and services that are produced and meet the needs of consumers in the market and encompass the aggregate economic activities of the commercial and manufacturing sectors of an economy.
and institutes together with firms specializing in the production of ICT-related products and services. 9 Second,
These dynamics are exemplified by the economy's share of young fast-growing firms that fuel innovation, developing new goods or improving existing ones, services or processes (Veugelers, 2009.
and services that are produced and meet the needs of consumers in the market and encompass the aggregate economic activities of the all sectors of an economy.
of computers and peripheral equipment 263 Manufacture of communication equipment 264 Manufacture of consumer electronics 268 Manufacture of magnetic and optical media ICT services 4651 Wholesale of computers
Communications & Networks, Electronics & Computers, Information Services, Semiconductors, Software and Other IT. This data source was selected for EIPE
'The most common RIS3 priority areas in the EU are energy, health, information and communication technologies, food, advanced materials, services, tourism, sustainable innovation, advanced manufacturing systems,
The concept of smart specialisation builds on knowledge accumulated from different Commission services as regards innovation policy development and implementation:
and services living up to societal needs"(European parliament, 2013: 14-15). This concept of market creation is also important in the context of RIS3
. 7%Services 93 7. 1%Creative and cultural arts and entertainment 60 4. 6%Tourism, restaurants and recreation 51 3. 9%Transporting
74 5. 7%Transporting and storage 73 5. 6%Services 69 5. 3%Agriculture, forestry and fishing 65 5. 0%Creative and cultural arts and entertainment 52 4. 0%Construction 42 3. 2%Grand total 1 287 98.5
For example, ICT, services, creative industries, and agriculture, forestry and fishing are described most frequently as R&i capabilities,
56 4. 3%Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 55 4. 2%Human health activities (medical services) 47 3. 6%Machinery and equipment
%Human health activities (medical services) 71 5. 4%Energy distribution 46 3. 5%Power generation/renewable sources 43 3. 3
Most common R&i priorities in Europe Energy Information and communication technologies (ICT) Health food Advanced materials Services Tourism Sustainable innovation Advanced manufacturing systems Cultural
alone, they do not capture the many priorities in the areas of ICT, creative industries, tourism and services.
and possibly in activities relating to services. However, few regions specifically mention any of the other major sectors legal services, engineering or head offices in the text descriptions of their priorities.
Likewise, few regions mention priorities in retail trade, but some do mention transportation and construction.
Construction, real estate and related services are large sectors, but they do not correlate strongly with RIS3 priorities.
'17 services (to some extent) and‘civil engineering'.'After looking at the number of local units in absolute terms, growth in absolute terms and relative growth,
We found that there were some connections between the RIS3 priorities of food, services and advanced manufacturing and:‘
'‘services to buildings and landscape activities'(possibly; the‘manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment'.
there being overlaps in most sectors except for‘mining support services actions',‘mining of metal ores'and‘veterinary activities'.
'The main overlaps were found to be with services, sustainable innovation and ICT priorities. 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Growth in number
since patents are not highly relevant to some of the main priority areas, such as tourism, services,
The most common priority areas are energy, health, ICT, food, advanced materials, services, tourism, sustainable innovation, advanced manufacturing systems,
Categories and sub-categories for‘research and innovation capabilities'and‘business areas and target markets'Agriculture, forestry and fishing Agricultural services Crop and animal production, hunting and related
Power generation/renewable sources Human health and social work activities Human health activities (medical services) Residential care activities Social work activities without accommodation Information
public order, fire service and safety activities Services Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities Activities of head offices and management consultancy activities Advertising and market research Architectural
office support and other business support activities Rental and leasing activities Scientific research and development Security and investigation activities Services to buildings and landscape activities Travel agency, tour operator and other
tour operator and other reservation service and related activities Transporting and storage Air transport and related services Postal and courier activities Rail transport and related services Road transport
and related services 25 Warehousing and support activities for transportation (logistics storage) Water transport and related services Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation
or improved service processes New or improved service products (commodities or public services) Social innovation New organisational models and social relations that meet social needs New products or services
'The most common RIS3 priority areas in the EU are energy, health, information and communication technologies, food, advanced materials, services, tourism, sustainable innovation, advanced manufacturing systems,
given that practically all forms of economic activity rely on ICT products and services, thereby the ICT sector plays an important role in significantly improving the efficiency and productivity of other sectors,
four-digit breakdown) whose main activity is production and marketing of ICT products or services.
the processing industry on the one hand and the services industry on the other. Hereinafter, we shall respectively refer to these as the‘ICT industry'and‘ICT services'.
'According to a harmonised Statistical Classification of Economic activities in the European community (in Hungary: TEÁOR'08), we categorised available data as follows:
Manufacture of magnetic and optical media ICT Services: Section J (Information and communication) J. 58:
which divides the ICT sector into manufacturing and services, and as the sectors listed above are largely identical with the classification proposed therein,
We nevertheless endeavored to present the fullest possible picture of both the ICT industry and ICT services
inputs and significance for the national economy 8 ICT tools and services play an important role in building a digital single market,
ICT tools and services have a pivotal role in unlocking this potential. The survey highlights-among other things-the importance of establishing secure mobile
the role of online purchases in reducing costs and improving the quality of delivery of goods and services,
and services make a significant contribution to the economic growth of advanced economies. Its significance was highlighted both in the EU Lisbon Objectives and in the Europe 2020 Strategy,
ICT services contributed 3/4 of total ICT value added and employed 2/3 of the workforce.
while the EU's BERD/value added ratio of telecommunication services is no worse than that of the US,
the EU has a big backlog in IT services and software manufacturing (both compared to the US and South korea),
computer services and software manufacturing. As a further disadvantage, US companies were quicker to recognize the significance of Asia
nevertheless the sector itself very quickly returned to the path to recovery, partly due to the highly innovative nature of its companies and to the growth of some sub-sectors, e g. computer and mobile communication services.
nearly 3/4 of this performance being generated by ICT services. This growth was interrupted not even by the recession that began to unfold in 2008;
however, that this was made possible by ICT services, as in 2009 the gross value added of the ICT industry declined, however slightly.
In 2011 the share of ICT services marginally declined despite a nominal increase in their value added;
however, based on preliminary GDP figures for 2012, the performance of ICT services is on the rebound.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 ICT services ICT industry National Innovation Office RDI MIRROR
The ICT service sector's contribution to international trade is represented relatively well by statistical data published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office on communication services as well as IT and information services4.
however, that trade in services is accounted for somewhat differently compared to the logic we adopted so far.
The Hungarian Central Statistical Office's trade-in-services datapool classifies postal and courier services as communication services;
whereas computer services, news agency services, database services and online publishing are classed as IT and information services.
and information services is nearly twice as much as that of communication services; in addition to which the computer and information services sector also recorded a major trade surplus in contrast with communication services,
which is characterised by a relatively small but increasing trade deficit. 1. 6 Number and size of ICT businesses In the space of seven years,
the number of business enterprises in the ICT services sector has grown by 14.7, %however, the total number of business enterprises decreased.
The size of the ICT services sector can be illustrated by the total number of business enterprises5 making up the sector,
Balance of trade in ICT services (HUF bln) and their relative proportion within the import and export of services(%)in 2008-2011.
on technology and computer services (right axis) Balance of trade in communica? on services (right axis) Export of informa?
on technology and computer services (lek axis) Import of informa? on technology and computer services (lek axis) Export of communica?
on services (lek axis) Import of communica? on services (lek axis) 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010 ICT in total ICT services ICT industry National Innovation Office RDI MIRROR-1. Review on the ICT Sector However, the two subsectors that make up the ICT industry
are characterised by outright inverse dynamics: as the number of service provision business enterprises dynamically increased, the number of active businesses with a manufacturing profile has declined steadily since 2005.
Further investigation is needed to reveal the causes of this process. The relative proportion of companies providing ICT services is rising,
and it is now many times higher than the number of companies in the ICT industry.
Based on 2010 data and the standard national economic sector classification, the highest number of active businesses are engaged in the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles (139,546 out of a total
ICT services) came seventh in the ranking of various branches of the national economy according to the number of active businesses involved (34,371 companies in total.
While in 2003 the ICT services sector (i e. the Information and Communication Technology branch of the national economy) still ranked only 9th,
ICT industry) Administrative and support service activities Other services ICT services ICT industry Hotel accomodation
and hospitality Other sectors in total If we look at ICT services sector companies in terms of size,
while the rate is only 2. 4%in ICT services. Small and medium-sized businesses represent a higher proportion of all businesses in the ICT industry,
Although the number of companies in ICT services is over twenty times higher than in ICT manufacturing,
while the ICT services 91,800 people. The ICT industry was hit particularly hard by the downturn,
but in 2011 the size of its workforce exceeded 2008 levels, in contrast with the ICT services sector,
. 34%10-49 empl. 2%50-249 empl. 0. 3%more than 250 empl. 0. 1%Other 2. 3%ICT services 1
%Other 2. 3%ICT services Such growth was driven largely by foreign businesses with an IT profile deciding to settle down in Hungary. 1. 8 International outlook In terms of the percentage rate of its population
investment and cost In 2010 8. 7%of the total national R&d expenditure was spent in ICT industry and services,
Despite their significant research and development potential and performance, both the ICT industry and ICT services have a relatively modest (even though growing) share of R&d investments9 and R&d costs10.
R&d performance of the ICT sector 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 ICT industry ICT services number of research
For example, R&d expenditure in ICT services increased by 2. 5 times at nominal value (from HUF 5. 5 billion to HUF 13.6 billion.
split roughly evenly between the ICT industry (4. 4%)and ICT services (4. 3%).The ICT sector's R&d expenditure is higher than the same indicator-for example-of either automotive or machine manufacturing,
. 3%2. 3%1. 7%4. 6%33.7%Professional, scientific and technical activities Education Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles ICT services
%Professional, scientific and technical activities Education Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles ICT services All other sectors of the national economy Manufacture of pharmaceutical products
Capital expenditure in ICT services is dominated by professional and technical activities and education, and the 4%share of ICT services is by no means outstanding.
Nevertheless, both professional and technical activities-which in terms of sectoral Figure 17: Distribution of R&d investments by sectors of the national economy (with a separate detailed breakdown for the manufacturing industry) in 2010;
. 7%2. 8%2%8. 7%Professional, scientific and technical activities Education Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles ICT services All other
activities Education Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles ICT services All other sectors of the national economy Manufacture of pharmaceutical products Manufacture of motor vehicles ICT
%Professional, scientific and technical activities Education Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles ICT services All other sectors of the national economy Manufacture of pharmaceutical products
%Professional, scientific and technical activities Education Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles ICT services All other sectors of the national economy Manufacture of pharmaceutical products
and so also to a small extent with the ICT industry and services. The distribution of R&d costs within the manufacturing industry is different from the distribution of R&d investment:
From R&d costs incurred on services, professional and technical activities and education have the biggest share.
even though ICT services as such do not weight significantly in this area either (4. 5%).2. 3 Number of people employed in R&d The number of researchers
with the most spectacular growth taking place in the ICT services sector. The number of researchers and developers12 increased nearly threefold in the business sector during the period between 2000-2010,
with the most spectacular growth occurring within ICT, particularly its services subsector: starting from 2005 we could see a slow, then from 2007 an explosive rate of growth.
In the ICT services sector there were four times as many researchers and developers employed 23 Objectives of R&d activity The RDI survey carried out by the National Innovation Office RDI Observatory also examined
The most dynamic increase in R&d employment took place in the ICT services sector compared to other branches of the national economy,
so by 2008 the ICT services sector was ahead even of the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the number of people employed in research,
ICT services employ more researchers and developers than either the pharmaceutical or the automotive industry. 2. 4 Regional distribution of ICT research and development personnel By far the highest number of researchers is employed in Central Hungary,
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 capita R&d personnel in the ICT services sector R&d personnel in the ICT industry R&d personnel in all other sectors
repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles ICT services Human health services Manufacturing industry (excl. pharma and ICT industry) Professional, scientific activities 2008 Rate of growth for 2010
82.8 The dominance of Central Hungary within the ICT services sector has become less pronounced from 2008 to 2010 in terms of the number of people employed in research and development,
The number of research and development professionals employed (FTE) per 1, 000 capita of the population (columns) and within that the ratio of R&d personnel in the ICT services sector (marked in red in the pie chart) in the context of Visegrad
The ICT services sector is the most innovative of all service sectors From all the sectors covered by the survey
whereas ICT services are the most innovative of all services sectors It is a key issue for companies,
to adapt and develop their products and services accordingly, and to what extent they are prepared to renew themselves
repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Wholesale trade (excl. vehicles, motorcycles) Water supply Financial and insurance activities Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply ICT services Services
%whereas increase in the relative proportion of innovative companies within the services sector is explained by a growing number of companies engaged only in organisational
vehicles, motorcycles) Water supply Financial and insurance activities Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply ICT services Services Share of innovative enterprises engaged in product
The EU attributes a vital role to ICT tools and services, as it is with their help that we can create a digital internal market that could bring numerous potential growth opportunities for the region.
A good example of the above is that a significant part of the rapid productivity improvement in the Hungarian domestic economy (nearly sixth of it) is attributable to ICT products and services.
The macroeconomic significance of the ICT sector is demonstrated also by the fact that more than 25%of Hungarian manufacturing industry exports are generated by products of the ICT industry, with ICT services playing also a significant role in the trade of services.
The ICT industry and ICT services-both distinguished by a balance of trade surplus-have both been making a significant contribution to maintaining the country's external balance.
we find that the ICT industry and ICT services both present significant R&d potential also with regard to research units with a strong increase in the number of ICT research units between 2008-2010,
The size of the research and development personnel nearly trebled in the business sector in the period between 2000-2011, with the most spectacular growth taking place in the ICT services sector.
while ICT services are at the top of the innovation league table within all service sectors in the Hungarian economy.
Balance of trade in ICT services (HUF bln) and their relative proportion within the import and export of services(%)in 2008-2011.
The number of research and development professionals employed (FTE) per 1, 000 capita of the population (columns) and within that the ratio of R&d personnel in the ICT services sector (marked in red in the pie chart) in the context of Visegrad
and promote networking between RDI players u provide innovation management services u boost the innovation activity of SMES To promote these objectives, NIH works in close cooperation with other government agencies, ministries, bureaus, the Hungarian
's services: u generic and specific sectoral RDI analyses and statistics u quality data sources informing analysis u information on public funded RDI projects u
developing a new product (production of new kinds of consumer goods and services), introduction of a new production process (or transportation method), entering into a new market,
and information and communication services) are below the national average in this respect. 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1050 million HUF per researcher Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal
and other nonmetallic mineral products Manufacture of basic metals and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Human health services Manufacture of machinery and equipment n e c.
RDI strategic analysis and planning provides innovation management services operates the Kaleidoszkóp system, a comprehensive register of domestic RDI actors is involved in the development
promote networking within the RDI sector assist facts-based decision-making assist national and international statistical activity provides solid foundations for RDI strategy-making Kaleidoszkóp's services:
as well as fixed and mobile wireless services. In assessing the current status, it is important to distinguish between the coverage or deployment of each technology,
Cable tends to enjoy low unit costs in providing broadband services at whatever speed. This puts pressure on incumbents to innovate,
the most common technology for providing consumer broadband services over copper telephone lines ARPU Average Revenue per User BW Bandwidth;
3 while current consumer incremental willingness to pay for high bandwidth services is estimated at a mere € 5 per month4 too little to support so broad a deployment of fibre.
and providers of Internet applications, services and content benefit by selling services to consumers or by selling advertising to a wide range of firms.
and by 10%in the services sector. Thompson and Garbacz21 found that an increase in broadband penetration produces macroeconomic benefits.
as well as fixed and mobile wireless services. In assessing the current status, it is important to distinguish between the coverage or deployment of each technology,
modern Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) cable solutions are capable of simultaneously carrying voice, data and video services.
and on the capabilities of deployed services for different kinds of conventional and ultra-fast broadband.
and topology The traditional cable TV network was optimised to deliver one-way analogue broadcast TV services to cable network subscribers.
The architecture and topology of a modern cable network that is able to offer triple play services is different in fundamental ways.
facilities for the provision of television, IP and telephony services; and supraregional, regional and local physical infrastructures.
and servers for providing a range of services. 60 Where there are multiple headends, they are linked typically via supraregional backbones based on fibre optics.
even though a migration from today's traffic patterns towards more bandwidth hungry video based services and applications can be expected.
Figure 22 makes clear that the frequency spectrum allocated to upstream services (from 5 to 65 MHZ) is usually much smaller than the spectrum allocated to downstream services (from 80 to 862 MHZ.
The available downstream frequency spectrum is allocated to the following services: FM radio services, analogue TV channels, digital TV channels and Vod services, Euro DOCSIS (and Euro Packet Cable) services.
A major revision to the frequency allocation plan would entail significant disruption, but it has been under discussion for some time,
Indeed, in the digital world, operators typically support 30 to 35 analogue services, hundreds of standard definition TV services,
and tens of high definition services. Not usable Signal. Pilot Tonesfm Analogue TV Digital TV+Vod Eurodocsis and Europacketcable Eurodocsis and Europacketcable UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM 5 65 80.6 108 862 87 MHZ
or libraries) to electronic communication services rather than universal service in the home; however, we do not believe that Europeans would
Cable tends to enjoy low unit costs in providing broadband services at whatever speed. This puts pressure on incumbents to innovate,
Cable tends to enjoy low unit costs in providing broadband services at whatever speed. This puts pressure on incumbents to innovate,
but also the effective support structures (e g. helpdesk services) needed to implement smoothly all the necessary learning technologies.
and communication technologies (ICTS) have great potential to improve health in both developed and developing countries by enhancing access to health information and making health services more efficient;
they can also contribute to improving the quality of services and reducing their cost. Patient information systems, for example, have the ability to track individual health problems and treatment over time, giving insight into optimal diagnosis and treatment of the individual as well as improving the delivery of services.
This is particularly useful for chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and for maternal and child health services where a record of health and treatment over a period of time is required.
Analysis of data in patient information systems can lead to new insight and understanding of health and disease
'given that many patients receive services from separate facilities and care providers, some form of electronic record system could compile these data
Australian National ehealth Interoperability Maturity Model Individual health information must follow the patient as s/he receive services from various providers.
shared understanding of data services or internal processes as well as initial governance established to ensure repetition of earlier successes. Defined:
An organization has defined a set of guidelines for the adoption of ehealth standards for data, services and processes,
Benefits included increase in immunization rates, improved data collection, increased staff productivity, increased visitor satisfaction with services, improved communication, quality of care, access
Another area of demonstrated improvement is increased in the coverage of preventive care services such as influenza vaccination,
'i e. to measure quality of services and outcomes and use this to introduce changes. 2. 4 mhealth The use of mobile technologies for data collection about individuals
and interactive information services are a part of a growing area of ehealth called mhealth. The GOE published a volume on this subject in 2011 (25) which documents the uptake of mhealth worldwide by types of initiatives and main barriers to scale.
It is at this level that local facilities are monitored closely and improvements in the delivery of services suggested.
Across the Atlantic, the United states has put in place significant financial incentives for health services to adopt electronic patient records.
Some mhealth initiatives which have been adopted at higher rates than others are health call centres and emergency call services.
training and tools to improve monitoring and evaluation of health services. It provides a framework
In health they can also refer to procedures for collecting information, providing services, or working with development partners.
and implementation of ehealth services including patient information systems. It calls on governments to form national ehealth bodies to provide guidance in policy and strategy, data security, legal and ethical issues, interoperability, cultural and linguistic issues,
and request input from WHO offices to assist with the more detailed elements of strategy development and ehealth services planning including advice on patient information systems.
Electronic health information systems have been shown to be effective at improving the quality and efficiency of health services.
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