The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West bank under the terms of international law.
Head of the Country Studies and Outlook Division, provided overall guidance and support for the project
130 Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem...131 Lessons learned and conclusions for policy...
124 Figure 2. 7. Finish Innovations, the VTT SFINNO Database...125 Figure 2. 8. National (Lead Market) Themes and Practices in 2008-2010.126 Figure 2. 9. Framework of the national and regional platform...
48 Box 3. 1. Advantages and limitations of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation...
In addition to quantitative indicators, qualitative data such as SWOT analyses, surveys, workshops and interviews with regional stakeholders are also important in the priority setting and discovery process.
Lower Austria's Innovation Assessment Methodology) as well as sophisticated policy monitoring tools to assess impacts at both programme and regional level (e g. the annual Brainport Monitor.
The core elements of the smart specialisation concept for policy include: Self-discovery or entrepreneurial discovery process.
The economics of R&d location (indivisibility, strong spatial clustering of innovation activities) makes regional responses to R&d globalisation naturally appropriate.
and external sources of finance) Prizes for inventions and discoveries, fiscal incentives, IPRS Incentives for public sector innovation (e g. procurement) Public web consultations Regional workshops Innovation Vouchers
and are suited therefore well to be addressed jointly, for example, between the partners of European Research Area and with the support of European policies and measures (e g. through the Joint Programming Initiatives).
OECD (2012) The contribution of key enabling technologies (KET) to smart specialisation Modern core technologies, referred to as key technologies (KET) such as nanotechnology, micro and nanoelectronics, advanced materials, photonics,
In the region of Malopolska, Poland the emergence of fast-growing companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies and telecommunications has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.
OECD-TIP enquiry in governance for smart specialisation Designing a specialisation strategy at the regional level requires an intelligent use of data
ICT companies have a very strong association of enterprises Estonian Association of Information technology and Telecommunications,
and by organising regional panels, the national government gets engaged in intensive consultation with regional stakeholders,
In the region of Malopolska, the emergence of fast-growing companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.
another important element is the use of quantitative and qualitative data to situate the region, country or emerging‘activities'in a larger picture.
what data and tools are needed and available to support policy makers to assess the potential of emerging activities
Thus, data and indicators are necessary to track progress, assess structural transformations and compare strategies.
while the latter can use a variety of data types, including number of employees, number of newly established enterprises, Gross domestic product,
and export data per economic sector. For countries, sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data is available from OECD (www. oecd-ilibrary. org/industry.
Unfortunately, on a regional level, it is difficult to find sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data.
The most appropriate data appear to be OECD's regional labour market statistics. By comparing specialisation indicators over time, changes in scientific, technological or economic specialisations can be analysed.
Interesting insights can also result from studying relations between scientific, technological and economic specialisations, which can be mapped using conversion tables (see for example Callaert et al.,
In addition to publications, patents and economic performance indicators, other data are relevant for assessing a country's or a region's STIE potential.
Unfortunately, it is very difficult to find regional data that are sufficiently detailed in terms of relevant underlying fields,
ECOOM-Centre for Research & development Monitoring at Leuven University Additional limitations to data analyses arise when considering that regional internationally comparable data especially on economic specialisation are underdeveloped.
A number of indicators for innovation, research and development commitments, complementary investments in related industries, early stage market transactions as well as for interregional and international collaboration deserve more attention in the future.
For example, the ongoing OECD work on global value chains is building national indicators based on the new data available to measure trade in value-added terms:
the OECD ICIO model and ORBIS firm-level data. It could be interesting to explore
'In addition to quantitative data, diagnostic tools can be particularly useful to identify these promising‘activities'not captured by existing empirical material
Web consultations: The development of the information and technology communications (ICTS) has facilitated strongly the connectivity and communication within regions (and inter-regions.
In Poland and The netherlands, the prioritisation process involves citizens through web consultations. Cross-regional governance structure:
Innovation database: In Finland, the Technical Research Centre (VTT) has made a path-breaking research on the sources, nature and development of Finnish innovations.
During the last 15 years the so-called SFINNO project has identified nearly 5 000 innovations and collected data on them.
This database makes it possible to make versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment.
and other regions utilizing the SFINNO database. Source: OECD-TIP case-studies on smart specialisation. The RIS3 KEY for self-assessment at www. era. gv. at (Available in Czech, English, German and Spanish.
Data and indicators to measure specialisation in science technology and employment may help policy-makers in diagnosing apparent strengths,
information channels of communication, staff exchanges and interagency joint programming (OECD, 2012f). ) Some of these new challenges can be grouped as follows:
Growers participate in regional Annual General Meetings and elect panel representatives. The prioritisation process is made up by three regional panels collecting grower priorities
and synthesising these at the National Panel. The regional panels are composed of grain growers, agribusiness practitioners, scientists and the GRDC's Executive Managers,
with a possibility for other industry experts to participate as appropriate. The National Panel is composed of the chairs of the three regional panels, the Managing director and the GRDC's Executive Managers.
Source: OECD-TIP case-studies on smart specialisation These new challenges may help to explain why smart specialisation strategies are still in an early phase in most countries both from a policy development and deployment perspective.
Market conditions Beside the governance challenges resulting from policy processes and capacities, changing market conditions require new,
prospective data and analysis. Selecting and engaging key actors, necessary for their expertise and knowledge, is an increasingly difficult task due to the cross-border, multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral dimensions of emerging activities.
Blood purification systems, tissue engineering, cell therapy, cell biology and physiology, ICT visual computing, building physics and energy systems, Materials, tribology (friction
High Value-added service industry (Global healthcare, Global education services, Green financing, Contents and software and Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events and tourism industry) Brainport Eindhoven Region
Some national governments, such as Finland and Australia, organise regional panels to detect direct needs and to identify emerging opportunities at regional level.
It includes performance data such as publications, critical size, collaborative projects etc. The Monitoring helps to fine-tune the Strategy...
the main instrument is the Brainport monitor, an annual report that analyses the region on about 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant topics like global location trends, raw materials, talent etc.;
a‘follow the money'website. iii) Dashboards that describe the ambition, goals, and activities for every sector, with corresponding indicators and target values.
and explains that the parks are seen increasingly as instruments to accelerate economic development and international competitiveness. 11 With open innovation in the core of Brainport's development strategy-along with new forms of participation,
Evaluation systems are being developed in Poland and The netherlands to monitor Top Sector policies. 17 The way through
published for download at www. era. gv. at. Chorafakis, G. and D. Pontikakis,(2011) Theoretical underpinnings and future directions of EU research policy:
‘OECD Regional Outlook: Building Resilient Regions for Stronger Economies'.'Paris, OECD Publishing OECD (2011),‘Regions and Innovation Policy, OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation'.
and Industry Outlook 2012, OECD publishing http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/sti outlook-2012-en OECD (2012g),
Collection of data is undertaken based on a random sample of approximately 9 000 businesses. The sample was stratified by industry and an employment-based size indicator.
Data from the survey is used to monitor trends in farm innovation, evaluate impacts on agricultural productivity
the data allows the grain sector to develop its own benchmarks for innovation to ensure agriculture does not lag behind the national push to develop broader skills
Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains The GRDC Board oversees corporate governance, sets strategic direction and monitors the ongoing performance of the GRDC.
Growers participate in regional Annual General Meetings and elect panel representatives. The panel prioritisation process occurs by regional panels collecting grower priorities
and synthesising these at a National Panel. The GRDC's three regional panels cover the northern, southern and western grain growing regions of Australia.
They are made up of grain growers, agribusiness practitioners, scientists and the GRDC's Executive Managers,
with provision for other industry experts to participate as appropriate. The National Panel is composed of the chairs of the three regional panels
the Managing director and the GRDC's Executive Managers. Five year strategic research and development plans are developed by the GRDC in consultation with growers in order to capture the medium and long term priorities for the industry in a series of key themes.
iv) monitors international developments in grains R&d and applies them locally when possible; vi) conducts periodic situational analyses of its stakeholder industries;
The GRDC priority setting process utilises a structure of regional panels and grower consultations to establish the key issues for its 24 000 end-users (grain farmers).
http://adl. brs. gov. au/data warehouse/agcomd9abcc004/agcomd9abcc004201203/AC2012. V2. 1 agcommoditiesv1. 1. 0. pdf 25 All figures are in Australian dollars.
Three cluster organisations that had worked previously not together (DSPVALLEY on embedded systems, Pharma. be the business network in the health industry
With Leuven and Aachen, Eindhoven constitutes the core of the European Top Technology Region ELAT.
embedded systems for automotive to advanced medical systems and design, with micro-and nano-electronics and mechatronics being key technologies.
but more in particular to the pivotal role of the regional development agencies BOM (the provincial‘agency'in regional innovation and competitiveness programming) and Brainport Development.
nine top sectors have been selected including High tech Systems and Materials; Life sciences and Health; Logistics; Chemicals; and Creative Industry.
which is in the heart of the new Structural Funds programming period 2014-2020. In terms of vision and ambition Brainport 2020 sets the stage for smart development of the region.
Critical in programming will be the national willingness and ability to (co) finance. Brainport 2020 has been designed as a Smart Specialisation Strategy
Monitoring is done on an annual basis in the Brainport monitor covering 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant topics like global location trends, raw materials, talent etc.
The experience of DSP Valley (a Flemish-Dutch technology network organization focusing on design of hardware and embedded software technology) shows that collaboration is possible
A challenge in view of smart specialisation regional programming is the (so far non-resolved) lack of national public matching funds, also for cross-border collaboration.
Moreover, in the runner-up to the new programming period 2014-2020 current available funding for regional projects is almost zero,
new smart specialisation programming offers a number of advantages for Brainport Eindhoven, of which the opportunities to extend
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 78 OECD 2013 NOTES 31 With open innovation in the core of Brainport's development strategy-along with new forms of participation-,the Eindhoven triple helix
research institutes with core R&d capacities and expensive common equipment were crucial in order to reach minimum critical mass in the region.
Local industrial structure analysis shows Gwangju lacks future core industries. Therefore, in order to prepare for the future,
digital information appliances, automotive and advanced parts, and design. Multilevel coordination and mobilisation of stakeholders: Photonics was the first industry promoted by the central
Priority setting is defined by the Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation for 2007-2013 (PAIDI), the main tool for programming, coordinating
Finally, this Plan takes the programming documents of the National Strategic Reference Framework 2007-2013 into account,
Electronics and Embedded Software etc. Lessons learned and conclusions for policy The lessons learned can be grouped as follows:
and made this a core priority, committing hundreds of millions of support to encourage development
i) more business to business, business to research, research to research, research to community and business to community interactions;
Metrics are evaluated currently against qualitative data gathered from interactions with industry and by gauging community
Qualitative data, in the form of real life success stories help demonstrate to SMES, the value of networks, like SEMIP in supporting regional specialisation.
Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics demonstrates the concentration of advanced manufacturing and high tech firms in the region:
strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Strategic priorities identified by the SEMIP to support the specialisation
In whole Lower Austria a technology network was built up to strengthen lead sites and to help peripheral and structural weak areas.
strategic plans and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem As mentioned in the chapters above, Lower Austria follows the Continuous Improvement Process of the Regional Innovation System Lower Austria NÖ,
Use of data and diagnostic tools: The region's innovation strategy is based on both qualitative and quantitative data
and takes into account local and external conditions. Lower Austria has gone through extensive prioritisation processes thanks to several strategic exercises since the mid-1990s.
Impact of data and diagnostic tools: Lower Austria made positive learning experiences with the establishment of these tools among others,
and prioritisation in the region The regional economy of Upper Austria is characterized by its very strong industrial core.
and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Upper Austria uses a continuous process to identify new potential growth areas to be supported.
http://cemi. epfl. ch/files/content/sites/cemi/files/users/178044/public/Measuring%20smart%20specialisation. doc Forschungszentrum Seibersdorf, W. Hesina
Höglinger (2010 b), Innovation and knowledge sourcing of modern sectors in old industrial regions-A comparison of software firms in Moravia Silesia and Upper Austria, Paper to be presented at the 8th
ii) to prepare the region for the new 2007-13 EU programming period in order to efficiently stream financial funds into the region;
and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem In current process of policy and strategy planning the importance of S3 approach is recognised
and are suited therefore well to be addressed jointly between the partners of European Research Area and with the support of European policies and measures for example through the Joint Programming Initiatives.
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system should be much stronger in the future.
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system is insufficient. Also, the participation and activity of other stakeholders and societal partners (entrepreneurs, civil society organisations) in advisory bodies is low
Tekes Empirical data-on how to articulate regional choices in terms of the national strategy-were collected in a series of 18 regional workshops,
During the last 15 years the so-called SFINNO project has identified nearly 5 000 innovations and collected data on them.
This database makes it possible to make versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment.
since the SFINNO database is significantly richer in content and wider in scope compared to other ones abroad.
The SFINNO database consists of about 4 900 innovations developed by Finnish companies dating back to 1 950.
and other regions utilizing the SFINNO database. OECD 2013 125 Figure 2. 7. Finish Innovations
the VTT SFINNO Database Source: Tekes. Futher information www. vt. fi/proj/shinno Future development for smart specialisation Current status of the specialisation and prioritisation in the region For the past two decades, Päijät-Häme
and strategic lead-market themes for the development of its innovation ecosystem and industrial outlook in the future.
Tekes Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Three thematic top expertise areas were selected by the bodies in Päijät-Häme region as regional platform of practices
The innovative core of the nascent cluster structures is underpinned with a growth-and competition-oriented basis by innovation policy instruments.
Companies in the biotechnology, medical engineering and pharmaceutical industries form the innovative core of the healthcare industry'cluster
The expansion of the cluster is to create new jobs by way of the continuous further development of the innovative core,
The spectrum of the cluster ranges from international companies in the film industry, the creative sector and e-businesses through to data processing and telecommunication technologies.
and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem The capital region's higher education and science landscape is multifaceted and unique.
and are hence able to focus on their respective core competences. The competence and reach of a cluster is expanded systematically in parallel to its growth process.
The activities of the cluster management have to focus on the smaller innovative cores, where the close cooperation of academic institutions and enterprises gives the opportunity for sustainable growth.
and streamlining of the healing process based on the data analysis; and iii) information and visualization: touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information.
These key technologies were incorporated in the updated regional development strategy-the Development Strategy of the Malopolska Region 2011-2020.
ii) Malopolska Economic Observatory which monitors the state of Malopolska economy; iii) Malopolska Social policy Observatory which monitors and collects the data from the area of social policy;
and iv) Labour market and Education Observatory of Malopolska which focuses on gathering information and improving knowledge of the regional labour market and education.
Marshal Office of the Malopolska Region, MSHE Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem The Malopolska Region is currently at the process of updating RIS 2013-2020.
The Multimedia and Information system Cluster in Nowy Sacz (cluster), which is an interregional network of collaboration created at the initiative of the Nowy Sacz Business school National Louis University and medium-sized enterprises predominantly from the regions of Malopolska, Silesia and Mazovia.
Now, the Multiklaster groups television and film studios, producers and suppliers of mobile solutions, software for companies, advanced internet applications as well as interactive marketing agencies.
Comarch Group and Ericpol Telecom. Comarch Group, which was established in Kraków in 1993, has built an international network of subsidiaries and offices throughout the USA, Europe and the Middle east.
Ericpol Telecom (Ericpol) was established in 1991 in Lódz, but since 1995 the company has operated also in the Malopolska Region.
Cisco, Google, Motorola (R&d centre), IBM (R&d centre), HP, Delphi (R&d centre. Stakeholder and policy dialogues to achieve the ambitions One of the main goals of the regional authorities of the Malopolska Region is to engage citizens, especially scientists,
Information about RIS 2013-2020 was put into local and regional newspapers as well as via Internet. The process of public consultations has been divided into many phases.
This type of tools is mostly based on data from the past and present. The analysis can be used by policy makers as the evidence base to support certain domains or clusters.
While the participating policy makers were provided with this data-set for the OECD exercise, it is too early to comment on how it is used by them.
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION OECD 2013 147 Evaluation and monitoring While good progress has been made to collect data
The current state of the art for baseline data profiling for policy prioritisation is developed much more than that for ongoing monitoring.
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 152 OECD 2013 Observing and measuring smart specialisation Data and indicators about smart specialisation are necessary to make those processes
Without metrics, indicators and regular data collections, smart specialisation strategic opportunities will not be discernible and policy makers will be unable to track progress,
Baseline indicator computations and their results are available for all countries and regions listed in Table 1
Baseline indicators for scientific specialisations Indicators A basic indicator for scientific output is the number of publications of a certain country or region, covered in a specific bibliographic database.
Since the coverage and the profiles of most bibliographic databases are subject to yearly modifications, the measurement of regional or national scientific output always needs to be considered in relationship to the development of the database as a whole.
In order to obtain insights in a nation's or region's publication trends, and hence its science base,
Databases One of the most accepted and widely used data sources for the analysis of scientific specialisations is the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE
which is part of the Web of Science database of Thomson Reuters . Whereas critiques can be formulated regarding coverage
and data handling by Thomson Reuters, the multidisciplinarity of the database, its selectivity based on quantitative criteria, the completeness of the INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION OECD 2013 155 address information for all authors, the inclusion of all references and the electronic availability make it one of the most appropriate data sources for bibliometric analyses.
In addition to SCIE, the Web of Science also contains the Social science Citation Index (SSCI), the Arts and Humanities Citation index (A&hci),
and the ISI Proceedings which contain conference proceedings. Another multidisciplinary bibliographic database is Scopus. Officially named Sciverse Scopus, it is owned by Elsevier and available online by subscription.
Scopus covers a wider journal range but it is limited currently to more recent articles compared with Web of Science.
However Scopus and WOS complement each other as none of them is all-inclusive (Falagas et al. 2007;
regionalisation of publication data has made it possible to develop the same indicators on a regional basis. They then represent the scientific specialisations of a specific region vis-à-vis the specialisations of the world's scientific activities.
As the SCIE data do not contain regional identifiers such as NUTS2 or NUTS3 codes, regionalisation of publication data currently requires text mining and programming procedures.
Regionalization of the Scopus data is given even more cumbersome the lower quality of the address information in this database.
The successful application of the Activity Index and of RCR by scientific field strongly depends on the underlying subject classification system,
The data indicate that the country has a persistent relative specialisation in geosciences and space sciences (G), mathematics (H),
Further analysis of publication data for this country can shed more light on these dynamics.
Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge. Baseline indicators for technological specialisations Indicators The most widely used indicators for technological activities make use of patent data.
Despite several issues (see Box 3. 1), patents are still a unique resource for the analysis of the process of technical change and innovation (Griliches, 1990).
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION OECD 2013 157 Box 3. 1. Advantages and limitations of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation The advantages of patent data
as a proxy indicator for technological innovation Patents cover virtually every field of technology useful for the analysis of the diffusion of key technologies (excepted software,
The statistical processing of data is largely free of errors, because patent documents are legal documents in
Accessibility and electronic availability of patent data has eased greatly their use. The limitations of patent data as a proxy indicator for technological innovation Firms differ in their propensities to patent(#patents per unit of expenditure on R&d or just#of patent applications;
Technology fields differ in their propensity to patent; Countries differ in their propensity to patent:
Given that sometimes the levels of accuracy with which those input figures can be defined measured and quantified are low,
and a negative value representing a relative disadvantage compared to the average country or region in the benchmark group. Just as with publication data,
one needs to be careful in interpreting low count data. Regions with very low patent numbers may be specialized relatively in a specific technology domain.
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION OECD 2013 159 Databases For the calculation of the RTA and RTAN-indices, different patent databases representing different patent systems can
Besides national patent systems from individual countries, several supranational databases are available. In Europe, a European patent system has been established in parallel to these national systems.
Data on these European patents are available from the European Patent office (EPO. Data from the U s. patent system is available from the United states Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO.
One important way in which patent systems differ is in their publishing and granting procedures. In the USPTO system e g.,
Twice per year, the European Patent office publishes the PATSTAT database, covering large patent systems like EPO USPTO, PCT, JPO,
as well as about national patent systems data for about 100 countries worldwide. Access to the PATSTAT database is obtained through a license agreement with EPO.
When calculating the relative specialisation of a country or region, a benchmark group of countries needs to be chosen.
The choice of this benchmark group will often be determined by the patent data source used. When using USPTO,
one can use EPO patent data to compare the specialisation profile of Sweden with that of all Scandinavian countries,
It should be noted that the regionalization of patent data, based on inventor and applicant addresses, is not available in patent databases.
However, ECOOM38 and OECD39 have invested substantial efforts to regionalize patents (NUTS2 and NUTS3 level), based on inventor and applicant addresses.
The data show a relatively stable specialisation profile, with relative INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
This indicator is calculated typically with export data (Balassa, 1965), but other economic indicators such as employment, Gross domestic product (GDP), number of newly established firms,
or region in the benchmark group. Databases The successful application of the RCA and RCAN indices by economic sector strongly depends on the underlying sector classification system,
However, international databases on sectoral economic activity often aggregate many NACE or SIC codes into broad overarching sectors,
internationally comparable data is necessary on a relatively fine-grained classification level. For countries, sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data is available from OECD (www. oecd-ilibrary. org/industry.
The OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation database, the OECD databases on Structural and Demographic Business Statistics and the OECD Structural Analysis Statistics database contain many different sector-specific
indicators for economic activity, including international trade, R&d expenditures, birth and death rates, High-Growth enterprises rates, turnover, value-added, production, operating surplus,
Benchmark data can be obtained by summing up sectoral data over all countries in these OECD database (or over a smaller group of benchmark countries if desired.
Also Eurostat publishes ample economic data on a sufficiently detailed sectoral level. The limitation of Eurostat data compared to OECD data is that the benchmarking group pertains to the whole (or a selection) of European countries, making worldwide comparisons impossible.
Unfortunately, on a regional level, it is difficult to find sufficiently detailed, internationally comparable economic data.
The most appropriate data appear to be OECD's regional labour market statistics (e g. number of establishments or number of employees per TL2 region),
which are available for a selection of countries and regions and are aggregated in 37 industries.
Due to limited data availability for some sectors in multiple regions and countries only 32 industries can be used in comparative analyses.
A limitation of these data is that not all industries represented. In a case a region would like to use other indicators for its regional economic specialisation indicator,
it can collect its own data and compare this to worldwide indicators (e g. the sum of nationally available statistics over all OECD countries).
However, in this case, special care needs to be taken regarding data collection methodology in order to obtain internationally comparable statistics.
In Flanders for example, export data are calculated without quasi-transits, while OECD data include quasi-transits,
making international benchmarking difficult. An example Figure 3 below shows the RCANS for an anonymous region in 32 industries according to OECD's regional labour market statistics.
The data show a relative specialisation in Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products, Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products,
more advanced analyses of publication and patent data can point to opportunities in technology development.
Note however that this use of citations in patents to the scientific literature should be handled with the necessary care for validity and accuracy in both analysis and interpretation.
and term frequencies originated from text mining, on the other hand, are usually not sufficient at this level if applied alone.
Similar approaches can be envisaged for the detection of promising new technological domains using patent data.
Data on co-applications need to be interpreted with caution. The location (and hence the region or country) of the application can differ from the location of the invention
Mapping the broader picture In addition to publications, patents and economic performance indicators, other data are relevant for assessing a country's or a region's potential.
For example, sectoral data from the European Innovation Survey and R&d Survey can be used to construct relative specialisation indices,
it is very difficult to find reliable regional data on these topics. Most regional innovation and R&d data does not contain sector specific information needed for the construction of specialisation profiles.
For the mapping of human capital educational data, such as the number of students enrolled in different educational programs could be of relevance.
However, this data should be rather detailed in order to provide insights in potential future specialisations or strengths.
For example, it does not seem enough to know the number of engineering students in a country or region without knowing their specific field of study.
regional internationally comparable data especially on economic specialisations is underdeveloped. In addition, a number of indicators for innovation and research and development commitments, complementary investments in related industries and early stage market transactions,
Burnham, J. 2006), Scopus database: A review, Biomedical Digital Libraries, Vol. 3, No. 1. Callaert, J.,B. Van Looy and C. Vereyen (2011), Descriptive Report:
Falagas, M. E.,E. I. Pitsouni, G. A. Malietzi and G. Pappas (2007), Comparison of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar:
database description, overview of indicators and first applications, Scientometrics, Vol. 33, pp. 381-422. Glänzel, W. and A. Schubert,(2003), A new classification scheme of science fields and subfields designed for scientometric evaluation purposes, Scientometrics, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 357-367.
and licensing data, report for the European commission, Brussels. Schmoch, U. 2008), Concept of a Technology Classification for Country Comparisons, final report to the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), http://www. wipo
Method and scope Because of the complexity of the issue, phone interviews have been chosen as the most appropriate method to enquire with key policy-makers in the countries
and used for the phone interviews. The questionnaire is produced in two versions national and regional.
and preliminary internal discussions by the interviewees were needed to make sure that all questions could be covered during the phone interview.
and discussed at the OECD TIP workshop in May 2012 in Paris. Coverage The following countries
thus ending up in a full coverage of RDTI and economic activities in a country/region;
Blood purification systems, tissue engineering, cell therapy, cell biology and physiology, ICT visual computing, building physics and energy systems Materials, tribology (friction
and streamlining of the healing process based on the data analysis In the area of information and visualization:
touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information. Life science, biotech, biomedicine, pharma, health ICT Environmental technologies, energy Nanotechnology, materials South korea Seventeen New Growth Engines industries:
Value-added service industry Global healthcare Global education services Green financing Contents and software Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events and tourism industry Life science, biotech, biomedicine
In Poland and The netherlands, the process involves citizens through web consultations; in Finland, the national level organizes signal sessions in regions to stimulate the identification of specific niches in line with national priorities;
Often hard data give surprising results and are useful for policy-making; There are no mechanisms to assess technological/economic SWOT on a regular basis,
It includes performance data such as publications, critical size, collaborative projects etc. The Monitoring helps to fine-tune the Strategy...
the main instrument is the Brainport monitor, an annual report that analyses the region on about 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant topics like global location trends, raw materials, talent etc.;
a‘follow the money'website. C) Dashboards that describe the ambition, goals, and activities for every sector, with corresponding indicators and target values.
and captured by existing data or stakeholder action. Actually, the responses to the enquiry suggest that the approach followed puts much more weight on reinforcing existing strengths than on directing efforts towards future opportunities through instilling more radical trajectory changes.
and prospective data and analysis will be particularly important to mobilise. The generic arguments for the necessity of good
The core of this design process lies in the definition of priorities for knowledge-based economic development, identified on the basis of a region's unique strengths and potentials.
and licensing data. 41 Extract from Polish questionnaire: The Ministry of Economy does not want to prioritise sectors.
Every cluster has an innovation core: the R&d field is included in the core of the cluster.
Extract from Dutch questionnaire: The Top Sectors Approach is an integral approach that spans through both R&i and economic domains. 48 Extract from the Basque country questionnaire:
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