Professor Ph d. Popa Ion Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania popaion 2000@yahoo. com Professor Ph d. Dobrin Cosmin Management Faculty
Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania cdobrin@yahoo. com Abstract Romania, a New Member state of European union, has undertaken a complex process to adapt to new conditions and requirements of European market,
. Nicolescu Ciprian Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania cnicolescu@yahoo. com Assistant Ph d. S. Ceptureanu Sebastian Management Faculty Academy
of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania ceptureanu@yahoo. com Assistant Ph d. S. Ceptureanu Eduard Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest
Romania eduard ceptureanu@yahoo. com that innovative efforts within SMES were focused especially on new products (34.87%),new technologies (26.99),
new informational systems and human resources training increase together with the enterprises'size. 2009 International Association of Computer science and Information technology-Spring Conference 978-0-7695-3653-8
ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 0 MARCH 2013 VOL 4
Questionnaires and interviews were used to solicit for relevant data. Collected data was presented and analysed using tables,
bar charts and pie charts as extracted from Statistical Packages for Social sciences (SPSS). The hypothesis test was conducted using the SPSS package.
and inextricably linked to economic ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 1 MARCH 2013 VOL 4
Although entrepreneurs/SMMES may act as catalysts of activity for an entire economy (Chichoni, 2011), many of them fail.
although it remains difficult to asses the true nature of SME failure due to lack of accurate data on this phenomena.
Despite the positive ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 2 MARCH 2013 VOL 4
ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 3 MARCH 2013 VOL 4,
This was supported by Oncioiu et al (2003) who discovered innovation as an important ingredient in this knowledge based society in SMES ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute
and improve some ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 5 MARCH 2013 VOL 4, NO 11 components,
He said that the success of the project depended on management s correctly ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 6 MARCH
with respect to how SMES contemplate their innovation initiatives. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 7 MARCH
He went on to say the perceived benefits may be ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 8 MARCH 2013 VOL
to have a clear strategy ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 7 9 MARCH 2013 VOL 4,
such as formal and informal Rand D, formal and informal (on-the-job) training, acquisition of technological licences, among others. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
whether SMES had the capabilities to ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8 1 MARCH 2013 VOL 4,
Data was collected mainly using structured interviews and questionnaires and analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Studies (SPSS). 4. 0 Results
They stated that radical innovations were viewed as comparatively rare. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8 2 MARCH 2013 VOL 4,
and the following results were obtained. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8 3 MARCH 2013 VOL 4,
and SMES operations sustainability) and accept H1(=ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8 4 MARCH
organizational and ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8 5 MARCH 2013 VOL 4,
or seek information about the supporting institutions such as SEDCO. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8
Organization Studies 13 (3): 375 402. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3
Constructing R&d profiles. http://www. iamot. org/conference/index. php/ocs/4/paper/viewfile/941/Accessed30 September 2012.
11 (6): 610-20. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 3 8 8 MARCH
a study of small to medium enterprises (SMES), Measuring Business Excellence, 7 (2): 78-92. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
and Innovation Portal website at www. transport-research. info. ISBN: 978-92-79-25925-8 doi:
18 6) Policy and research outlook...23 Bibliography...24 Glossary...25 Contents Innovation in urban mobilit y-polic y making
New technologies also bring opportunities for integrating data for journey planning and electronic ticketing, and smart cards to facilitate interoperability between public transport modes.
The site presents information on fundamental research, applied research and demonstration projects, as well as innovative solutions adopted by individual towns and cities.
In addition, the website provides news and tools for policy makers and transport experts. www. eltis. org to boost the development
A dedicated website has been set up to provide information and guidelines on how to develop and implement such a plan
The website also provides information on events related to SUMPS that are organised with EU support. These events include technical training and awareness raising initiatives,
The EU has funded various projects on data collection monitoring and analysis of modal effects, and ON ITS for integrated traffic management and multimodal information.
International Association for Public transport (UITP) Website: www. ebsf. eu Buses to strengthen sustainable urban mobility Innovation in urban mobilit y-polic y making
and authorities access to public transport data from all over Europe by means of common mechanisms, standard rules, and protocols.
Improved onboard e-services with screens providing information on real departure times and disruptions with alternative routes,
electric bikes for better intermodality, library, public Wi-fi, dedicated space for mobile retailers. EBSF can become the core of the transport network for seamless mobility of urban citizens.
Further steps More than 100 bus stakeholders contributed to the EBSF Roadmap, which identifies key areas and priorities for research on bus systems.
In Europe, research is being conducted to develop user-oriented information technologies and optimal channels to meet the needs of different user groups.
and visitors with real-time travel information and transport planning services both face-to-face and via the web.
The EU aims to provide a unique internet portal to facilitate multimodal trip-planning in and between major urban centres in Europe.
Research projects have focused on establishing common standards to ensure that information platforms are openly accessible through various types of mobile devices.
EU-funded research is also developing transport information systems to meet the specific needs of the disabled.
heavy goods vehicle Figure 2. Road fatalities in urban areas in the EU European commission (2012b) CARE-EU road accidents database, January 2012,
EUROPE RECHERCHE TRANSPORT, France Website: www. access-to-all. eu Reference: FP7-218684 Status: Completed Total cost:
STIFTELSEN SINTEF, Norway Website: www. mediate-project. eu, www. aptie. eu/site Bac kgr ound One in ten people in Europe is over the age of 60,
and according to the United nations, 10%of the population has some type of disability. To make transport accessible and userfriendly for everyone,
In addition, a software tool was developed to assess the accessibility level of buses, stations and hubs,
Initiated by the Mediate project, the Accessible Public transport in Europe portal (www. aptie. eu/site) has become the one-stop shop for initiatives, case studies,
The portal uses Europe's largest vehicle database and provides energy consumption and emission data on vehicles as well as an online calculator for lifetime costs of vehicles, as required by the Directive 2009/33/EC.
An internet forum enables procurers to team up in joint procurement calls to achieve economies of scale with larger volumes. www. cleanvehicle. eu CLEAN POWER FOR TRANSPORT In 2013
SINTEF ICT Website: www. smartfreight. infoinnovation in urban mobilit y-polic y making and planning 21 SUCCESS STORY New traffic management framework Concepts
Based on open ICT software systems, prototypes and applications have been developed for activities such as truck access control, dynamic tunnel access control,
These tools are based on open ICT software onboard equipment, heterogeneous wireless communication infrastructure and CALM (platform for vehicleto-vehicle and road-to-vehicle communication) implementation in on-board and on-cargo units.
Specific systems have been designed for monitoring hazardous cargo, which is a major concern for city managers and freight companies.
In addition, SMARTFREIGHT has provided input to standardisation and regulatory bodies such as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
and integrate freight data in urban mobility statistics. 22 Innovation in urban mobilit y-polic y making
Policy and research outlook The EU acknowledges its role in supporting urban transport authorities to meet the manifold challenges posed by the increasing demand for passenger and freight transport.
EU FP7 project, Accessible Public transport in Europe, http://www. aptie. eu/site Bypad (2008: EU FP6 project, Bicycle Policy Audit, http://www. bypad. org CITYLOG (2012:
CARE-EU road accidents database, January 2012, Brussels. European Green Cars Initiative (2012: Public-Private Partnership European Green Cars Initiative, http://www. green-cars-initiative. eu European commission (2013a:
and planning Glossary APTIE Accessible Public transport in Europe portal BRT Bus Rapid transit CARE European road accidents data base CIVITAS Clean and Better Transport in Cities CNG
since its first appearance on the Internet. 862 R. Smits/Technological Forecasting & Social Change 69 (2002) 861 883 Although by no means all economists agree with Shapiro and Hall,
cloning and genetic screening Computers that do not really help to raise the quality of education DDT,
The role of information technology in education of biotechnology for health care and our food, and the significance of new materials for clothing and consumer products and the high level of penetration of high-tech equipment into our homes 9 are only a few examples. 2. 2. Invention
a successful combination of hardware, software and orgware, viewed from a societal and/or economic point of view.
Hardware relates to the material equipment (mostly) involved and software concerns the knowledge in terms of manuals, software, digital content,
tacit knowledge involved in the innovation. Orgware refers to the organisational and institutional conditions that influence the development of an invention into an innovation and the actual functioning of an innovation. 2. 3. Not individually but together:
what at first sight are purely hardware innovations, such as the conveyor belt. Without the extremely radical social, financial and economic innovations that were part
Hughes speaks in this connection of a seamless web 1. Schwarz and Thompson speak of a technology culture.
as well as their consequences for research and management of innovation processes. 3. Sliding panels 3. 1. Introduction Innovation processes are complex societal phenomena that are linked strongly to the factors of time and context.
The emergence of knowledge-intensive services (engineering firms, software houses, knowledge-intensive consultants) plays an important role in this respect.
'Despite this growing core of shared insights, there is also a gap that can be distinguished between two major approaches in innovation studies.
The core of this approach is the actual conceptualisation of innovation as a process in which the generation of variations and making choices alternate.
The fact that the products of network technologies, such as faxes and PCS, become all the more in demand the greater their market penetration
Computer stelt economisch weinig voor (Computers say very little), Volkskrant, 1999 (4 october). 54 J. Lambooy, Economisch paradijs bestaat niet (An economic paradise doesn't exist), Volkskrant, 1999 (27-09-99). 882 R. Smits/Technological Forecasting & Social
The growth of strategic alliances in new core technologies during the 1980s illustrates this situation (Hagedoorn, 1995.
This policy has been influenced by similar successful alliances in the Japanese computer industry. The success of co-operation among small traditional firms in Italy has inspired regional initiatives (Rosenfeld, 1996.
This may explains why firms usually prefer to concentrate their resources toward core activities. To obtain complementary assets,
analysis from a panel of French SMES 4. 1. Research methodology The firms of our sample received public funds to partly finance their innovative activities.
food-processing industry, software industry, building industry and agriculture. The projects which did not fit into this classification belong to the‘other'category.
(2. 6) Construction 2 1 1 0 3 0 1 0 8 (2. 6) Computing activities 1 2 0 0
Communication systems also play a great role to increase organisational absorptive capacity. Firms must focus both on the interface between the departments and the external environment and on horizontal communication among departments.
because data were not fully available for each case. From 1980 to 1987, ANVAR changed its administrative forms.
trends, networks and corporate patterns in non-core technologies. Research Policy 24,207 231. Jacquemin, A.,1987.
the SPRU innovations database revisited. Research Policy 26 (3), 19 32. Von Hippel, E.,1987.
and make little or no use of external knowledge (Wikipedia, n d.).Innovation has been studied in several forms in the entrepreneurship literature.
and represent a major source of measurement error due to the confidential nature of the data and the variance among participating firms (Dess & Robinson, 1983).
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Report on High-Expectationentrepreneurship, London Business school/Mazars/Babson. 3 Bhide A. 2000.
BASF Market research Sony Supplier evaluation General motors Community advisory panels: chemical industry Product stewardship guidance: SCJ External advisory board:
Using data from Germany, BASF factored together energy costs and consumption, purchasing costs, and other environmental and economic factors to develop guidelines on
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but may also be anticipated in other health-related fields as well as nanotechnology, communications and electronics, entertainment, and software.
One example is the open architecture of computer operating systems in the software industry. Businesses within the pharmaceutical industry are looking to different models for addressing human needs in developed as well as developing countries.
Boston November Meeting on Information technology Implications Stuttgart 2001 February Meeting on Information technology Geneva March Working group meeting Montreux May Stakeholder Dialogue:
the status of the data bases built up in functional genomics, and the scope of patent claims on human genes:
How can access to human genetic resources (health data, family histories, blood samples, etc. legitimately be obtained?
and stored in private data bases? Is it legitimate to reserve exclusive access to data bases for just one company?
Frequently, private companies collect genetic materials by appealing to altruism, conveying the message that the good will of the donor contributes to the public good.
With respect to gene sequence data, there is a growing consensus that these data be disclosed and made freely available to all scientists.
Are there reasons to apply that policy to data bases in functional genomics? Can one learn from the model case of the SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) consortium?
We also benefit from a Global network of 38 national and regional business councils and partner organizations involving more than 1, 000 business leaders globally.
To order reports Earthprint P o box 119 Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 4tp England Telephone:(44 1438) 748 111 Fax:(
44 1438) 748 844 Email: wbcsd@earthprint. com Web: http://www. earthprint. com/Graphic design:
Michael Martin Text: Ross Stevens, Michael Rulon, Dawn Rittenhouse and Patricia Solaro Copyright World Business Council for Sustainable Development, July 2002 ISBN 2-940240-27
-2 Printed by Atar Roto Presse SA, Switzerland In the natural world there is no waste.
41 22) 839 31 00 Email: info@wbcsd. org CH-1231 Conches-Geneva Fax:(41 22) 839 31 31 Web:
www. wbcsd. org Switzerland Supply chains as BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Innovation Challenges for SME's Cllr. John Ryan CHAIRPERSON ENTERPRISE AND PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT SUBCOMMITTEE FACT Over 90%of all businesses in Ireland are in the SME sector FACT Last Year of the total Business Expenditure
on research and development 72.4%was carried out by foreign owned firms and only 27.6%by SME's. Forfas BERD 2007/08) FACT If The irish SME sector is engaged not in Innovation The Indigeous Irish Business sector is engaged not in Innovation Agenda Barriers
Commercial vehicle to drive Innovation Further Investigation of Clustering Part-time Innovation drivers Development of more Innovation Centres Thank you for your Time
42 Annex 3. Statistical data...44 Figures Figure 1: main concepts explaining innovation...2figure 2:
when I left to Yogyakarta or set behind my computer. Finally I acknowledge all respondents. 1. Introduction This study aims to understand how firms innovate by absorbing knowledge from local innovation systems and global value chains.
Offering a pink mobile phone in addition to a black mobile phone, for instance already opens up a new market niche.
They also search for knowledge on internet and in articles, periodicals and books. These interactions and searches may be open
Sampling Data is triangulated from three sources: semi-structured interviews, survey and secondary data. Data collection was based on a detailed case study protocol.
I was supported by a research assistant for translation, transcription, administration and logistics. 42 semi-structured interviews were conducted,
comprising 27 firms, 3 experts, 11 major players of the local innovation system and one global buyer.
in first instance banking on the contacts of researchers and internet. They were drawn from all firm sizes,
and were followed up by additional questions by phone when needed. Comments from websites, annual reports, marketing material
and observations were added to the field notes. This comprehensive process provided in depth insight into innovation processes.
The traditional clustering of firms per type of material has been replaced by clustering around market demand.
traditional clusters became part of a larger clustering of firms and the speed of innovation became even faster (Resp. 15;
The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 11 stock as well as a large database of potential buyers.
Exporters are thus significantly more innovative than subcontractors. central tendency bias, acquiescence bias and social desirability bias (www. wikipedia. org, 12-2-2013.
The types of innovation are also comparable to innovations in the furniture, software and bamboo industry in Indonesia (Brata 2009, Greenhuizen and Indarti 2005, Indarti 2010.
By contract, respondent#9 refers to stealing designs from internet. Most firms (40%)change their product design quarterly,
#14) or setting up internet campaigns (resp.##18). ) Many firms started selling locally, as the market in Indonesia is booming.
Public sources include internet, trade fairs, books and articles. The local innovation system includes all actors operating in the locality,
Firms attach the highest importance to knowledge from global buyers and internet. Clearly, knowledge from abroad is considered crucial for innovation.
and searched on internet. Exporters have strong in-flows of knowledge from global buyers, internet and trade fairs, supplemented by knowledge sourced from less important actors.
Knowledge from the local innovation system is of secondary importance. Public sources are more important than would be expected based on other Indonesian studies (Indarti 2010.
However, in a related study on the impact of internet suggests that the impact can be significant (Gaul 2011.
In the past both global buyers and open sources were located primarily in Europe and the USA. As European designs are about year IHS Working Paper 27.2013.
mean sources of innovation (N=100, likert scale) Source of innovation Role in value chain Exporter Subcontractor Combination Total Open Internet*4, 6b 3
as the data received proved unreliable. Innovation creates economic rents, especially relational and product rents. They can be endogenous or exogenous (Kaplinsky and Morris 2000.
The sector thus upgrades, as knowledge is shared within value chains and spills over across chains.
as more innovative firms have a large latent database of potential buyers, a large pool of actual buyers and a large product range4.
I sent a fax to KLM purchasing manager to say that I have to come to the reality that we could not supply the quantity
Displays and designs and exhibitions improved a lot. In the past, the things I liked were made always by westerners.
(computer training, etc) 12 12 IHS Working Paper 27.2013. Innovation in SMES. The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 24 7. Global Value Chains This section analyses whether the embedding of firms in value chains,
IKEA 2008,2010, own data. Firms in Yogyakarta didn't fit the bill, as subcontracting makes it hard to control standards,
During those years there is email exchange and (bi) annual meetings at trade fairs or other meeting places.
mostly in central Java and Yogyakarta (540 in Yogyakarta, Tambunan 2006b. These are traditional activities of local communities where production has long been advancing.
The importance of clustering in economic development has changed radically the past decades for various reasons.
In this study clustering correlates significantly and negatively with innovation. The relationship is linear (a=0. 017, ß=-0. 476, r2=0. 0489.
then poverty-driven clustering no longer has a significant impact on innovation et al (see next section).
Tambunan (2006b) reports other studies in Indonesia where clustering has no significant impact either. IHS Working Paper 27.2013.
The analysis is based on qualitative data. Capacity of non-firm actors and research incentives Interaction with non-firm actors plays a secondary role in innovation.
Knowledge is transmitted in a codified form (emails, letters, newsletters) and in a tacit form (training, trade fairs, associations and extension services.
but as a result the data on the bottom-end subcontractors must be treated with caution.
Social networks and innovation (handicraft industry in bantul, yogyakarta. Munich: MPRA, 28032. Brata, A..2009. Innovation and social capital in the small-medium entreprises:
Supporting specialized hubs in the bangalore software industry. Chen, J.,Y. Chen, and W. Vanhaverbeke. 2011.
Evidence from furniture and software-small-and medium-sized enterprises in indonesia. University Library Groningen.
and interpreting innovation data. Paris: OECD publications. OECD 2006. Comnmunity Innovation Statistics. From today's community innovation surveys to better surveys tomorrow.
Promoting small and medium entreprises with a clustering approach: A policy experience from indonesia. Journal of Small Busines Management 43 (2): 138-54.
339 421.400 Medium silver Salim silver Exporter 45 0 45 105.350 High silver KWAS Exporter 79 79 High wood AS Java
data collection IHS Working Paper 27.2013. Innovation in SMES. The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 42 Annex 2:
The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 44 Annex 3. Statistical data Table 1:
Intelligent Transport Systems in action ACTION PLAN AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (ITS) IN EUROPE Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
and travel data...pp. 8 12 Action area 2: Continuity of traffic and freight management ITS services on European transport corridors and in conurbations...
and ensures that transport can continue to deliver its core role for a thriving European economy in a user-oriented, safe and environmentally-friendly way.
and businesses is at the core of the European transport policy. Today, transport policy is at a crossroads.
and multimodal mobility assisted by smart management and information systems. A transport system can be considered as smart
obstacles or modal integration by linking all sources of data to produce valuable information for transport users and operators.
and travel data Many ITS applications rely on an accurate knowledge of the road network and of traffic regulations like one-way streets and speed limits.
This notably concerns both digital mapping and the provision of (real-time) traffic and travel information services.
Optimal use of data will also facilitate multimodal journey planning. pages 13 16>Action area 2:
and liability issues The handling of data notably personal and financial in ITS applications raises a number of issues as citizens'dataprotection rights are at stake.
Data integrity and confidentiality must be ensured for all parties involved, especially citizens. The provision and use of ITS applications also create additional requirements in terms of liability.
Given advances in data-collection technology and with growing demand for more precise and real-time information, the need for more and better data is increasing all the time.
A key issue is to define the roles of the public and private sectors as well as rules for cooperation on data exchange
traffic information available to public authorities>ensure fair and transparent access to public trafficand travel-related data>promote public private cooperation to improve traffic
and travel information>increase data quality and improve multimodal cooperation>encourage (cross-border) data exchange>TASKS
AND ACHIEVEMENTS The European commission in 2011 completed a study on traffic and travel data access,
with a view to analysing the status quo in the EU and producing draft policy options.
the use of public data; data availability, formats, exchange, and (cross-border) procedures; and legal issues (contracts, agreements, licences, liability.
Harmonisation should make it easier to develop Europe-wide traffic and travel information services. Definition of procedures for the provision of EU-wide real-time traffic and travel information services, addressing notably the following aspects:
provision of traffic information services by the private sector provision of traffic regulation data by the transport authorities guaranteed access by public authorities to safety-related information collected by private companies
guaranteed access by private companies to relevant public data 39>AC T ION 1. 2>A c T I O N 1. 2 I N t
I O N>THE CHALLENGE Accurate road data is needed for in-car navigation devices as well as for travel planners and all kinds of traffic-management applications.
data shortcomings are restricting the ability of in-car systems to consider traffic-management plans
Rules in EU countries on the collection of road and traffic-regulation data have been uneven and often completely lacking.
attributes and data formats for the collection of road data and traffic-regulation data in all EU Member States>establish common minimum requirements
and standards regarding the timely and coordinated updating of this data in all EU Member States>establish common minimum requirements, attributes and data formats for recommended routes, in particular for heavy goods vehicles>TASKS
AND ACHIEVEMENTS Building on the results of the actions on real-time traffic and travel information (Action 1. 1) and on the availability of accurate public data for digital maps (Action 1. 3),
the European commission will launch a study to analyse the status quo concerning road-data collection and the provision and reuse of traffic circulation plans,
>>Today many EU Member States have no nationally binding rules, procedures or format or updating of traffic management-related specifications regarding the provision, quality, road data.
Optimisation of the collection and provision of road data and traffic circulation plans, traffic regulations and recommended routes (in particular for heavy goods vehicles) Optimised collection and provision of road, traffic
and travel data 1 30 I N t E L L I G E N t t R A n s P O R T s Y S T E
The problem has been that the road data needed to produce them is not always available, accurate or reliable, with a lack of rules for timely updates.
The challenge is to ensure easy access to the digital road databases maintained by thousands of European road authorities in a standardised, non-discriminatory and transparent way.>
>identify common minimum requirements of road data for use in digital maps in the EU>define procedures for ensuring fair,
simple and transparent access to this road data for digital map providers>identify common minimum requirements regarding the timely updating of digital maps by digital map providers>TASKS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
A detailed assessment of the state-of-the-art concerning road-data collection for digital maps, and of the technical and standardisation needs, is ongoing.
and existing or planned national and European spatial data infrastructures, the ongoing study will try to provide orientation (s) regarding how a future system could be designed to ensure timely data dissemination.>>
>>For further information on the topi ht p://ec. europ. eu/tran port/its/road/topic of availability of accurate public data for digital maps:
http://europa. transport/action plan/public data en. htm Definition of procedures for ensuring the availability of accurate public data for digital maps
and their timely updating through cooperation between the relevant public bodies and digital map providers,
taking into account the results and recommendations of the esafety Digital Maps Working group Availability of accurate public data for digital maps 1 31 I N t E L L I G
Definition of specifications for data and procedures for the free provision of minimum universal traffic information services (including definition of the repository of messages to be provided) Traffic safety information services 1 32
Using them to get from A to B typically on the web can save people time and money
only limited attempts have been made to build a door-to-door multimodal travel information system for the cross-border European traveller.>
or improved national journey planners in such a way that they can be connected>address issues of data availability,
data sharing (formats) and data quality>move from national systems to a true European door-to-door information system and multimodal journey planner>TASKS AND ACHIEVEMENTS The ITS Directive foresees the development of functional, technical,
a website is to be set up giving an overview of and links to existing multimodal journey planners.
and facilitate the electronic exchange of traffic data and information across borders, regions and urban/interurban interfaces enabling door-to-door
and communication technologies>improve interoperability of computer applications used by different stakeholders>develop a standard framework for freight information exchange covering all transport modes
and tracing using state-of-the-art technologies such as radio frequency identification and EGNOS-or Galileo-based location devices e-Freight>A c T I O N 2. 2>AC T ION
mobile network operators and EU Member States and to facilitate the deployment of a Europe-wide ecall service.>
>equip all new type-approved vehicles with ecall devices>upgrade Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPS) to enable them to handle ecalls>achieve the full-scale roll out of ecall throughout Europe>TASKS
recommendations on mobile communications (implementation of ecall flag in mobile networks; specifications for PSAPS, under the ITS Directive;
as well as increasingly portable devices that are brought in, such as mobile phones and portable navigation systems, the so-called‘nomadic'devices.
and revision of the existing recommendation on safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems the European statement of principles and is looking potentially to develop a set of regulatory measures to facilitate the implementation of the principles.
Development of a regulatory framework on a safe onboard human machine interface and the integration of nomadic devices, building on the European statement of principles on safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems Safe
and communication between vehicles and with the road infrastructure several communication protocols are being developed or have been defined
>support and monitor the work of ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards Institute http://www. etsi. org) and CEN (the European Committee for Standardisation http://www. cen. eu) for, respectively, cooperative systems
and DATEX II (data exchange for traffic management and travel information) specifications>finalise the adoption of required specifications for I2i,
and travel data exchange mechanism by a European task force set up to standardise between traffic control and information centres.
In line with the priorities of the 2009 and 2010 ICT standardisation work programmes, CEN (the European Committee for Standardisation http://www. cen. eu) and ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards
and personal data have possible implications for personal privacy. There may also be security vulnerabilities in electronics and communications systems.
confidentiality and secure handling of data, including personal and financial details, and show that citizens'rights are protected fully.>
>assess the importance of data protection and privacy aspects in the areas and actions of the ITS Action Plan>evaluate which potential measures could be undertaken
addressing the specific data security and data protection issues related to ITS applications and services. Meanwhile, a number of EU-backed research projects have carried out work relevant to the topic,
the project Preserve (Preparing Secure Vehicle-to-X Communication systems, 2011 14) is now addressing this topic as well. http://www. esafetysupport. org/en/esafety activities/>>Preserve:>>
and personal data protection aspects related to the handling of data in ITS applications and services and propose measures in full compliance with EU legislation Data security
and data protection 2 37>AC T ION 5. 2>A c T I O N 5. 2 I N t E L L I G E
But help is at hand in the form of a new web-based decision-support toolkit that will make it easier to find relevant and up-to-date ITS-related information.
You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://ec. europa. eu) or by sending a fax to+352 2929-42758.
Priced publications: via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu). Priced subscriptions (e g. annual series of the Official Journal of the European union and reports of cases before the Court of Justice of the European union:
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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