and Sociability of Actions We develop a model of consumer choices about product usage and content consumption in environments characterized by the introduction of product updates and sociability of actions.
environment where consumers have the possibility of enjoying the product individually or with a community of other users.
This is true in many consumption environments. For example, in video games, product updates are common and demand expertise from users to enjoy newly introduced content.
/15 dividuals explore the environment developed by programmers. The game was introduced originally in 2004 and became the best-selling PC game of 2005 and 2006 worldwide.
The game environment and related data are particularly suitable to the study of product usage for a number of reasons.
since players interact in the shared environment and individuals have the opportunity to join online communities to share experiences,
Alternatively, our model can quantify firm actions that specifically affect more experienced users-such as making it easier for expert players to advertise their group in the world environment
positive and negative, of the changed economic environment in Romania, for the development of small medium enterprises'.
environment factors (generally powerfully unstable) they act through numerous and diverse compromises. Maybe the most important are the ones who have a legislative order,
and the existence of a laboratory or a research team is exceptional in the SME environment (Santarelli and Sterlacchini, 1990;
Today, the view which is taken as a current guideline is that the most important way of supporting Romanian small and medium enterprises is to encourage the business environment and the general development of the economy.
In permanent economic changing environment, SMES are flexible and possess a greater adaptation capacity, favorite by reduced dimensions and rapid decision process.
Romanian companies must continually develop ways of operating through more sophisticated strategies aimed at increasing research and innovation capacity and functioning in a business environment to the highest level.
Creating a stimulating business environment for SME growth and their competitiveness is based on the national strategy
The increase of the small and medium businesses sector had a positive influence upon the businesses environment reducing the unemployment rate
In conclusion, the influence of innovation in the strategy of Romanian SMES development economic is mixed, both negative, by the superior concurrence, the increase of the turbulence of the businesses environment,
Knowledge permits firms to more accurately predict the nature and commercial potential of changes in the environment and the appropriateness of strategic and tactical actions (Cohen and Levinthal 1990.
Knowledge permits a firm to predict more accurately the nature and commercial potential of changes in the environment and the appropriateness of strategic and tactical actions (Cohen and Levinthal 1990.
Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (1), 75 87.
The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965.
Therefore, the analysis confirms that a sound institutional environment is a determining factor for enhancing the technological and economic competitiveness of a region.
if corruption is rife and public officials have developed close personal ties with the local business environment.
These results suggest a number of relevant implications for the definition of an ideal institutional environment for Smart Specialisation and subsequent public policy action.
and improving the business environment for SMES in Eastern europe through both financial and nonfinancial assistance (human capital
and the business environment in Romania. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54,33-70. Brunswicker, S. & van de Vrande, V. 2014.
The building of this unit will make the research environment a global leader. 25 REPORT ON JOINT EUA-REGIO/JRC SMART SPECIALISATION PLATFORM EXPERT WORKSHOP:
protecting the environment and promoting resource efficiency; and investing in education, skills and lifelong learning.
It looks at innovations in all sectors that are achieving high impact and productivity, particularly in relation to goals of better health education, employment or the environment,
The Stern Review estimated that climate change could cost between 5%and 15%of global per-capita consumption. iv The European commission's Directorate General for the Environment estimated that average annual damages from 2000 to 2200 would be €18
intellectual property and nurturing pro-innovation cultures. xiv The Group also suggested focusing action on specific areas including ehealth, energy and the environment.
which are seen also as challenging for example, healthcare, energy and the environment. This initiative shows that challenges are also opportunities.
The uneasy symbiosis of‘bees'and‘trees'This story of change emphasises the interaction between the innovators and the environment they are working in.
and continues to do so as the environment around it changes. Many promising innovations have foundered because critical elements were missing.
while Grameen bring their understanding of the local environment together with their extensive networks. The benefits are multiple:
such as the environment, health and care, where it is often ahead of business or government.
According to the organisers,‘this extraordinary project helped to change the waste department system as well as public perspectives on the environment and the possibilities for civic action.'
Hamburg and Florence. Choirs have voiced their concerns on issues as diverse as the environment, sexism, inequality, public 61 transport, the quality of social housing, debt, public corruption, incivility and the experiences
The fund has been created to forge a‘policy environment'within which innovations can‘thrive'.'10%of the fund is intended to directly finance not-for-profits, 5%for individual projects,
It was established to provide a creative environment for a wide range of staff to work together on some of the most pressing social challenges facing the local authority.
and develop new joint enterprises in a highly innovative environment. The Social Innovation Park will host more than 50 international companies and associations.
and Built Environment initiated in 2009 to improve productivity through environments designed to promote well-being. cv VINNOVA,
Helix a programme invested in establishing healthier work environments and ways of working, and Gigahertz Centrum a centre developing energy-efficient electronics and mobile communications. cvi Recently, VINNOVA, together with five other leading European innovation agencies-Enterprise Ireland (IE), FFG (AT), Senternovem
and policies. clxi A Young Foundation study of methods for measuring value in the built environment, identified nearly 30 in use,
which turn out to be problematic in fields such as health and the environment. It provides a framework for learning about what works over time.
Tom Downing, Claire Handley and Ruth Butterfield (2005), The Impacts and Costs of Climate Change, Brussels, European commission DG Environment.
http://ec. europa. eu/environment/climat/pdf/final report2. pdf Accessed on 11 december 2009. vi Kemfert, Claudia (2005."
http://www. guardian co uk/environment/2008/jun 26/climatechange. scienceofclimatechange. Accessed 11 december 2009. xxiunited Nations Environment Programme (2007) Silver lining to Climate Change-Green Jobs.
Available at: http://www. unep. org/Documents. Multilingual/Default. asp? Documentid=523&articleid=5717&l=en. Accessed 11 december 2009. xxii European commission (2005) Green paper on energy efficiency Doing more with Less, Luxembourg office for official publications of the European communities, p. 45 Available at:
, social connections and relationships, the environment, and (economic and/or physical) insecurity. cliv Hoegen, M. 2009) Statistics and the quality of life:
therefore spend time with them in their various physical and social environments. The primary method of the ethnographer is‘participant observation'.
and social environments. 15) Action research is designed a method to encourage reflective and collective problem formulation and problem solving.
Rather than merely detailing an environment in descriptive form, action research is geared normatively toward prescriptions emerging out of the data
Commanding attention In today's media-intensive environment one of the most valuable resources is attention.
environments can be revitalised, social needs can be met, and communities energised. One example is the work of‘activist architect',Teddy Cruz.
Image courtesy of Geoffrey Greene 2 38 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION spaces within a dense, urban neighbourhood into a liveable, workable environment.
and concept testing and moves testing out to the users'actual environment for a‘real-world'test.
or by facilitating adaptation to changing markets and environments. Complex, multidimensional needs are a key site for potential collaboration.
which cost about 3 per cent as much as home repairs generated four times as much value in terms of life satisfaction. 222) Methods within the built environment.
2006)‘ Mapping Value in the Built Urban Environment.''A Report to the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment.
London: CABE. 11. This example is discussed in Seddon, J. 2003) Freedom from Command and Control.‘
which whole environments are reshaped to support healthier living. Such top-down efforts succeed only to the extent that they mobilise the enthusiasm and commitment of thousands of practitioners.
The modern versions of the 1930s Peckham experiment to create holistic environments for healthier living are a good example,
and Bed Zed in the UK. 254) Designing and trialling platforms to trigger systemic innovation including peer-to-peer models such as the School of Everything and digital learning environments such as colleges in second life. 255) Comprehensive pilots,
from the environment to equality, has depended on recognition of its principles in law. New legislative and regulatory architectures can be the keys to unlocking systemic change
or environment and transport. 274) The creation of new investment flows can do the same,
The social entrepreneur in residence is tasked with shaping the environment of BEN PCT so that innovation becomes embedded
130 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION the Hub have created a very different kind of innovation environment:
and the right environment. It is this unique approach that distinguishes the CSI model and which forms the basis for the impact it has achieved. 285) Social business parks
In the 1980's it was instrumental in the establishment of the Finnish Ministry for the Environment whilst at the same time making important progress in the opening of international markets to Finnish enterprises. 288) Specialist innovation agencies such as the NHS
and in sustainable business sectors, including the environment, education, and healthcare. 460) Microcredit for microproduction. Grameen, BRAC and ASA in Bangladesh,
But it has played a critical role in fields including the environment and health usually leading ahead of government and business,
Social movements Social movements have been the source of major waves of social innovations over the past 40 years notably in food, the environment, healthcare,
energy resources and processes used to make the technology harmful to humans or the environment?
and implementation affects the business environment for all enterprises, but is of particular relevance in informing future policies for SMES.
Complexity of regulations Although today's regulatory environment seems to accommodate ebusiness satisfactorily at national level,
Economic failures are an intrinsic element in a fast-changing environment like the Internet. Small organisations are reluctant to invest in ICT rather than concentrating the investments in their core business. 2. THE DIGITAL SYSTEMS EVOLUTION
creating new organisms that (at least some of the time) will find ways to adapt to the new digital business environment.
The latter step in the adoption of Internet-based technologies for business, where the business services and the software components are supported by a pervasive software environment,
to distinguish it from the business ecosystems used for socioeconomic analysis. In general terms both a local business environment
In the biologic environment, genetic information, recorded in the DNA molecule, is the basis of all life.
In the economic environment, technological information, captured in books, blueprints, scientific journals, databases and the know-how of millions of individuals, is the ultimate source of all economic life. 15 Organizations,
seeing your business as part of a wider ecosystem and environment. Our traditional notions of vertical and horizontal integration fail us in the new world of cooperating communities.
The digital business ecosystem, is a digital environment populated by digital species which could be software components, applications, services, knowledge, business models, training modules, contractual frameworks, laws, These digital species,
a common support environment and a generic basic infrastructure, which includes basic services components, generic integrated solutions and infrastructure components.
services, solutions and components specialized for a specific sector (e g. agro-food, tourism, manufacturing) or transversal applications (e g. logistics) that use the services of the common support environment.
These networked instances forms the network of ecosystems instrument for networking the European enterprises and organizations in a business excellence network In the natural environment,
d i g i t a l ecosystem/network of local digital ecosystems Digital environment+services for agrifood in 3 innovation nodes ecosystems Global natural environment
forming a European digital business environment. This continuous exchange contributes to the ecosystems'continuous evolution.
The distributed, open-source basic infrastructure is the common ecosystem environment and is composed by: the infrastructure:
Human or digital users accessing to the digital business ecosystem will see a global ecosystem environment
The local development will be fostered by exploiting the integrated digital environment and by mobilising all local players including local authorities, innovation and research centres, universities, consumers and trade associations, NGOS.
It will constitute a global digital ecosystems environment able to continuously evolve aimed at fostering local economic growth through networked nodes of innovation.
The components the basic infrastructure The basic infrastructure of the common ecosystem environment is composed by the infrastructure network and by architectural modules,
for promoting a favourable environment for the creation of new jobs, to boost productivity, to modernise public services,
environment. The success of the implementation depends at local level from the consensus and the active participation of the local players:
or to make the huge effort to change to another environment. The risk to this dependence is one of the obstacles,
as the best environments for innovation are created at the intersections of the spheres. This is where creative synergies emerge
The institutional spheres are seen also as selection environments, and the institutional communications between them act as selection mechanisms,
which may generate new innovation environments and ensure thus the‘regeneration'of the system (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 2000;
Elements like generation and internalization of new skills and abilities required for integration into dynamic work environments, access to both information and knowledge,
1998) and are a key element for economic and social development in a national, regional or local innovation environment.
o Building an integrated environment for university technology transfer and entrepreneurship activities. When a university establishes a liaison
Sometimes, this involves inserting the new innovation mechanism into a broader institutional environment such as a national
Achieving consensus may make the difference between an environment with untapped resources and one that has put them to use to achieve economic and social development.
relations and resources and the creation of new institutional formats, under the influence of specific local or regional needs, features of the interacting Triple Helix spheres and of their environment.
are more dependent on the resources of their local environments. Therefore, creating the infrastructure for local knowledge creation
or dynamic, self-organizing business environments (Johannson et al. 2005), etc. Sectoral Innovation Systems (Breschi and Malerba, 1997;
or bottom-up initiatives that need a favourable environment 33 to reach fruition, but also require policy measures that better integrate innovation and entrepreneurship within the larger socioeconomic context,
Environment & Planning C: Government and Policy. In Press Etzkowitz, H.,Klofsten, M. 2005. The Innovating Region:
the ability of firms to adapt in their external environment and to remain competitive is closely The current issue
as well as on the complex web of interactions and on the institutional environment guiding and facilitating the actions and interactions of economic agents.
but are forced to seek for complementary information from their environment. The notion of absorptive capacity (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990;
what firmly amalgamates the innovative firm with its surrounding environment. In contrast with the transaction-cost theory (Williamson, 1985), the postulate underpinning the notion of absorptive capacity is that firms must possess adequate internal knowledge and capabilities,
The characteristics of the external environment of a firm affect, at least to some extent, the variety of potential external information sources screened
although the characteristics of the external environment can have an influence on the innovative behaviour of firms,
whether the identification of novel ideas by entrepreneurs is the result of systematic search and screening of their external environment (and, of course, within their firms),
and management entitled The birth and success of new firms in a changing environment in the year 2001.
SMES and Their Peripheral Innovation Environment: Reflections from a Finnish Case. European Planning Studies 20,547-582.
of graduates 18 months after graduation)( for bachelor graduates and master graduates) Reflects extent to which institution is‘in sync'with environment.
Impact indicators, referring to the contribution of research outcomes to society, culture, the environment and/or the economy.
A typical classification of mechanisms and channels for knowledge transfer between higher education and research institutions and other actors would include four main interaction channels for communication between higher education and research institutions and their environment:
and learning experience/environment. Some students would have preferred more questions about the social climate at the institution
an Institute for Water and Environment, an agricultural university, a School of Petroleum and Minerals, a military academy, several music academies and art schools, universities of applied sciences and a number of technical universities.
An additional factor is the technological environment for the surveys for instance a student survey is much more expensive
as less competitive markets, more regulatory requirements and fewer available sources of finance make the European operating environment for businesses comparatively less conducive for entrepreneurship.
With the right policy and legislative environment our sector will respond, supporting growth and creating jobs in the European economy.
the digital agenda and reforms to improve the overall enterprise environment. Labour and taxation policies are national, not EU competences.
-friendly customs environment for trading companies. Sustainability is not only a necessity for responsible decision-makers but also an opportunity for green growth and jobs.
Improvement of the financing environment for SMES could be achieved through the simplification of EU funding for SMES and a better borrowing environment for equity funding, credit and loans.
which analyses and discusses the managerial challenges of technological trends focusing on governance models, the transformation of work and collaboration as a consequence of the digitization of the work environment,
and exploit a company's identity and brand in a competitive digital environment. Part II frames the managerial challenges so that they can complement the IT manager's perspective,
Giuseppe Airoldi, all formerly at the Institute of Organization and Information systems at Bocconi University, who have created a rich and rigorous research environment where
a core component of the information infrastructure upon which our society is building its own open environment. 2 1 In the following we use data
due to the distributed nature of Big data and the unpredictable dynamics of the digital environment producing them.
Thus, it is worth to be considered the advice by Awargal and Weill 27 that due to the increasing volatility of business environment,
1. 1 Introduction 13 As a consequence, the competitive environment and the outer context both represent the main Big data sources,
COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT (Outer Context)( Services)( Data) DIGITAL ASSET Fig. 1. 5 A framework for managing digital asset 14 1 Big data Taking all the
we have discussed the business challenges of Big data as a core component of the information infrastructure upon which our society is building its own open environment.
The first component which is Windows Azure provides Windows based environment to enable users to run applications and store data in data centers.
or to be outsourced by a third party. 6. There might be an unnatural growth in the size of some department to cope with the new technology in the business environment.
The following are the possible weak components of the cloud environment: communication channel between the customer and the CSP;
in the work environment, and that affect its intention behind this transformation. Some examples of these factors are, organization climate,
the cloud computing environment is dedicated not to a single organization. This model used when organizations from the same community and with similar requirements share a cloud infrastructure,
and Kim 24, is about building cloud-based IT environments for Korean central governmental agencies (K-Cloud Centres)
This situation triggered the move to the cloud environment, in which the Korean government can obtain a number of benefits.
Third, it provides an environment that can respond to user requests promptly via an automatic provisioning process based on on-demand operation.
Careful analysis of the benefits, opportunities and risks are very important in the transformation to the cloud computing environment.
Alsouri S, Katzenbeisser S, Biedermann S (2011) Trustable outsourcing of business processes to cloud computing environments.
Lee H-O, Kim M (2013) Implementing cloud computing in the current IT environments of Korean government agencies.
or customize the applications according to the specific needs of the buyer Private enterprise application store These environments have restricted a access,
we refer the reader to the discussion on social sensing in Chap. 4. 10 Mobile devices designed to survive demanding environments, harsh conditions,
an exante marketing intelligence activity let the firms monitor external environment, identify potential threats, evaluate the impact
and their social environments 35. According to this perspective, social sensing is an intelligence activity acting on 78 4 Social Listening what Schuster et al. 34 term as the pervasive social context of an individual
and variegate environments, allowing to monitor and control the whole entrepreneurial market, keeping record of all the competitive activities related to new potential strategic opportunities. 4. 6 Case studies 83 According to 39,
in order to improve the benchmarking process. 84 4 Social Listening 4. 7 Summary This Chapter shows the main characteristics that marketing intelligence activities can assume in the current competitive environment,
and strategies that concern this trend as well as to understand its implications on the businesses. 5. 1 Introduction It is very common nowadays to see workers from different levels in different companies bring their own laptops to the work environment to use them to do
Consumerization can be defined as the trend for new technology innovations to begin first in the consumer market then to enter business environments.
A major driver of mobile device usage in the work environments has been the emergence of cloud computing. As mentioned before
to be used at the work environment; hence, it is difficult to apply the same security standards and policies on those personal devices.
and Adopt the User Perspective Today's employees are more technically capable to find their own ways to use their own devices in order for them to be more productive at work environment such as downloading,
Rethink User Computing Change Focus from Platform to User The traditional approaches and practices of users'profiles management are not suitable any more in nowadays work environments because of today's complex computing landscape
, a smartphone into the enterprise environment and uses it to obtain immediate access to corporate email and calendar, communication facilities,
which is desktop virtualization that separates the desktop environment and associated application software from the physical client device that is used to access it 5. 5. 3 Virtualization Strategy This strategy enables enterprises to quickly achieve business benefits gained from IT consumerization by moving the desktop and/or applications into a data center.
As a result, enterprise human resources departments are moving toward rich consumerization of IT environments to improve workplace satisfaction 16.5.7 Considerations Related to IT Consumerization The consumerization of IT is unrestricted not an strategy,
nor appropriate in all environments, because many devices are not secure enough. Also, legal considerations with regard to licensing, security,
Apps virtualization VDI Roaming environment Roaming environment Data synchronization Data synchronization VDI VDI Adapted from 16 5. 7 Considerations Related to IT Consumerization 105 Therefore,
shown in Table 5. 5 is an example of who is responsible for specific types of issues with different categories. 5. 8 Social Platforms Social media has a huge impact on not only the work environment,
and demand more freedom at work environment. They want to have instant access to the types of applications that would help them to be more communicative in their personal life.
social networking platforms are finding their way into businesses'environments. Such circumstances can be applied particularly to the case of young employees
This acquisition by Microsoft is a clear example of the importance of social networking within work environments.
and it is expected to integrate with its mainstream business applications 17.5.9 Case studies In this section we investigate some IT consumerization at work environments related case studies
starting to act in ways that allow them to seize the opportunities coming with them rather than blocking their usage at work environments.
In an ever changing business environment that brings new security and compliance challenges, IT must balance flexible user choice with secure, cost-effective management standards across the organization.
top risks and opportunities responding to the evolving threat environment. ENISA, Heraklion, pp 1 18 5. 10 Summary 109 8. Copeland R, Crespi N (2012) Analyzing consumerization should enterprise business context determine session policy?.
and collaborate in business environments. In business, the digital or IT collaboration is divided into electronic communication tools, electronic conferencing tools,
This Chapter will look in details into the origin of the digital collaboration, its importance for work environments and its types.
which represents the center of enhancing productivity at business environment. The objective of the continuous improvements of the collaboration technology is to allow people to share information as naturally as possible,
and electronic meeting rooms or group support systems 2. The development of the previous mentioned ISS aims to enhance collaboration at work environments
and cultural environments, which may also vary substantially. Another reason is about the different or even conflicting goals that the various stakeholders in global IS projects often have.
and integrated within the IT environment of the business. Moreover, modern EMS support both synchronous conferences,
and it applies to systems used outside the work environment or workplace. Software products such as email
Online communities have also become a way for work collaboration among team members at the work environments
Additionally, due to the fact that there are barely any face-to-face communications in the virtual community environment,
As a result, instead of focusing on simple and independent tasks, it would be possible to work on more complex jobs where people need to work together in a collaborative manner 22.6.5 Case studies In this section we investigate some digital collaboration at work environments related case studies,
and tools that are available to play the roles of collaboration applications at work environments or educational institutions.
and Chapters the technological trends that actually represent the digital market environment where businesses create,
This is what in the previous Chapter has been called the outer context of organization compared with the inner one focused on the infrastructure that should support the preservation and defence of a digital business environment.
and how it goes about its business (especially the way it relates to its stakeholders and the environment)''18, p. 1119.
The former is focused on the infrastructure that should support the preservation and defense of a digital business environment.
and apply frameworks to their work environment 1. Also, the increasing use of ICT in different facets of human life is leading to multidimensional and often unpredictable changes.
Research has shown that IAMS can increase user participation in innovation management processes in corporate environments 2. Taking the above issues into account
and apply IT governance frameworks to their work environment, despite the prefigured potential benefits for the performance and profitability aspects.
as mentioned before, has revealed eleven Critical Success Factors (CSFS) that should be considered for effective IT governance in this environment.
That is due, in particular, to the exposure of business's data and systems to external environment.
Thus, companies must be able to better understand the complex playing field of their competitive environment as well as to put together a reliable set of governance techniques that are shared simple,
emphasizing its central role in enabling companies to successfully manage the complexity of a new competitive environment 5, 6. However,
and managed and to increasingly pursue innovation in the adapting of their business model to the new economic environment rather than in innovating a product
This is true for any organization in any economic environment, but it has become particularly relevant for companies that today have to operate in the new digital economy,
the real source of competitive advantage is to be identified in the ability to build a business model fitting to the current economic and technological environment,
in reality are interrelated strongly and interdependent. 9. 3 Business model and Strategic Innovation In the current economic environment,
but it has transformed radically its business environment, adding music distribution to its activities. This transformation has resulted in the construction of new ongoing relations,
The evolution of the economic and technological environment has resulted in a substantial change in what was the traditional relationship between customer and company 3. The opening of markets, on the one hand,
Companies operating in a competitive market environment must create value for their customers, specifically, this value must be perceived by customers as being offered superior to that by competitors.
In an environment where users have at their disposal an extreme amount and variety of information that can be accessed anywhere and at any time,
and containing the costs of research and development have become inescapable imperatives for companies wishing to remain competitive in the current economic and technological environment.
This exchange of ideas and technologies from the outside to the inside of the company and from the inside to the outside environment must be enabled
multi-screen, multi-device computing environments. The core technology platform, called g-speak, enables applications to run across multiple screens and multiple devices.
setting savings goals, donating for charity and eventually shopping in a parent-controlled environment. Parents can completely customize their kids'platform experience according to their personal financial values.
The virtual environment is safe, secure and private and there can be no interference from external sources.
that coffee shop differentiation in modern times is happening in the digital environment. After the first success with the mobile payments enabled Loyalty Card,
As for the digital trends we have considered the business challenges of Big data as a core component of the information infrastructure upon which our society is building its own open environment.
The latter can be seen as the trend for new technology innovations to begin first in the consumer market then to enter business environments.
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