Creating Shared Value by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer The Idea In brief The concept of shared value
which focuses on the connections between societal and economic progress has the power to unleash the next wave of global growth.
An increasing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as Google, IBM, Intel, Johnson & johnson, Nestlé, Unilever,
and Wal-mart have begun to embark on important shared value initiatives. But our understanding of the potential of shared value is just beginning.
There are three key ways that companies can create shared value opportunities: By reconceiving products and markets By redefining productivity in the value chain By enabling local cluster development Every firm should look at decisions and opportunities through the lens of shared value.
This will lead to new approaches that generate greater innovation and growth for companies and also greater benefits for society.
The capitalist system is under siege. In recent years business increasingly has been viewed as a major cause of social, environmental,
and economic problems. Companies are perceived widely to be prospering at the expense of the broader community.
Even worse, the more business has begun to embrace corporate responsibility the more it has been blamed for society's failures.
The legitimacy of business has fallen to levels not seen in recent history. This diminished trust in business leads political leaders to set policies that undermine competitiveness and sap economic growth.
Business is caught in a vicious circle. A big part of the problem lies with companies themselves, which remain trapped in an outdated approach to value creation that has emerged over the past few decades.
which societal issues are at the periphery, not the core. The solution lies in the principle of shared value,
A growing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as GE, Google, IBM
Intel, Johnson & johnson, Nestlé, Unilever, and Wal-mart have embarked already on important efforts to create shared value by reconceiving the intersection between society and corporate performance.
Intel and IBM are both devising ways to help utilities harness digital intelligence in order to economize on power usage.
In Kenya, Vodafone'S m-PESA mobile banking service signed up 10 million customers in three years;
Dow chemical managed to reduce consumption of fresh water at its largest production site by one billion gallons enough water to supply nearly 40 000 people in the U s. for a year resulting in savings of $4 million.
Kindle, and Google Scholar (which offers texts of scholarly literature online) demonstrate, profitable new distribution models can also dramatically reduce paper and plastic usage.
Many companies, for example, traditionally sought to minimize the cost of expensive employee health care coverage or even eliminate health coverage altogether.
Today leading companies have learned that because of lost workdays and diminished employee productivity, poor health costs them more than health benefits do.
North carolina's Research Triangle is a notable example of public and private collaboration that has created shared value by developing clusters in such areas as information technology and life sciences.
as well as government officials, to work on precompetitive issues that improve the cluster and upgrade the value chain for all participants.
If sites are comparable economically, at which one will the local community benefit the most?
Successful collaboration will be driven data clearly linked to defined outcomes, well connected to the goals of all stakeholders,
with government investing in infrastructure for collecting reliable benchmarking data (such as nutritional deficiencies in each community.
and innovation, will form a new core discipline in business schools; economic development will no longer be left only to public policy and economics departments.
meaning internet connections, web collaborative tools, sharing of open data and a process of bottom-up peer-supported activities and applications.
Examples are given on the novel use of information platforms, data from sensor networks and community use of mobile phones.
Our data comes from the EU activities and R&d grants awarded up to 2014. We describe the concept, the context,
The idea behind it is that web platforms and the new forms of interactions promote value generating collaborations and social progress,
and the use of state-of-the-art information technology to engage citizens, to support stronger links (data exchange,
visualization) and thus to multiply the potential effect of grass-root initiatives. The network effect can make local and global coincide on the net.
For example, for the net innovation unit, the public-private partnership on the Future Internet currently has a budget of 130 million for its phase three.
These resources are for internet platforms that are digital open source and open hardware environments supporting social innovation by empowering
and facilitating citizens'participation. One of the projects is responsible for the impact analysis of Digital Social Innovation impacts.
namely to set up Internet platforms and digital information processing tools to promote those value-generating collaborations
or join forces and multiply the potential of grass-root initiatives across social networks. The term Digital Social Innovation includes,
crowdsourcing and crowdfunding, big data visualisation and analytics, P2p production and consumption, edemocracy and eparticiaption. Crowdsourcing refers to a platform for on-line distributed problems and a network of coordinated human‘problem solvers'.
'Crowdsourcing can be an innovative and effective way to apply collective intelligence to solve some types of complex problems.
Mechanical Turk was the first such crowdsourcing network in the USA and it contributed to scale up crowdsourcing worldwide.
CAPS uses collective intelligence and contributes to develop an open source and decentralized infrastructure for connecting citizens and the internet in a decentralized open architecture.
Today's internet is centralized more than it once was: take Facebook, a centralized social network, take Google docs,
a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility. To counter the big commercial players,
innovation activities and research projects built peer-to-peer and small scale local social media, building on small community networks.
This is a bottom-up explore-as-you-go experimental approach. Some see it as an alternative form of industrial policy,
opposed to competitiveness scenarios where only the fittest survive and become ubiquitous. Monopoly rent or profits are based primarily on maintenance or acquisition of dominant position in established markets.
The user-centred digital end-to-end media challenges both traditional media and Big New Media regimes.
The diagram below helps to understand Digital Social Innovation in depth. It is based on Jeremy Heimans Tedsalon Talk (2014) applied to the activities of European NGO organisations,
profit motive Held by the elite Commands Leader-driven Downloads Closed, formal Top down Perfectionism A current of transparency,
and to this day social innovation continues to have a legal basis. EC activities include the Future Internet public private partnership,
Finally there is the DG CNECT FP7 FIRE-Future Internet Research and Experiments funding a network of hubs that cooperate to interconnect the experimental test beds and Living Labs experiments.
2014), the core component of the CAPS world is made up of research projects for Grassroots Experiments and Pilots,
promoting new collaboration models and tools for the CAPS community and behind WEB-COSI: developing instruments for collectively-generated statistics and increasing trust for nonofficial statistics.
It does so through its crowdfunding and crowdsourcing platform. It ran three open calls at European level,
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
and related website The websites in the table above give details on the results obtained so far.
This study, in fact, mapped 590 organisations with 645 projects active in the filed across Europe (data of August 2014.
Actors and initiatives were crowd-mapped trough the project platform digitalsocial. eu were data are updated constantly.
The IA4SI methodology is based on Cost-benefit analysis, on Multicriteria Analysis and on the Social media ROI. To analyse any changes in CAPS users'attitudes
the Self-assessment toolkit (SAT) and the User Data Gathering Interphase (UDGI. The first one is dedicated to CAPS projects coordinators and partners and the second one to CAPS users.
and human capital because its outputs and its activities are not leading to this kind of impacts. 5. At this point the SAT will show all the questions related to the impact dimensions selected by the project representatives. 6. The data inserted by CAPS representatives will be elaborated in real time by the SAT
IA4SI team will use all the gathered data for developing two impact assessment reports: one will include the assessment of each CAPS project
and one will analyse the data at aggregated, domain level. Besides this, a set of best practice will be identified
and soon their results will be assessed by individual panels of individual experts (annual reviews). There will also be an impact assessment in January 2014,
and data science can be used to measure benefits of digital social innovation initiatives, that more diverse sources of data improves impact measurement,
but that ultimately it is stakeholder engagement that makes the difference to sustainable social innovation.
Twenty-first century social science needs to have access to new data gathering resources to collect to sample to validate hypotheses
The open data portal is experimenting with this distributed data resource. The findings can be reapplied to generate more collective intelligence.
of social innovation measurement, Deliverable of the Project Tepsie, EU 7fp, http://www. tepsie. eu/index. php/publications Epstein
"Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data Passani A.,Monacciani F.,Van der Graaf S.,Spagnoli F.,Bellini F.,Debicki M,
A methodology for the socioeconomic impact assessment of Software-as-a-service and Internet of Services research projects, Research Evaluation, 2014 23: 133-149 Passani A.,Spagnoli, F.,Prampolini, A.,Firus
The Young Foundation and the Web. Digital Social Innovation, working paper
Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation: An Introduction iforewordin just three decades, the internet has evolved from an experimental tool for researchers to a pervasive, omnipresent backbone for society and the economy.
In my eyes its main strength, and unprecedented characteristic, is hyperconnectivity, which is the ability to network people, ideas and data across boundaries of any nature:
geographical, cultural, disciplinary, linguistic, social, economic. All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
Their impact was as much game-changing as it was unpredicted just a few months earlier. Indeed, hyperconnectivity opens up a new field where successful ideas have nothing in common but their unpredictable,
The objective was to explore new solutions at the confluence of social networks, knowledge networks and networks of things.
bottom-up and grassroots solutions based on new forms of collaboration enabled by the internet. I like to think that a book sprint is a very good example of how people can collaborate in innovative ways for the common good,
323988. http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eufloss Manuals Foundationfloss Manuals creates free documentation about free software.
Previously she worked as a journalist and social media manager. Marta graduated in philosophy, studying contemporary aesthetics and politics in the urban context,
Atta is Director of the European Virtual Centre of Excellence for Ethically-guided and Privacy-respecting Video Analytics (Videosense) and Coordinator of Scicafe 2. 0-the European Observatory for Crowdsourcing.
Lara Schibelsky Godoy Piccolo is a human computer interaction researcher at the Knowledge Media Institute of The Open university.
She is a computer engineer and Phd candidate, with an MA in Computer science at UNICAMP, Brazil.
Previously, she was Senior Researcher at CPQD in Brazil coordinating R&d projects related to the digital divide. 6 Dr. Maurizio Teli has recently been appointed as Research Fellow at the Department of Information Engineering and Computer science of the University of Trento (Italy.
and disseminating the CAPS projects'core activities. Stimulating the birth of new CAPS initiatives. Based on their own interests, the reader of this publication can choose for themself a section from which to start reading,
Previously, in 2011, The 1st Dialogue on Platforms for collective awareness and action chaired by DG Connect General Director Robert Madelin took place in the framework of the Internet and societies:
'The Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation (CAPS) are ICT systems leveraging the emerging"network effect"by combining open online social media,
distributed knowledge creation and data from real environments("Internet of things")in order to create awareness of problems and possible solutions requesting collective efforts, enabling new forms of social innovation.
When we refer to the collaboration of human and nonhuman actors we can think of data being gathered by engaging both citizens and sensors,
as it segregates internet users into small-scale groups that share professional and leisure interests. The understanding and transparency of filtering mechanisms is probably the core element of awareness in CAPS initiatives.
Merging these two terms, the picture that emerges of collective awareness is one of the distribution of information on the activities of other participants,
Web platforms are the locus on which the CAPS projects focus on enabling the dynamics of collective awareness construction.
it is a socio-technical solution that is composed of multiple ICT tools, such as websites, forums, social networks,
collaborative platforms, deliberating tools, data visualisation, etc. The first of the societal challenges the EC is focusing on with the action of CAPS is understood sustainability,
or supported social innovation already exists on the web. Among others it is possible to mention Avaaz,
which defines itself as'A global web movement to bring people-powered politics to decision-making everywhere';
Safecast, which after the March 2011 earthquake in Japan provided data about radiation by using a sensor network;
and Goteo, a Spanish social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructures, micro-tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative and innovative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge,
Moreover, the project explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution.
the second level of the digital divide (not access to the internet, but rather the lack of skills to use it);
Another important area of analysis is related to data security, protection and data sharing in the use of online social networks and the value proposition and business models that surround personal and sensitive data.
Moving from citizen engagement to the data that these citizens produce on the web, intentionally or unintentionally,
a main research question is how to make that data reliable, trustworthy and meaningful? To this end CAPS projects study manners of visualising behavioural patterns and information diffusion, of supporting and improving collaborative sense-making,
and of improving the cross fertilisation between official and unofficial statistical data. In addition, CAPS projects support existing communities by intensifying the analysis
user-generated knowledge, visualisation of digital (open) data, and copyright. All such topics involve the understanding of collective forms of behaviour
in addition to looking at what is used already on the web and how it is successful, it is also necessary to dig deeper
like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of the scientific community (Forte & Bruckman, 2005.
Participation in work-related communities such as Linkedin groups and other professional networks can trigger different motivations.
The first example of such reflections has been Free and Open source Software which has been investigated from many theoretical viewpoints,
The core component of the CAPS world is made up of research projects for Grassroots Experiments and Pilots,
promotes new collaboration models WEB-COSI: increases trust in collectively-generated statisticsmoreover, the study on Digital Social Innovation in Europe (DSI) is dedicated to crowdmapping
techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in commons-based peer production in the future Internet 22 These two are funded under the FP7 Objective 1. 7 Future Internet Research
Finally, CAPS are an important topic for internet science, a research domain dedicated to the understanding of techno-social issues.
In this field, the Network of Excellence in Internet Science (EINS), recently funded the FOCAL project (Foundation for Collective Awareness Platforms)
Awareness Platforms WEB-COSIWEB Communities for Statistics for Social Innovationwww. webcosi. eucaps2020caps2020http://caps2020. euhttp://caps-conference. euscicafe2. 0scicafe 2. 0www. scicafe2-0.
Develop alternative collaborative approaches to problem solving (crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, participatory design, collective intelligence, collective decisions. Actively engage, innovate and act, individually or collectively, towards societally, environmentally, political and economically sustainable approaches and solutions to tackle societal challenges:
Social innovation organisations and networks Citizens, social movements and activists Researchers Companies NGOS, associations and charities Software developers CAPS projects Citizensof these, citizens are the most relevant users
Wikipedia. Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.
Students and citizens interested in statistics and in knowing more about GDP measurement initiatives. Who Is behind CAPS?
CC RESEARCH GROUP ON INTERNET, POLICY AND COMMONS, AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA-Barcelona, Spain IMAGINATION FOR PEOPLE-France IMINDS VZW-Brussels, Belgium INTERNATIONAL MODERN MEDIA INSTITUTE
and meta-analysis. These projects are WEB-COSI, CAPS2020, IA4SI and SCICAFE2. 0. These projects,
WEB-COSI makes a Wiki of progress statistics available and fosters the use and improvement of quality of nonofficial statistics beyond GDP statistics.
and deploys a multi-modal participative engagement platform (Ctizens'Say) integrated with crowdsourcing tools which can be used by all CAPS projects.
USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.
and with WEB-COSI in terms of analytics and visualisations. CHEST shows potential synergies could emerge with IA4SI,
and also shows potential synergies with P2pvalue in terms of research activities on collaborative core technologies and with D-CENT with reference to XML-based activity streams and information integration.
Among others, the synergy between CAPS and EINS, a European network of excellence for Internet Science, deserves to be mentioned. 30 Figure 3synergies between CAPS Projects 31 Collective Awarenessplatforms Engagement Platformsfrom Existing Projects
This list could be used as a useful data source to identify the type of organisations,
This overview consists of a clustering of the funded CAPS projects under 14 emerging categories.
The clustering is based on available public documents of CAPS projects and on the knowledge available among the authors,
This clustering considers the main'innovations'produced by the projects. More comprehensive outputs of each project will then comprise the ways in
'Analytics and Visualisationsweb 2. 0 social computing principles motivate the importance of placing useful, usable analytic tools in the hands of users themselves,
social network analytics and visualisations (structure and dynamics of peer-to-peer networks, e g. the roles that people play in collective endeavours CATALYST project), discourse analytics
and engagement analytics and visualisations for evaluating different facets of participative engagement in social innovation initiatives (CAPS4ACCESS, CATALYST, DECARBONET, IA4SI, WEB-COSI projects).
Such evaluation can be delegated to algorithms, like in the case of Google Pagerank, where search results are ordered according to different criteria such as relative relevance, search histories, etc.
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP). Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to these projects,
e g. software development capabilities, social innovation concepts, etc. The ability to reach out to highly skilled people who can contribute freely,
2008), to specific tasks is known as the phenomenon crowdsourcing (Howe, 2006), or outsourcing to the crowd.
such as collective mapping (CAP4ACCESS), deliberation (CATALYST), crowd voting (CHEST), social currencies (D-CENT), directories of initiatives (P2pvalue), statistical data collections (WEB-COSI),
Given the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices, these tools will serve to empower members of the disabilities community to be able to more fully take part in society
and versatility of online maps and mobile devices for collectively gathering and sharing spatial information for improving accessibility for persons with limited mobility.
which to explore the potential of social media for tackling social challenges. The issue of how to engage people with social innovation as users of the collective awareness platforms must also be a target of CAPS'developments.
or new valuation practices of personal data (USEMP).(Open) Data Integrationeach social network has a different affordance for users.
Twitter, Facebook and other widely-adopted social systems format the content in different ways, suggesting to users to attribute different meanings and ways of use.
Integrating user-generated data from different media, analysing the content as well as user participation, and providing insightful visualisations are some of the complex tasks related to data integration addressed by CAPS projects.
D-CENT, WIKIRATE, and WEB-COSI are focused on open data integration by providing different standards, tools and methods for data federation.
DECARBONET and D-CENT work on the modelling of social media data for mining and presenting it in an aggregated way.
CATALYST DECARBONET, and WIKIRATE are also together in that they aggregate data from different social media sources (such as Facebook, Twitter and emailing systems.
Online Deliberation From Group-Based to Large-Scalerecent events have given evidence to the fact that communities can be created
and mobilised by engaging in online dialogues mediated by social media platforms, for example the Arab spring uprisings organised through Facebook,
or the use or Twitter for emergency response. Even though society seems to urge technologies to facilitate
and 37 empower widespread collective deliberation, social media platforms, as well as the more targeted platforms for e-democracy,
provide unstructured conversations where data is presented not in a way that makes it easy for other people
(or machines) to make sense of (or extract) the rich social and technical knowledge, which is embedded in the dialogue.
The Theory of Scholarly Discourse (Gilbert and Mulkay 1984), dialogue mapping (Conklin 2006) and argumentation (Walton 2009, Walton and Reed 2009) suggest that by structuring several forms of discourse, such as
for example by providing a directory of CBPP projects and initiatives, other projects, like SCICAFE2. 0, WEB-COSI,
and WIKIRATE, actually leverage some of the characteristics of this mode of production in delivering their results, from statistical data (SCICAFE2. 0) to scientific themes (SCICAFE2. 0),
and data quality discrimination (WIKIRATE and WEB-COSI). 38 Privacy-Aware Tools and Applicationsprivacy-aware systems have evolved over the last decade from privacy-enhancing technologies (PETS)
or layer integrated with information systems as a design afterthought, to a new paradigm of privacy-by design as championed by the Information and Privacy Commission of Ontario, Canada (www. privacybydesign. ca),
Personal data ecosystems (PDE) has recently been developed by the World Economic Forum and further elaborated by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commission and others.
Socio-ethical and privacy-preserving practice in both design of systems and in their governance, including internet governance,
and how governments and enterprises can operate on a global scale to influence the privacy standards of network-centric systems and the related internet governance issues worldwide.
ensuring that people are in full control of their data, maintaining privacy and trust in the technology they use.
FOCAL is motivated by privacy concerns about the data and location of the end users that contribute to CAPS.
It is concerned thus with the analysis of privacy, reputation and trust in social networks. USEMP will build upon the notion of PDE
and may in fact assume a personal data vault to provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data.
Social networking & Social media Enhancementthe confluence of network-centric systems, mobile telecommunications, semantic web and web 2. 0,
in particular the creative media industry and prosumers sharing media for entertainment, has contributed to a thriving ecosystem of online social networks (OSN) serving various business models
and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co-creation thus maximising the network effect,
and developers, is creating a distributed social networking platform for large-scale collaboration to solve social problems
USEMP will develop a set of tools allowing users of online social networks greater control over the personal data they share within the network
while also providing them with tools to enable the use of their data by entities outside of the OSN, for example,
or vote on documents that represent the policy of the group. 2. Assembl http://assembl. org Assembl is a web application that enables hundreds to thousands of people to work together with the goal of creating a single, tangible product.
It is available under the MIT license in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES,
and MAC OS X. 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative process that brings together a small group of people to develop
7. CKAN http://ckan. org CKAN is a powerful data management system that makes data accessible by providing tools to streamline publishing,
sharing, finding and using data. CKAN is aimed at data publishers (national and regional governments, companies and organisations) wanting to make their data open and available. 8. Climate Quiz https://apps. facebook. com/climate-quiz A Facebook application in the tradition of Games with a Purpose for Measuring Environmental
Knowledge. 9. Cohere http://cohere. open. ac. uk Cohere is a visual tool to create,
connect and share ideas, and back them up with websites. By using Cohere people can support
or challenge each other's ideas and discover who literally connects with your thinking. Cohere demo movie:
Crabgrass https://we. riseup. net Crabgrass is a software libre web application designed for group
decentralised social network which puts users in control of their data security and was touted by the media as a'Facebook killer'.
'41 15. Edgeryders http://edgeryders. eu/page/home-mb-ano Edgeryders is a global community and boutique consulting company.
Elgg http://elgg. org Elgg is an award-winning social networking engine, delivering the building blocks that enable businesses, schools,
universities and associations to create their own fully-featured social networks and applications. 17. Evidence Hub http://evidence-hub. net The Evidence Hub is a collaborative knowledge-building (specifically evidence-building) web platform.
It was designed in KMI by the team developing the concept of'Contested Collective Intelligence''where it is important to understand different perspectives and support quality debates. 18.
GEO Smart monitor devices http://www. greenenergyoptions. co. uk/products-and-services/products A set of In-Home Displays, smart plugs and web visualisation of energy consumption. 19.
Global network on Sustainable Lifestyles http://vision2050. net The GNSL is a global platform of practitioners
Greenapes https://www. greenapes. com/en greenapes is a gamified social media platform where you can build your sustainable profile
is a network of interconnected sites, where you can communicate, share, collaborate with others and create your web spaces easily. 25.
Libbitcoin http://libbitcoin. dyne. org Libbitcoin is a community of developers building the open-source library, tools and implementation necesary for a free, independent and vibrant Bitcoin. 42 26.
Liquid Feedback http://liquidfeedback. org Liquidfeedback is an open-source software, powering internet platforms for proposition development and decision making. 27.
Loomio https://www. loomio. org/?/locale=en Loomio is free and open-source software for anyone, anywhere,
to participate in decisions. 28. Mailpile https://www. mailpile. is Free and open-source web mail client with user-friendly encryption and privacy features. 29.
Media Watch for Climate Change http://www. ecoresearch. net/climate It tracks the latest news and social media coverage on climate change and related issues.
The dashboard provides interactive means to access this repository, to analyse the perceptions of various stakeholders,
Metamaps http://metamaps. c/Metamaps. cc is a free and open-source web platform for changemakers
Anybody living in Rio de janeiro can log on to the website and denounce a problem and launch a campaign to fix it.
Openahjo http://dev. hel. fi/apis/openahjo Openahjo is an API and a UI for accessing the decision-making material of the city of Helsinki. 33.
Openministry http://openministry. info The Open Ministry (Avoin ministeriö) is about crowdsourcing legislation, deliberative and participatory democracy and citizens initiatives.
and maintain data about roads, trails, cafés, railway stations, and much more, all over the world. 35.
Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API. 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for crowdsourcing.
It enables you to create and run projects where volunteers help you with image classification, transcription, geocoding and more. 39.
Reddit http://www. reddit. com Social networking service and news website where registered community members can submit content, such as text posts or direct links.
and determine their position on the site's pages. Content entries are organised by areas of interest called'subreddits'.
Slashdot http://slashdot. org Slashdot is a website based on, and runs, the Slashdot-Like Automated Storytelling Homepage software. 43.
Status. Net http://status. net Free and open-source social software. 44. Succeed Together http://www. succeedtogether. eu/en A company that is creating a semantic engine
which allows groups of 500 to 3000 people to answer questions qualitatively, and the engine crunches the answers in real-time
Twister http://twister. net. co Twister is decentralised a fully P2p microblogging platform leveraging from the free software implementations of Bitcoin and Bittorrent protocols. 47.
Ushahidi http://ushahidi. com Nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open-source software for information collection, visualisation and interactive mapping. 48.
Utopia Docs http://getutopia. com Collaborative web annotation tool for PDF files. 50. Wagn http://wagn. org Wagn is a Wiki Platform. 51.
Wikiprogress http://www. wikiprogress. org/index php/Main page Wikiprogress is a global platform for sharing information
Yeswiki http://yeswiki. net/wakka. php? wiki=Accueil Yeswiki is made a software application for creating and managing your website, in a collaborative way.
Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence, used for creating and managing an internet or intranet website. 54.
Your Priorities https://www. yrpri. org/home/world Your Priorities is an e-democracy web application designed by the nonprofit Citizens Foundation to help groups of people speak with one voice.
Your Priorities won the European e-democracy Awards in 2011 and numerous Icelandic awards for innovation
and participation. 45 46 4. Starting Out 47 Societal Challengessocietal challenges are associated with problem situations
or issues that arise from tensions in some aspect of social life or the environment that may threaten the safety and sustainability of a social group and, possibly, the wider world.
Global warming, implications of population ageing, the digital divide and security issues across the internet, are examples of problems experienced across nations, to a greater or lesser extent,
The internet-based physical and digital ensemble including the Internet of things, today can enable us to obtain the required measurements,
to perform semantic fusion of data that can make sense of the underlying causal processes of a problem situation (i e. the models of the problem space),
and to assess the extent and scope of the impacts of a problem as it affects society.
By converging cloud services, mobile telecommunication and Web 2. 0 technologies, the collective awareness platforms will support wide spread participative engagement
Engaging Communities of Interestcommunities of interest are at the core of CAPS developments. These groups may be geographically bound to one location
and social media boosts this process. Engagement strategies must provide an incentive to self-report achievements and changes in behaviour.
Unsuccessful experiences, for example, of exploring the potential of social media to reach a goal are not rare:
or a political one) using the web as a principal channel. Providing an adequate tool is definitely an important step,
The impact of gamification, competition, collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that have been evaluated to promote engagement
for example, can be a powerful motivator, especially for a younger, internet savvy audience. The broad range of computer games and apps that appeal to the users of internet devices are a valuable resource for understanding
what motivates a large segment of the population. Social media channels and blogs are also very powerful tools for engaging communities of interest over a longer period of time,
and will play an important role in the engagement plans of the CAPS projects. 56 Barriers in Attempting to Manage Problem Situationsas societal challenges emerge
whether the community of interest being addressed is, on average, internet savvy or not. How familiar people are with technologies must be considered in designing engagement strategies and the participatory working dynamics.
Integrating quantitative data with content analysis of self-reports is a possible way to evaluate,
The results of the data and evidence collected in such a way can be used to articulate the relationships between the different kinds of effects. 65 66 6. Conclusion 67 Conclusionthe aim of the CAPS projects is to promote positive social change.
a set of methods and tools for analysing information systems, and Hall's (1959) understanding of a societal culture.
The real-time visualisations of digital content provided by DECARBONET (Figure 9) exemplifies how user-generated information in different social media channels can be used by NGOS
This important achievement was made possible by engaging European citizens in a sign-in campaign centralised on the initiative web. 69 Outlook for the Futurethe CAPS projects introduced in this book are the first projects to be funded under the CAPS programme
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