains shall be promoted. The coordination and facilitation shall be led by cluster organisations and other intermediary organisations,
and explain the identified case studies. The management modules should focus on (1) Strategy dimension,(2) Entrepreneurship skills,(3) Resource needs,
SECOND OECD CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY TOWARDS A MORE RESPONSIBLE AND INCLUSIVE GLOBALISATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE BACKGROUND REPORTS Second OECD Conference of Ministers responsible for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMES
) Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovative SMES in a Global economy Towards a More Responsible and Inclusive Globalisation Executive Summary of the Background Reports Istanbul,
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 3 Table of contents Preface...5 Introduction...
7 Entrepreneurship and SME Innovation...8 Tools for SME Innovation...17 SMES in the Global economy...
40 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 5 Preface At the first OECD Conference for Ministers Responsible for SMES, hosted by the Italian government in Bologna, Italy, in June 2000,
and sets out some policy messages and recommendations that have emerged from preparatory work in the OECD Working Party for SMES and Entrepreneurship.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 7 Introduction Ministers have the opportunity to assess priorities for SME policies The second OECD Conference for Ministers Responsible for SMES brings together 30 OECD countries
and more than 50 nonmember economies at Ministerial level to exchange views on Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovative SMES in a Global economy.
fostering entrepreneurship and facilitating the growth and prosperity of SMES once established. Still others relate to mobilising human resources
entrepreneurship, innovation and technology diffusion, information and communications technologies, and human capital. PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 8 OECD 2004 SMES, especially in developing economies,
to take best advantage of this process. This report summarises the background reports prepared for this conference.
Entrepreneurship and SME innovation. Tools for SME innovation. SMES in the global economy. Enhancing the role of SMES for development.
Entrepreneurship and SME Innovation Fostering entrepreneurship and firm creation Entrepreneurship and firm creation generate jobs,
especially PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 9 innovative firms once they establish themselves.
Governments have recognised increasingly the contribution that social entrepreneurship can make to reducing poverty and empowering disadvantaged groups.
Many countries operate specialised entrepreneurship schemes to assist target population groups. Such schemes need to be designed carefully
Policies should ensure a business environment conducive to entrepreneurship and enterprise creation. Creating a business environment conducive to entrepreneurship and enterprise creation in
which innovative young firms have scope to expand rapidly once they have established themselves requires a broad range of mutually reinforcing and supportive policies.
The PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 10 OECD 2004 way these structural policies affect enterprise creation and small businesses should be taken into account in their formulation stages.
Education and training (including lifelong training) in entrepreneurship and creativity are preferred the 2. World bank, Doing Business in 2004:
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 11 instruments for encouraging entrepreneurial behaviour in societies,
entrepreneurship is integrated not sufficiently into educational curricula or integrated into national long-term economic strategy and planning;
there is a need for a broader acceptance of the concept of education and training for entrepreneurship;
Entrepreneurship and SME policies also have an important local dimension. Indeed, facilitating increasing rates of enterprise creation is an almost universal concern for local authorities who seek to accelerate development or reverse decline in localities,
Many PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 12 OECD 2004 of these programmes and policies are designed
Integrate entrepreneurship at all levels of the formal education system and ensure access to information, skills and expertise relating to entrepreneurship via lifelong learning programmes for the adult population.
Promote the diffusion of training programmes by stimulating the private market's supply of such services and providing hands-on focused courses.
Integrate the local development dimension into the promotion of entrepreneurship. The roles of sub-national authorities in the promotion of entrepreneurship are of paramount importance
and should be defined and coordinated with central governments, as appropriate for each country. Ensure that programmes in support of SMES
and entrepreneurship are realistic in terms of cost and are designed to deliver measurable results. An evaluation culture should be developed to ensure that programmes are monitored systematically
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 13 and based on evidence to the degree that this is possible.
Fostering women's entrepreneurship Women's entrepreneurship is potentially an important source of growth Women's entrepreneurship has increasingly become recognised as an important source of employment and potential growth.
their entrepreneurship provides society with different, and often innovative, solutions to management and organisational problems as well as to the exploitation of new opportunities. but this source is untapped largely.
and their prospects for success. PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 14 OECD 2004 Figure 1. Female employers and own-account workers Percentage of total employers and own
Canadaindonesia Japan Korea Mexiconew Zealandphilippinesunited States Selected APEC economies, 1998 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 15 The empirical basis for informed policy design needs to be improved Reliable data
and analysis relating to women's entrepreneurship are scarce and provide little empirical basis for policy design.
which influence entrepreneurship. These relate to the political context, institutional framework, family policies market forces and the suitability of particular individuals,
Specific obstacles to greater entrepreneurship by women include inappropriate educational background, lack of role models, the gendering of entrepreneurship, weak social status,
competing demands on time notably associated with family responsibilities and limited access to finance. Progress can be made by removing obstacles to female participation in the labour force,
and entrepreneurial activities more PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 16 OECD 2004 specifically.
but do not stand out as having high levels of female entrepreneurship. However, family-friendly policies allow more flexibility to manage time
and entrepreneurship contribute more effectively to encouraging more equal opportunity between men and women, these should incorporate a women's dimension at the design stage.
Support for women's entrepreneurship should not be confined to government policies and programmes. Women entrepreneurs and associations representing them have much to teach each other.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 17 Tools for SME Innovation Financing for innovative SMES Access to risk capital is a major obstacle to SME expansion.
and promoting entrepreneurship generally will have benefits in terms of women's entrepreneurship. Listen to the voice of women entrepreneurs.
This can be done by ensuring that the impact on women's entrepreneurship is taken into account at the design stage.
These are major sources of knowledge about women's entrepreneurship and valuable tools for its development and promotion.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 18 OECD 2004 capital. First, the returns to innovative activities are highly uncertain and often skewed.
Addressing these problems requires finding ways to fuse entrepreneurship and finance. This involves ensuring the availability of entrepreneurial, technical and managerial expertise to the providers of finance and engaging investors actively in the development of the firm.
where difficulties PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 19 accessing finance are most acute (Figure 2). It should also be managed by the private sector
Start-up and early growth financing Buyout and others United Statescanadakoreaswedennetherlandsunited Kingdombelgiumfinlandeuropean Uniongermanyaustraliafrancenorwayirelandspaindenmarkswitzerlandnew Zealanditalypolandczech Republicportugalgreeceaustriahungaryjapanslovak Republic PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 21 Recognition and measurement of intangible assets should be improved.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 22 OECD 2004 and geographically concentrated clusters of innovative firms are another.
US GU 12.9 14.4 16.0 15.8 21.9 19.1 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 23 development, the regional attractors of knowledgeintensive foreign direct investment,
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 24 OECD 2004 Key policy recommendations Improve SMES access to information about networking opportunities.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 25 SMES in the Global economy Facilitating SMES'access to global markets Globalisation offers SMES opportunities The globalisation of business has drawn increasingly SMES
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 26 OECD 2004 In Europe exporting activity rises with firm size.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 27 across borders. This applies especially to access to information as regards tax
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 28 OECD 2004 business-to-business interaction and real-time communication can reduce information asymmetries between buyers and sellers and build closer relationships among trading partners.
and developing PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 29 technologies to encourage interoperability
) Greece United kingdom (2001) Mexico (1999) 2 50-249 250 and more 10 and more PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 31 Key policy recommendations Move beyond policies for basic connectivity
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 32 OECD 2004 Enhancing the Role of SMES for Development Transition
SME development strategy must be integrated into the broader national PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 33 development and poverty reduction strategy of transition and developing countries.
Middle income High income Income group Low income Middle income High income Income group SME sector (median values) Informal sector PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
linkages with PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 35 competitors who set new standards
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 36 OECD 2004 Governments in advanced economies should promote policy coherence and greater effectiveness of development assistance.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 37 Evaluation of SME Policies
Enterprise Investment Scheme) 2 590 Total 7 932 (as a per cent of GDP)( 0. 8) PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
and be seen to be more independent than the department PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 39 delivering the programme.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 40 OECD 2004 Towards More Systematic Statistical Measurement of SME Behaviour The empirical basis for SME policy formulation is poor.
A second recurrent theme in the preparatory work for the Istanbul Conference has been the poor empirical basis for informed policy making in the area of SMES and entrepreneurship.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 41 Available high-quality empirical analysis, notably crosscountry comparative studies and longitudinal studies
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 42 OECD 2004 It is desirable to contain costs at statistical agencies
Given these basic problems, it is perhaps unsurprising that detailed subsets of such data and analysis of them, for example women's entrepreneurship,
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