and combines infrastructure projects with support for innovative services and open access. 4. Innovative fi nancing models:
and provide services, in both the private and the public sector. Increasingly this process of combination involves consumers as participants or even instigators of this process.
Traditional concepts of innovation, for example from the OECD Oslo manual, defi ne innovation as new or improved products, services, processes,
and active citizenship, providing services for underprivileged and marginalised groups, with a strong focus on health and education.
and delivering new services that improve the quality of life of individuals and communities. It tends to be:
This must be extended to innovation, with EU regulations for products, services, public procurement and intellectual property-that both drive innovation and are synchronised with the innovation cycle.
and empower citizens to co-create new services. This would support the transformation of the public sector by allowing greater public accountability
Procure solutions and services, not technologies; Open up procurement markets for new entrants, e g. by removing the requirements for track record;
and services that will be decisive to the upturn not if, but when it comes. 7 Infrastructures help facilitiate the transformation.
but important to recognise that the value comes from the services that come from it
it will enable next generation internet, radical new services and business models. It will transform how people work
Stimulate infrastructure for emerging technologies and services, with more world class hubs in Europe that are based on multi-disciplinarity,
it will be possible to establish clusters of patents which are increasingly necessary for large companies as well as SMES to develop innovative products and services.
but also about identifying new problems and new solutions where future products, services and ways of working create value.
and bring experience of design, banking, manufacturing, services, high tech and low tech with experience from many countries.
-include expertise from a range of sectors, e g. services, manufacturing, technology based, fi nance and be able to bring an international perspective.
, new business models, new services, and new marketing techniques. From an economist's perspective, one needs to diff erentiate the idea (invention) from the economically viable outcome (innovation.
Radical innovations include scientifi c and technological breakthroughs that change the nature of products or services
In contrast, incremental innovations involve minor changes to existing products or services and knowledge. Still, these innovations should cumulatively improve the performance of these products or services,
and thereby provide benefi ts to society. Public policy may also focus upon stimulating complex innovation processes,
and synchronization of services and hardware in public services. Perhaps one can say that our view is that public policy can contribute to open processes in society. 11 This does not mean that public policy sets all the agendas
and at least another one out of four is associated in services that depend on industry as supplier or client.
and demand for customised products and services and more environmentally-friendly products. The concept of innovation is also developing
and generating new processes, products and services. Europe 2020 Job creation and poverty reduction More efficient investment in researchand innovation Promoting a lowcarbon economy and competitiveindustry 1. Framework 12 Within this framework, Innovation Union, one of the seven
as in all other developed countries, is more than ever before closely interrelated with production services.
Creative and cultural industries and key services for Catalonia, such as tourism and sport. 2. Structure 29 2. 3. 3. Crosscutting Enabling Technologies (Pillar 3) Crosscutting enabling
ETPS provide external consultancy services and social connection. For its part, the objective of the Connect-EU network of groups is to safeguard the research
and few platforms for technological services situated between research and industry. In this area of activity, it is necessary to review the current map of infrastructure
in order to provide the best services to stakeholders and support for processes involving valorisation and know-how transfer to companies, and industrialisation.
Support for university groups focuses on marketing their technological services and the results of their research, with the goal of promoting the third and fourth university missions,
This type of infrastructure provides services to the industrial fabric at the pre-marketing stage (to obtain prototypes
and services for research and innovation to enable participation in European networks, which are becoming ever more integrated.
and services with high added value that represent a substantial technological challenge and are unlikely to be completed exclusively in the private sector due to the high technology risk associated.
services and management models in order to improve effectiveness, efficiency and the positive perceptions of users. Innovative public procurement is an administrative action
It also enables the services provided to citizens to be improved (especially in the fields of health education
P. 1. 1. Smart Cities, Smart Regions The rapid development of the information and communication technologies makes it possible to manage cities and services for citizens in a more efficient and sustainable way
and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value
Open government also implies making public information more freely available to facilitate decision-making and the generation of new products and services.
It is also essential to develop connections amongst start-ups and between these new companies and knowledge centres, more firmly established businesses and specialist services.
and Policies 49 the density and connectivity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and facilitating the establishment and improvement of specialised stakeholders (business angels and risk capital, consulting, technical and technological mediation services, legal advice, companies
-Technical and financial support for research and development, pilot tests and dissemination and marketing of sustainable technologies, products and services (for example, technologies to improve water, energy and waste management,
-Support for regulations and standards that incentivise eco-innovative products, services and technologies. For example, through the application of best available technologies and the EU's REACH Regulations.
-Introduction of innovative and sustainable public procurement programmes and systems for ecolabelling and certifying products and services.
and services (tax reductions, vouchers and programmes to increase consumers'knowledge and awareness about ecoinnovative products and services,
and at least another one out of four is associated in services that depend on industry as supplier or client.
and demand for customised products and services and more environmentally-friendly products. The concept of innovation is also developing
and generating new processes, products and services. Europe 2020 Job creation and poverty reduction More efficient investment in researchand innovation Promoting a lowcarbon economy and competitiveindustry 1. Framework 12 Within this framework, Innovation Union, one of the seven
as in all other developed countries, is more than ever before closely interrelated with production services.
Creative and cultural industries and key services for Catalonia, such as tourism and sport. 2. Structure 29 2. 3. 3. Crosscutting Enabling Technologies (Pillar 3) Crosscutting enabling
ETPS provide external consultancy services and social connection. For its part, the objective of the Connect-EU network of groups is to safeguard the research
and few platforms for technological services situated between research and industry. In this area of activity, it is necessary to review the current map of infrastructure
in order to provide the best services to stakeholders and support for processes involving valorisation and know-how transfer to companies, and industrialisation.
Support for university groups focuses on marketing their technological services and the results of their research, with the goal of promoting the third and fourth university missions,
This type of infrastructure provides services to the industrial fabric at the pre-marketing stage (to obtain prototypes
and services for research and innovation to enable participation in European networks, which are becoming ever more integrated.
and services with high added value that represent a substantial technological challenge and are unlikely to be completed exclusively in the private sector due to the high technology risk associated.
services and management models in order to improve effectiveness, efficiency and the positive perceptions of users. Innovative public procurement is an administrative action
It also enables the services provided to citizens to be improved (especially in the fields of health education
P. 1. 1. Smart Cities, Smart Regions The rapid development of the information and communication technologies makes it possible to manage cities and services for citizens in a more efficient and sustainable way
and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value
Open government also implies making public information more freely available to facilitate decision-making and the generation of new products and services.
It is also essential to develop connections amongst start-ups and between these new companies and knowledge centres, more firmly established businesses and specialist services.
and Policies 49 the density and connectivity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and facilitating the establishment and improvement of specialised stakeholders (business angels and risk capital, consulting, technical and technological mediation services, legal advice, companies
-Technical and financial support for research and development, pilot tests and dissemination and marketing of sustainable technologies, products and services (for example, technologies to improve water, energy and waste management,
-Support for regulations and standards that incentivise eco-innovative products, services and technologies. For example, through the application of best available technologies and the EU's REACH Regulations.
-Introduction of innovative and sustainable public procurement programmes and systems for ecolabelling and certifying products and services.
and services (tax reductions, vouchers and programmes to increase consumers'knowledge and awareness about ecoinnovative products and services,
These research infrastructures often perform these activities in the form of services. Social sciences and humanities The area of social sciences and humanities is fragmented very in terms of the number of disciplines and fields,
which open new opportunities for the exploitation of the R&d results and the development of innovative products, processes and services which,
as a result of the cooperation, the economic operators can obtain R&d services cheaper than if they had to purchase the given infrastructure and the necessary human resources, as it is often not possible either financially or physically.
but their services are spread across the country to make their RI capacities available to all actors of the domestic economy.
As a result, it can be expected that such RI services will be established that, due to the lack of networking,
and utilising the services of the research infrastructure. An important element of the RI development is in kind contribution
All of these enable ecosystem services and the analysis of natural capital using state-of-theart methods,
The ecosystem services (service, regulatory, supplying and cultural services) can be regarded as public goods representing a value comparable to the performance of real economy.
The membership fee of SPIRAL2 may be settled in 100%by detector construction and electronic supply services,
CCDC CSD Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre (CCDC) provides high-quality information, software and services in the fields of chemistry and crystallography.
if all societal actors are engaged fully in the coconstruction of innovative solutions, products and services.
adequate and reformed system of social supports and services for those who have completed their working years
such as agriculture and food, tourism, aviation services, the green economy, retail and construction and property.
to now encompass a broader range of high value activities through from R&d, to Shared Services, to Customer Technical Contact Centres, to Services sectors and activities as well as manufacturing.
Locally available, competitive and efficiently produced goods and services can result in increased Direct Economy Expenditure
The categorisation 5 Action Plan The European Agenda for Entrepreneurship, European commission, COM (2004) 6 acknowledges the importance of both services and manufacturing activities to Ireland's future economic growth,
Locally Traded Services Figure 1: Sectoral Categories in Ireland Source: Forfás 2. 4 Business Expenditure on R&d (BERD) Business Expenditure on R&d (BERD) has increased from €1. 2 billion in 2003 to over €1. 96 billion in 2012,
Innovative Processes for Enterprise (Advanced Manufacturing and Business Services) Advanced manufacturing (including applications in ICT, pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, bio processing, medical technologies, food and drink etc.;
Business and services innovation (e g. financial services, educational services, etc. Potential priority areas were established based on a top down process drawing on priorities identified at EU level
Key Enabling Technologies, Manufacturing and Services Manufacturing is a crucial sector for Ireland. This sector has substantial capacity for jobs growth,
'and‘Innovation In services and Business Processes'underpin both the manufacturing and services sectors. Key manufacturing sectors include ICT, Life sciences, Food and Drink, Engineering, and Electronics.
adequate and reformed system of social supports and services for those who have completed their working years
such as agriculture and food, tourism, aviation services, the green economy, retail and construction and property.
to now encompass a broader range of high value activities through from R&d, to Shared Services, to Customer Technical Contact Centres, to Services sectors and activities as well as manufacturing.
Locally available, competitive and efficiently produced goods and services can result in increased Direct Economy Expenditure
The categorisation 5 Action Plan The European Agenda for Entrepreneurship, European commission, COM (2004) 6 acknowledges the importance of both services and manufacturing activities to Ireland's future economic growth,
Locally Traded Services Figure 1: Sectoral Categories in Ireland Source: Forfás 2. 4 Business Expenditure on R&d (BERD) Business Expenditure on R&d (BERD) has increased from €1. 2 billion in 2003 to over €1. 96 billion in 2012,
Innovative Processes for Enterprise (Advanced Manufacturing and Business Services) Advanced manufacturing (including applications in ICT, pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, bio processing, medical technologies, food and drink etc.;
Business and services innovation (e g. financial services, educational services, etc. Potential priority areas were established based on a top down process drawing on priorities identified at EU level
Key Enabling Technologies, Manufacturing and Services Manufacturing is a crucial sector for Ireland. This sector has substantial capacity for jobs growth,
'and‘Innovation In services and Business Processes'underpin both the manufacturing and services sectors. Key manufacturing sectors include ICT, Life sciences, Food and Drink, Engineering, and Electronics.
and services They can constitute logistic platforms of trade operations between Europe and Africa or America (Renewed) European strategy for ORS+partnership & integrated action plan.
internal (islands) and external Significant labour force with a low educational level High unemployment Unbalanced productive structure and consequent inertia Extra-costs for essential infraestructuresand services (eg.
experimental) and high added value services to knowledge-based enterprises Promote interaction among firms and with universities and research centers Linked to universities
66 Figure 8-Matrix of business functions and international services...93 4 LIST OF REGIONAL EXAMPLES Example 1-Analysis of the regional context Skåne's innovation capacity...
likely competitors and the entire set of input and services required for launching a new business activity.
Many future goods and services will be driven by KETS such as semiconductors, advanced materials, photonics and nanotechnology.
Moreover, these goods and services will be crucial in addressing the'grand societal challenges'facing the EU,
it has not been as successful in translating research results into commercialised manufactured goods and services.
a region should be able to identify relevant linkages and flows of goods, services and knowledge revealing possible patterns of integration with partner regions.
Its aim is to gain insight into the results of innovation support services with the aim of improving delivery instruments,
which do not match current product mixes (e g. the difficulty of defining environmental product or services'sectors').
Assessment and mapping of digital infrastructures and e-communication services: existing and planned technology infrastructures (broadband networks) and other telecom-and internet-related services are presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard. 21 Human resources:
Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the private sector.
and peer review services, for example. Figure 1 exemplifies a number of organisations belonging to each of the previous categories,
Examples of such activities include technology transfer, knowledge exchange, venture funding, regional economic development, business services
talent attraction schemes Innovation awards Incubators Start-ups support innovation services (business support and coaching) Training
and focus of innovation support services for SMES Target of support Reactive tools providing input for innovation Proactive tools focusing on learning to innovate Global connections Excellence poles Cross
and service providers Industrial production regions with relatively high knowledge absorptive capacities Supporting science-industry linkages (personnel exchange and placement schemes, technology advisory services, technology
combining technology transfer with other services Promote innovation start-ups (business angel networks, mentoring schemes, regional seed and venture capital funds) Densification and internationalisation of regional production clusters Regional public procurement oriented towards innovation Technology platforms (linking technical schools and SMES) Technology transfer centres in relevant sectors,
Medium/long-term results Increase awareness of a set of new technologies Awareness campaign, visits to fairs, advisory services Adoption of technologies Improved business performance;
, increase in prototypes New products and services based on innovation, increased quality of production Increase of research activity in a region Research subsidies to enterprises or universities/research centres Increase in research expenditure in firms, increase in patents or publications Improved innovation performance,
Furthermore, SMES are key players in introducing new products/services into the market place and offering innovative solutions to the grand challenges.
Regional policy makers also have to understand the different forms of innovation such as nontechnology services, cross-sector technology integration, system and business model innovation,
It is relevant for the regional authorities to adapt their offer of support services to the demand of the different types of enterprises:
SMES need policy support in tapping into the necessary outside resources, principally access to knowledge in the form of advice through innovation support services and tailored counselling, technology or qualified human capital,
or testing new ways to access high added-value support services: vouchers, innovative procurement, market replication, proof of concept, lead markets, 47 Key Enabling Technologies (KETS),
and management to commercialisation of project results) as part of the regional innovation support services, use of financial engineering instruments to promote commercialisation of promising EU research and innovation results by regional actors,
p=9 eranet 52 http://www. enterprise-europe-network. ec. europa. eu/index en. htm 73 Support services based on direct customised assistance:
o the Business Innovation Centres (BIC) provide innovation related business services on a commercial basis;
systems and related services that are used by research communities to conduct top-level research in their respective fields.
They can also provide complementary services and support to local firms. Spin-offs and SMES can find wider support services that allow them to better focus on their core business and on research for the development of innovations in science parks.
They are associated usually with strong networking effects and high levels of social capital. They also provide visibility
sectoral centres targeting specific industries (providing a range of specialised services, directly to firms) and cross-sector centres concerned with generic issues (such as product development and work in partnership).
or region in order to offer a range of integrated guidance and support services for projects carried out by innovative SMES,
and that they are able to provide high added-value, financial and nonfinancial support services to SMES,
and services that create growth and jobs. The contribution of the stakeholders at regional and national level needs therefore to be enhanced.
and translating it into innovative products and services, in cooperation with research centres and businesses.
and students, provide advice and services to SMES, and participate in schemes promoting the training and placement of high level graduates in innovative businesses.
Advisory services for the improvement of the economic and environmental performance as well as the climate-friendliness and resilience of the farms, forest enterprises and rural SMES,
sustainable and inclusive economic growth through the realisation of the digital single market and the exploitation of the potential for innovation of fast and ultra fast internet and interoperable services and applications.
at 100 Mbps minimum) and for wide deployment and more effective use of digital technologies, applications and services.
and the best leverages for the potential of digital technologies and services to meet today's challenges
and more effective use of digital applications and services spurring innovation, increased competitiveness and economic growth.
as well as ensuring investment in digital service infrastructures (trans-European high speed backbone connections for public administrations, cross-border delivery of egovernment services, enabling access to public sector information and multilingual
services, online safety and security, intelligent energy networks and smart energy services. To best harness EU funding from these various financial instruments, one of the key challenges for management authorities is
broadband and NGA networks and Digital Service Infrastructures including core service platforms and generic services.
The S3 platform, in combination with relevant Commission Services can provide specific assistance to regions which identify ICT as one of its main policy objectives for the 2014-2020 period.
the S3 platform will also develop services dedicated to broadband roll out. Regions are reminded to closely coordinate their plans with the actions included in the national plans for high speed internet (national broadband plans) with a view to exploiting synergies
dynamic cultural institutions and services), stimulates the development of creative businesses, and supports spill over effects into the local existing industries and fuel development.
''Promoting clusters','Developing ICT products and services,;''Promoting entrepreneurship, ''Developing new business models for SMES','Improving the urban environment','Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities',etc. 104 http://creativebusiness. org
the support to urban regeneration in which the cultural component (notably cultural infrastructure) traditionally plays a key role, the development of ICT-based cultural products, applications and services, the support to new business models for CCI
R&d&i, support services, access to finance, design) can be produced outside OECD countries. Regions have thus to benchmark themselves with any other regions to assess where the real
According to a Finnish survey entitled'International R&d in high growth SMES Implications to innovation policy',110 public authorities can help the internationalisation process of technological companies by supplying them with support services
Figure 8-Matrix of business functions and international services Business International functions services Research Joint research Access to equipment Establishment (FDI) Innovation Joint
and enterprises commercialising their results and services). A new RSFF facility to provide loans and leases to SMES and smaller mid-sized firms,
and regions consist mainly in providing support in the form of finance, infrastructure or services for R&d or other activities and capacities that aim to produce innovations.
The introduction of these innovative products or services into the market is, however, a problem that is barely addressed,
They then either procure R&d services to develop innovative solutions with pre-commercial public procurement,
for example, the administrations in charge of health and care services, environment, mobility, energy, housing, waste and water management do not perceive themselves as having any role to play regarding support for innovative firms.
To financially support the procurement of innovative solutions (goods & services), through targeted and limited grants to contracting authorities.
and services that are more environmentally-friendly; Enhancing international and interregional co-operation on innovation for sustainable growth.
services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationships or collaborations.
new services) they contribute to reshaping society in the direction of participation, empowerment, co-creation and learning.
Public sector is central in the delivery of many services of social and economic value. In this regard, it has a pivotal role in answering (together with private stakeholders and the civil society) today's major societal challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services, risk
of poverty and social exclusion, the need for better and more transparent governance, and a more sustainable resource management.
new or improved services (e g. healthcare at home), organisational innovation, system innovation (e g. new patterns of co-operation and interaction) and conceptual innovation (e g. a change in the outlook of actors.
This can lead to increased efficiency and the delivery of new and better quality services that respond not only to the users'evolving needs
Are there sector-specific support services/schemes foreseen? 4. 4 Does the document outline measures to stimulate private R&d&i investments, for instance through public-private partnerships?
nanotechnology, micro-nanoelectronics, advanced materials, photonics, industrial biotechnology and advanced manufacturing systems. 115 4. 6 Does it include a sufficiently balanced mix of soft innovation support services
telecommunications and software, computer programming, mecatronics, security, e-health, ITC for transport, new media, irrespectively networks of the future, internet services, software and visualization, media network and 3d
the buildings or the innovation services will be used, as well as the problem of innovation competences, especially at the level of the future generations the ones that will benefit from the present investments in innovation
o Support for the development of services offered bu business support networks and custers to their members.
construction, Biomass, Ecological Services, Fossil Energy, Gas and Electricity, Maritime Oil Extraction Machinery and Equipment Intelligent Agriculture, Automation, Mechatronics Textiles Technical Textiles
Life science, Health Scientific domain Specialisation area IT&C Networks of the future, internet and services, software and visualization, networked media and 3d internet, flexible organic and large area
public procurement of innovative products and services; pre-commercial public procurement. Involvement of entrepreneurial actors:
and services(%)13.7 (2011) 16 20 Revenue from licences and patents from abroad as%of GDP 0. 13 (2011) 0. 15 0. 17 Source:
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