A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
LEGAL NOTICE By the European commission, Directorate General for Communications networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT. Neither the European commission nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use
The European commission is not responsible for the external websites referred to in the present publication. Disclaimer:
The best way to do this is with a link to this web page. Any of the above conditions can be waived
and Innovation Initiatives 71 Innovative Government Leaves Legacy after the Financial crisis 79 Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis 90 CHAPTER III OPEN INNOVATION 2. 0 IN A REAL-WORLD
and Co-Creation Of value 95 Oulu Innovation Alliance an Open Innovation Ecosystem 105 Smart Fabric to Big data:
and Government officials and key elements of the declaration are being included in output of the Innovation High Level Panel
Martin Curley, Vice president & Director, Intel Labs Europe, Intel. Corp. Foreword 5 Uptake Open Innovation 2. 0 in your projects The Open Innovation 2. 0 concept was endorsed at the Open Innovation 2. 0 conference in May
O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 Acknowledgements Last name First name Company/Organisation email Aarts
of Finance and Public Administration, Spain myriam. corral@minhap. es Curley Martin Intel Labs Europe & National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Innovation Value Institute
martin. g. curley@intel. com den Ouden Elke Eindhoven University of Technology, Intelligent Lighting Institute e d. ouden@tue. nl Golebiowska-Tataj
@umich. edu Rannou Herve Cityzen Data & ITEMS International herve. rannou@items. fr Rantakokko Mika University of Oulu, Center for Internet Excellence, Oulu
Big data, Youth Innovation, Smart Cities and two very special, but interesting, topics on Lawyers in Innovation as well as Drivers for Creativity Based on Humor!
Open hardware development is emerging in tangible products and is very interesting from the investors'perspective,
As example, they analyse the Future Internet PPP funded by the European commission during the period 2011-2016.
Carrol interlinks existing youth unemployment solutions with modern approach of using data (and especially big data) as driver for future growth.
Open data and open platforms create a strong raw material basis for new enterprises and young people to create their own jobs.
especially related to mobile and wireless technologies. The evolution from a successful inwardlooking cluster to ecosystem-centric open approach has been remarkable.
Levy and Rannou touch on innovation ecosystems in lifestyle communities in the Internet of things (Iot) context. Quite an interesting example on wearables and citizen-generated data,
including data management which provides additional value for the community, is discussed. Important boost for this sector to grow is the open plug-in platform for devices both from hardware and system level.
Chatterjee describes quite an interesting approach to entrepreneurship and growth. The Openeyif (Open European Youth Innovation Framework) sets a blueprint for an open innovation ecosystem for young entrepreneurs focusing on Open Innovation as process.
This three-stage new ecosystem creation process is described with very concrete, measurable objectives and timeline.
How do we transform our organisations from data-to design-driven innovation? Or do need we to transform along other axis?
We believe that the intersection of mega-trends such as digitisation, mass collaboration, and sustainability needs is creating a unique opportunity to enable an explosive increase in shared value due to innovation.
Information technology will play a special role because IT can supply the necessary connectivity and enable social networking among innovators
and the communities they serve. There is much that needs to be done to properly establish OI2 in Europe This is why policy-makers must make serious efforts to strengthen the framework supporting open innovation approaches.
such as the Intel. Labs Joint Pathfinding process create mechanisms that are able to span the socalled valley of death that lies between research
Telecommunication networks deployed in the service of increased social interaction are a key characteristic of the OI2 paradigm.
As George Gilder (1993) observed when analysing the power of Robert Metcalfe's Ethernet design,
the value of telecommunication networks grows as an exponential function of the number of intercommunicating nodes (10).
A second core characteristic of the OI2 paradigm is the use of the quadruple helix model where government, industry,
OI2 is enabled by the collision of three mega trends digitisation, mass collaboration, and sustainability. Across the world, Moore's law is colliding with virtually every domain.
The European Internet Foundation's seminal report on our Digital World in 2025 identified mass collaboration as the dominant mega Figure 3:
The pivot of discussion has extended from crowdsourcing to also include crowd funding. Kickstarter, the most well-known crowd funding site, raises on average more than a $1 million a day for entrepreneurs.
In its short history since its launch on April 29, 2009 has raised more than $1 billion from over 880 000 individuals who have contributed to more than 4 000 projects.
which shows that the success of funding on websites such as Kickstarter is correlated well to the amount of contacts one has on social media showing the importance of networking and the network effect.
as abstract as a social networking site, or be an admixture of both. There must be a leader who is much like a theatrical producer.
Today the network comprises more than 300 sites. It is imperative for the Living Labs to create attractive innovation ecosystems following the quadruple helix innovation model (i e.,
and reinforcing the vision with active social network management and orchestration. Russell et al describe innovation ecosystems as‘the interorganisational, political, economic, environmental,
HEE is especially important as according to a report from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, HEE's contribute about 80%of all new jobs created.
supported by other actions focusing on web entrepreneurship, young innovators and interlinking policy actions with H2020 as well.
Interview in Ubiquity, a peer-reviewed Web-based magazine, ACM Publication, December. ubiquity. acm. org.
Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer networks, Communications of the ACM 19 (7): 395 405.
Mulgan, G.,with Tucker, S.,Ali, R, . & Sanders, B. 2007. Social Innovation: What it is, Why it Matters,
Vice president & Director, Intel Labs Europe, Intel. Corporation Chair, Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group martin. g. curley@intel. com Bror Salmelin, MSC Eng.
Adviser, Innovation Systems, EC Directorate General CONNECT Board member, Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group bror. salmelin@ec. europa. eu 19 Open Innovation 2. 0 Fundamental Change in Innovation Processes*Abstract
and a holistic model of User experience (UX) that were created recently within an EU research project named ELLIOT (Experiential Living Labs for the Internet of things).
All use cases appertain to the domain of the Internet of things (Iot) based services. Results show that
The iterative and systematic nature of the XD process, relevance of existing UX elements and value co-creation with users appear to be key factors in reaching a higher rate of adoption of innovative IOT
'Pia Erkinheimo-Mennander, Head of Innovation Crowdsourcing at Nokia, explains (3: innovation failure rates have reached as much as 86 percent,(4) primarily because of the lack of end-user adoption;
fun) and supporting features that would convince a large community of users to adopt an innovative IOT-based product/service.
ethnographic studies, bipolar surveys, log-data analysis, and data mining that allow identifying patterns of behaviour and usages.
see the latest version of the three description tables presenting the experience types, elements and properties of the holistic UX model (13)).
It is targeted not only to evaluate the UX with collected data during the experimentation but also to anticipate it during the co-creation
the Iot based Green Services use case was launched with the innovative idea of getting real-time air quality that leads to multiple usage scenarios involving different categories of users, such as:
Use Cases All use cases belong to the domain of the Internet of things (Iot) based services, namely:
The application use has been monitored through various types of data logs, making it possible to collect data on frequency of attendance and quality of usage.
The activity in the Media scenario experimentation phase consisted of the investigation of the outcomes gained from the co-creation stage and the subsequent development into prototypes and mock-ups for validation.
the issues and considerations emerging from the experimentation stage were discussed regarding the way data was collected,
a smartphone app. and a web portal. This service is evaluated involving volunteer participants into a minimum 3-day usage experience where they wear the monitoring device and use the related smartphone application and web portal.
In this way they are able to monitor their body performance indicators during daily activities. At the end of the experience, a questionnaire based on different aspects was given to each participant to explore the scenario from the consumer point of view.
Personalised Service and Public transport Scenarios were set up in a temporary store where data were collected and analysed together.
help user to become more aware regarding nutritional behaviours (i e. showing nutrient data and healthy diets;
UX model analyses have been carried out based on data acquired from vending machine (such as products or bounce rate.
The Wellbeing Use Case 29 The Green Services Use Case The Green Services Use case managed by Inria for ICT Usage Lab in Nice aimed at co-creating green Iot-based services
with a set of stakeholders on air quality and noise measurement via citizen sensing. During the XD process involving 50 active users,
a platform called Mygreenservices has been designed co with respect of data privacy, offering various green services such as the visualization of environmental data collected by citizen, the alert services via mail or SMS, the ability to download data, the gamified forum for sharing ideas and best practices
in terms of eco-responsible behaviours. Each participant can access to more details of his sensed data.
In addition to the equipped city car, two types of citizen air sensors were provided during the two 16-days experiments:
Social elements for the usage of the Iot system as a persuasive and dissemination tool (specifically the reciprocal elements;
A dedicated area was used for the pilot where all the books were tagged with RFID smart labels
The pilot was using Iot technologies in combination with mobile communication. Mobile handsets were used, and local proximity communication NFC was combined with remote mobile channels,
and retrieve relevant information from back office servers. NFC both its reader-writer function and its card emulation capability was used also for smart couponing services as well. 30 O P E N I N N O V
on an application of ambient intelligence methods and Iot-based technologies namely the Smart Home approaches and devices, into an office environment.
and presence/occupancy (Passive Infra Red motion sensors SE-10, RFID Card Reader of MFRC500 and related components, together with RFID Tags-Cards).
and an embedded computer that remotely communicates with the Smart Office application server, which runs local Linksmart middleware and the Nosql system database.
Figure 9: The Environmental Services Use Case The Healthcare Services Use Case The Cardiovascular diseases (CVDS) are globally number one among those causing death:
But it worked offline, the patient data were Figure 8: The Retail Services Use Case 31 collected in it and Medical Doctor had access to them after certain amount of time.
The first Bulgarian prototype (TEMEO) of the cardio belt monitored online 24 hours per day was developed three years ago by Security Solutions Institute.
methods and techniques for collecting necessary data and for analysing these data in their specific context.
Artefacts 1 1 1 1 4 K4. 1 Group Cognition 1 1 2 Social S1. 1 Social networking 1 1 1
Business B1. 1 New functionalities (Iot) 1 1 2 B1. 2 Automation Level (Iot) 1 1 1 1 1 5
B1. 3 Connectivity (Iot) 1 1 B2. 1 Reliability (Iot) 1 1 1 1 4 B2. 3 Efficiency (Iot) 1
1 2 B5. 2 Availability 1 1 2 B6. 1 User ideas 1 1 2 B7. 1 Data protection 1 1
While the degree of coverage of the holistic model appears quite complete and comprehensible, its complexity in terms of structure and simplicity to instantiate was rated less positively.
The good point is the coverage of the model that was rated as being high. However
when software applications bring new knowledge to people. There could be other dimensions like a‘societal'dimension inn order to assess, from UX point of view,
and application types (e g. mobile, distributed). It also appears that, except for one use case, the model is sufficiently attractive for reusing it in other use cases
Top-down because the holistic UX model guides project stakeholders in foreseeing the types of value and corresponding user experience they would like to design in their Iot related product/service.
and related data that they have to collect and analyse for the UX evaluation. Several experiments demonstrated that the iterative nature of the Experiential Design process
Overall, it has increased significantly the user acceptance and consequently the potential user adoption of the innovative IOT-based services.
This is especially true within innovative domains such as Iot-based products and services where the competition relies on the combination of creating new knowledge while shortening the time-to-market.
and collection/analysis of data whether it is anticipated about, momentary, episodic or even cumulative use.
‘The Usage and the Benefits of Internal and External Crowdsourcing',Open Innovation Yearbook 2011 (4) Barbier, J. et al.
'Webergence Blog Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 (8) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S. 2012.‘
'Proceedings ACHI 2012, The Fifth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, Valencia, Spain, January 2012.12) IS°FDIS 9241-210 (2009.‘
‘User Experience Tables',Webergence Blog Retrieved December 2013 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 (14) Ståhlbröst, A. 2008.
16) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S.,Santoro, R. 2013) A User Experience Framework and Model within Experiential Living Labs for Internet of things, Proceedings of the IEEE International
IEEE Computer Society, WASHINGTON DC, USA, 254-259. DOI=10.1109/ICSS. 2013.35 http://dx. doi. org/10.1109/ICSS. 2013.35 Contact Dr Marc Pallot Senior Research Associate Nottingham University
The next Financial Revolution Is hardwired Introduction The use of mobile phones is growing at a tremendous pace,
It seems to occur that our smart phones are literally becoming the key not only to our virtual world,
This article is about the opportunity for (open) hardware development in the financial industry inspired by open innovation 2. 0 and consumer needs.
human ingenuity at its best. 3d printing is entering our living space, and all kinds of labs including the Fab Labs,
as open design and hardware labs, are giving us access to tools for developing hardware.
At the most recent Mobile World Congress (1), the big trend was wearable technology with new product introductions from companies like Sony and Samsung into this market.
Most of these technologies are using Intel's brand-spanking-new‘Edison'microchip, the company's smallest computer.
It boasts Intel's extremely low-power Quark processor Bluetooth, and Wi-fi connectivity to communicate with other devices.
Essentially, technology should make our lives easier. Wearable technology falls into a long tradition of innovating through the lenses of a customer
and we have seen these new hardware tools popping up due to several reasons. Even software developers, like XL Team in Romania, start to hire electronic designers to prepare for the wearable revolution (2). One aspect is
whenever a massive change occurs in technology or in the interfaces offered to people: you can then expect to find a flurry of innovation.
usage tends to explode (2). Mobile and the Financial Industry Mobile telecommunications have revolutionised the world already,
and promise to play an important role in the consumer of tomorrow. In line with the‘anything, everywhere'attitudes of tomorrow's consumption trends, smartphones have become more accessible, faster,
and more efficient. They are quite literally the pocket gateway to the digital/Internet world,
and people are flocking to them by the minute. If Internet 1. 0 was static websites
and Internet 2. 0 was all about the first social sites designed for interaction, Internet 3. 0 is now about the mobile platforms
and apps that are driving more and more online traffic and more customised user experiences. As noted above, there will be a huge increase of mobile-only Internet users in the next few years, leading to whole new ways of web usage that demand marketers'attention.
Lesson? Go mobile or go home. The consumer of the future carries the power of consumption and choice in its pocket.
Knowing that mobile phones will be very important in the coming years, we want to expand our thinking by looking at the opportunities that the phone as tool can provide,
looking beyond the software and inside technology and enter the world of hardware. We have seen high adoption rates of banking apps,
and the most world known example of mobile money M-Pesa has inspired more initiatives to foster banking facilities among poor and unbanked population.
In 2009 Gartner spoke out that Mobile Money would be the number one mobile application to be in 2012.
We haven't reached that point yet but the momentum is rising very quickly. 39 One of the first disruptive hardware tools built might be Square (2). Jack Dorsey,
the creator of Twitter, was the first to develop a mobile device for banking activities, launched in May 2010.
Square allows users in the United states and Canada to accept credit cards through their iphone and Android phones,
either by swiping the card on the Square device or by manually entering the details on the phone.
Developing a Business model As the current margin for financial institutes is decaying, a new possible business model is very important.
Might the entry into hardware be a good move for financial institutions? Selling hardware is totally different from a service offering.
The costs of revenue is high in any device manufacturing segment because fixed costs, works-in progress and overhead are compared very high
to software. Often, regular hardware and peripherals are being sold at rock-bottom prices. This is the case in the printing industry.
The high mark up items are the software, accessories and ink. It's the same model used by the auto and telecom industries.
Companies like Apple have to sell their, new or upgraded, products again and again within a year or two.
For the software industry micro-transactions for updates are more common and are much more frequent.
And there is a good margin behind it, often close to 90 percent, like with Microsoft. So where does this lead to the financial industry?
Not entering the market? Leaving it to parties like Sumup, Paypal and Square? This might not be advisable.
As we have seen at the recent technology developments, hardware is the new software. Hardware is a good way to create connectivity with the client.
We see a potential huge market that might be beneficial as well: security is becoming a large concern for the consumer.
While users are great lovers of integrated devices, the security issues enhance the need of combining devices to ensure fighting cybercrime.
Some of the existing peripherals could already be used for that matter, others still have to be built. Executive Interview According to Malcolm Harden CEA, Vice-president CGI Federal, Chairman CGI Global Technology Council,
From the two mobile phone world leaders, the iphone5s and Samsung S5 phone have fingerprint recognition.
Who will own that data and who can you trust? On the US market, there is a great bias in National ID card,
and 3d printing doesn't seem to match to this requirement. He expects the healthcare sector to be influenced majorly by the hardware revolution.
Geographically, Central and South america, due to its uncapped economic potential, has a tremendous potential, also in the long term.
Interaction with hardware has a huge potential to change the entire business model of the economic region:
Wearable computing is a game changer, because it represents the hands free technology. In the next 20 years we will tend to have hands free technologies.
Thanks to the Internet, more and more interactions are online and financially driven (ebay, poker, trading. Rationalizer brought ratio into financial decisionmaking.
this kind of devices can be expected to be integrated into peripherals or even brought into the smart phone.
Because of its processing capacity and the visual renderness, smart phones provide an even greater experience.
It is worthy to note that one of the authors of this paper Mr Jaspar Roos, is the cofounder of the concept of Rationalizer
If used as an accessory on the phone fashionability and unobtrusiveness become relevant as well. Fashionability will matter more in consumer wearables.
Most banks have invested heavily in web based platforms. The accessories should be connected seamlessly to their and other banking web platforms.
This will make more sense to the customers, who will experience this as an extension of the integrated system of a financial institution.
the extension of many big data projects to get more out of the datasets governed by financials.
Building an increasingly rich data set with new sensors and measurements will provide enhanced intelligence, customer insights and accuracy.
The user base will create more meaningful data and provide rich community sharing that will only further bolster user loyalty and trust.
'Wayne Gretzky Smart phones are ubiquitous devices, and they seem to integrate more and more sensors and compounds to grow in capacities.
Integrating a wallet into a smart phone needs a high level of security to protect from cybercrime.
Still, a smartphone has to be kept simple for consumers to avoid wrong usage leading to intrusion from a cybercriminals.
In terms of pucks, we see a future for tools specifically designed to enhance the qualities of a mobile phone.
We expect the hardware device to be the next wave in the financial industry. Especially with the NFC chip and other new to come biometrical sensors showing up in phones the coming years,
References (1) Mobile World Congress February 2014 http://www. mobileworldcongress. com/(2) Interview with the founder and the CTO of XL team, Marc van Gent
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Square, Inc. 5) Rationalizer Phillips and ABN AMRO 2009 http://www. mirrorofemotions. com/Contact Dr Gohar Sargsyan
2008 and then morphed into a social, political and economic challenge to the world and in particular to the European union and its core institutions and principles, exposed essential problems and unsustainable developments in many European countries.
and implementation of research and innovation strategies and has been placed at the core of the new European cohesion policy as the main driver for the achievement of the Europe 2020 strategy objectives from a regional perspective.
as well as IBM's Watson Research Centre, Stanford's Centre for Integrated Systems and similar R & D organisations.
of the era of the Internet and more open societies and economies (varieties of capitalism).
Policy initiatives such as S3 allow regional and national policymakers to focus on a number of core processes in the knowledge economy and society,
However, to benefit from these, policymakers should ensure mechanisms such as crowdsourcing and crowdfunding capabilities in instruments,
In addition, the social networking capabilities enacted via the fourth pillar would enhance the likelihood and impact of knowledge serendipity and knowledge arbitrage events('happy accidents')(25).
catalysts and accelerators of exploration and exploitation dynamics) that could substantially empower any Quadruple Helix RIS3 strategy (26)( see Figure 3). Figure 3: 48 O P E N I N
The case study of the technology centre of KETEK, active in a peripheral non-university region, can be considered as positioned at the centre of the innovation system in the region,
They recognise that there is more to innovation than high tech: the Sauna also has design and knitting factories.
and the Baltic states as well as to Boston and San francisco. No more Nokias The student revolution was part of a wider reconsideration of the proper relationship between government and business.
But it was speeded up by Nokia's problems. Finland had become dangerously dependent on this one company:
in 2000 Nokia accounted for 4%of the country's GDP. The government wanted to make the 52 O P E N I N N O V A t
including 300 founded by former Nokia employees. Microtask outsources office work. Zen Robotics specialises in automating recycling.
such as a celebratory blog (Arctic Start-up) and a valley-related name (Arctic Valley. The fashionable argument now is that Nokia's decline is‘the best thing that ever happened to this country'.
'The new Finland is particularly proud of its booming video-games industry, including successful companies such as Rovio Entertainment, the maker of Angry Birds and a leading supporter of the Start-up Sauna,
men with beards and ponytails who take time out from their computer screens to show off their collections of action figures.
Kajak University offers courses in video games. Finns have a comparative advantage in the four things that make for great games bloodsoaked storylines (all those sagas
bold design, ace computer programming and what might be called politely‘autistic creativity'.'The arrival of the ipad and its apps allowed the Finnish industry to break out of its frozen ghetto.
Mr Paananen says he now has the wherewithal to build the‘company of my dreams'.
'Screens on the wall display how Supercell is doing against its rivals in real time. The gamesmasters talk about IPOS and‘massive growth curves'.
used to be Nokia's R & D centre. The mood reflected in the summer of start-ups can be found across the region:
Today fashionable young people worship successful tech entrepreneurs such as Niklas Zennström, the cofounder of Skype,
It raised capital from outside investors such as Microsoft, which chipped in $42m. Rovio now has 500 employees in Finland
References (1) Europe 2020, Economic Governance, website: http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020 (2) http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020/index en. htm (3) http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy (4
http://www. inderscience. com/info/inarticle. php? artid=23374 (further references:(29)( 35)( 40)( 42)( 51)( 60)( 61))(20) Alfonse et al (2010.
, Clark, S.,Valvi, D. 2012) Smartphone Affordance: Achieving Better Business (further references:(38))(24) Carayannis, E g.
, Clark, S. 2011) Do Smartphones Make for Smarter Business? The Smartphone CEO Study, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, June.
further references:(26)( 50))(39) Harmaakorpi, V.,Melkas, H..Knowledge management in Regional Innovation Networks: The Case of Lahti, Finland (41) Foray, D.,2011, Smart specialisation:
-regionalinnovation-smart-specialisation-strategy http://know-hub. eu/blog/involving-enterprisesin-the-design-of-a-ris3-strategy. html http://errinnetwork. eu/content/importance-keyenabling-technologies
work, and entertain as in the case of the Internet (1). Creativity, Invention and Innovation Regarding innovation,
Barriers to US venture investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013 Some of the questions raised in the debate were as follows:
Some business-related‘catalysts'activities foster innovation linked with entrepreneurial activities in the industrial setting.
which often compete on the market Siemens, Ericsson and Nokia. EIT ICT Labs leads a collaborative effort to work on industry standards.
as per the case of GSM technology. The KIC also supports entrepreneurs. It is working on a new finance facility with the European Investment Fund.
The CLC Iberia office is located within the UPC campus in Barcelona in the same building as the creativity departments of Intel and Gallina Blanca.
Barriers to US venture investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013.8) EIT Call for KICS (2009).(9) Taleb, N.,(2010), The Black swan:
As an example we consider the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership programme which runs 2011 2016
and is based on developing a Future Internet service platform with wide application and exploitation opportunity.
The European commission continuously monitors and adjusts its instruments for addressing the identified grand challenges, and achieving the mutually set strategic goals for research and innovation through large scale initiatives like the Innovation Union strategy and the European Digital Agenda.
and more recently the Future Internet, demonstrate a potential evolution over time into open ecosystems of their own.
In this context we address the example of the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership (FIPPP whose aim is to enhance Europe's future competitiveness by accelerating the development and adoption of Future Internet technologies in Europe,
thus advancing the European market for smart infrastructures and increasing the effectiveness of business processes (1). One of the interesting features of the FI-PPP programme is that it develops a European level common technology platform offering generic, reusable software components
and services, thereby enabling developers across Europe and globally to build, prototype and test their own applications in a range of business and societal sectors, for example within smart city environments.
The Future Internet Public Private Partnership The Future Internet PPP Programme is a five-year, EUR 600 million, industry-led partnership among 150 leading European
Future Internet actors. The forming decisions regarding the FI-PPP programme were made at the time of deep recession in Europe,
The programme objectives emphasise a holistic approach to Internet business development, including the identification of opportunities for standardisation, policy contributions and emerging business opportunities from cross-industry collaboration.
and technology platform (FI-WARE) as well as common software components called‘generic enablers'aiming for wide use across a range of sector applications,
The FI-PPP platform concept aims to support stakeholder roles in the future Internet value network, in particular technology providers, infrastructure providers, integrators, service providers, application developers and users.
For a particular application environment, e g. a smart city, application developers will be able to use FI-WARE technology to build Future Internet applications.
including Deutsche Telecom, Orange, Atos, Telefónica and Nokia Solutions and Networks, as well as actors from vertical application sectors, like Technicolor, BBC and Disney.
such as the engagement of a variety of actors from different sectors and representing both demand and supply side, the creation of‘use case'projects piloting Future Internet technologies and their application in real-life settings,
The fact that the FI-PPP ecosystem is built around a Future Internet technology and service platform brings interesting implications with it regarding ecosystem building, open innovation, and governance.
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple) show, the platform owner potentially gains substantial advantages in terms of value creation and market dominance.
I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 flat model emerge as in open source communities,
which can lead to the creation of core and marginal communities with various rules and levels of commitment within the ecosystems.
and finalised with the representatives of all FI-PPP projects (Figure 2). The collaboration model emphasised transparency and access to data for all parties.
CONCORD, together with a task force of lawyers from all major stakeholders, drafted a contract and collected feedback from all participants in two rounds of iterations by structured template by email
and mass teleconferences in May 2011. The major topics were the use rights and licensing terms for the developed technologies,
The main collaboration and events were organised within the European Future Internet community. Moving on to Phase 2 with a new set of Use Case projects and several new partners,
Acknowledgments The CONCORD project is the programme facilitation and support action of the Future Internet PPP programme
References (1) European union (2013),‘Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Work Programmes 2011 2013'.'FI-PPP's website is:
http://www. fi-ppp. eu. 2) FI-WARE website: www. fi-ware. eu; FI-Lab:
http://lab. fi-ware. eu. See also: https://www. fi-xifi. eu/fi-ops. html. 3) Jackson, Deborah J.,‘Jackson (2011),
13) Interim Assessment of the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership, ISBN: 978-92-79-19895-3 Contact Dr Petra Turkama Director Centre of Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) Aalto University, School of business petra. turkama
job protection and job-training stimulus. Fiscal policy was at the core of the Chilean government response to the crisis,
and the terms of trade rose by 2. 9%.The Australian economy grew by 1. 2%during 2009 the best performance in the OECD (5). The outlook for private business investment improved,
and documents detailing each proposal are available through the Finance Ministry's website. This transparency orientation has been strengthened by the stipulation of a national transparency law in June 2009.
and data records (3). In addition, government policies did not introduce distortions in specific economic sectors;
E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis
In fact there are plenty of data-driven companies, companies whose raw material is information and whose boundaries are no longer geographic.
Social network or crowdsourcing businesses reflect these new business models and a new philosophy where Internet is the natural environment in
which business are conducted. Citizens The innovative thinking has to lead to more and better services demand.
Data as Raw material Innovation models and paradigms exist to help in the process of reinventing. One of these models is the‘combination innovation model'consisting of the mixture of elements already existing in a way that had not previously been done before.
Can we imagine a Europe that is leading in the analysis of the data? We can prepare our students to be the leaders in extracting advantage of data analysis Europe is a knowledge-intensive society
but mostly is a data-intensive society. The data begin to be seen as a commodity very capable of generating wealth
and under the new‘Big data'phenomenon lays an opportunity to create value and benefits for society, business and citizens.
According to an IDC study only 1%of the world's data are analysed (6), while organisations are increasingly dependent on them (7)
and experience indicates that when business decisions are based on analysis of data they are smarter,
more precisely targeted and therefore can be translated into economic benefit. However, the main drawback for data analysis at this time is the lack of trained people.
Data analysis requires very comprehensive and multidisciplinary skills and consequently there is a clear opportunity for employment.
This opportunity is tailored to our society: we have the people, the data and the academic strength to provide analytical skills to fill the gap between offer
and demand taking advantage of a new economic asset comparable to gold in words of the Word Economic Forum (8). 93 This opportunity also have to question us with a little bit of self-criticism
and analyse reasons why we have not taken measures to anticipate demand and prepare our students to be the best in data analysis.
Social benefits of data analysis In addition to the benefits in terms of employment intensive data analysis can also be beneficial to our society.
These benefits can be summarised under four points (8). Possibility to notice what is happening before the official indicators For example,
data from cell phones are particularly interesting because they are the only way people with fewer resources interact with technology.
Analysing this data can help us to understand behaviour patterns of the excluded sectors of the population,
Otherwise the particularities are buried within the global population data. The health sector continually strives to reconcile cost reduction to sustainable terms
while must meet a growing demand for an aging society with great expectations in the care of older people is a good example of how can be based on analysis of these data to better understand patterns in the field of health and stop bad
if US healthcare were to use big data creatively and effectively to drive efficiency and quality,
government administrators could save more than €100 billion ($149 billion) in operational efficiency improvements alone by using big data,
not including using big data to reduce fraud and errors and boost the collection of tax revenue.
Leading and Managing Patient theirhealthcare through EHEALTH (11) which is a compound of 7 demonstration pilots based on the concept of secure and user friendly online access by citizens to their medical/health data.
From the analysis of this data it will be possible to extract useful patterns of behaviour.
4 from data analysis to better matching between purchases, subsidies and production predicting and ensuring stock for instance.
Data analysis: the job for data scientists. First we should define what a data scientist is.
One of the most complete definitions is from Jeffery Stanton, Syracuse university (12) who refers to the Science of Data as an‘emerging area of work related to the collection, preparation, analysis, visualisation, management and preservation of large amounts of information'.
'This definition gives a rough idea of the variety of knowledge that includes this new discipline:
Computer skills as query languages, database design, mining and interactive data analysis, scripting or programming languages, expert systems and machine learning, etc.
Knowledge based on mathematics like relational algebra and statistical but also predictive analysis and pattern matching, etc. Knowledge of data visualisation techniques, this being a very interesting field.
One of the main problems in this area is how to translate the sea of data to information to the decision.
The human eye is the main transmission channel and to be more effective techniques are developed to more effectively convey information.
The data scientist is a specialist in handling the information and his purpose is to exploit the data to extract information.
The intensive exploration of bulk data has become a key to competitiveness and growth in Europe.
It is required to place the workforce in an advantageous starting point providing them with the necessary analytical skills.
References (1) Dans E. El ocaso del empleo, de Jordi Serrano y Santiago García (Internet.
Big data, Bigger Digital Shadows, and Biggest Growth in the Far east; IDC; December 2012; Available from:
http://www. emc. com/collateral/analyst-reports/idc-the-digitaluniverse-in-2020. pdf (8) Big data Big Impact:
http://www. weforum. org/reports/big data-bigimpact-new-possibilities-international-development http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF TC MFS Bigdatabigimpact briefing 2012. pdf (9
) Talbot D. Big data from Cheap Phones (Internet. 2013; Available from: http://www. technologyreview. com/lists/breakthrough-technologies/2013/10) Manyika J, Chui M.,Brown B.,Bughin J.,Dobbs R.,Roxburgh C
.,Hung Byers A. Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. Mckinsey Global Institute; 2011.
PATIENT Leading and managing their healthcare through EHEALTH (Internet. Available from: http://ec. europa. eu/information society/apps/projects/factsheet/index. cfm?
project ref=297260 (12) Stanton J.,An introduction to Data science (Internet; 2012. Available from: http://ischool. syr. edu/media/documents/2012/3/Datasciencebook1 1. pdf Contact Myriam Corral Guinea Supervision Area Chief Gambling General Directorate Ministry
Instead of merely asking,‘How can we use information technology to make driving safer and more secure?'
How can information technology improve the driving experience, whether during a long commute, a crosscountry drive,
which demands wireless connections via satellite and telecommunication networks to common monitoring stations. Onstar's current capabilities are very impressive.
The hardware and software requirements and the quality levels needed to deploy Onstar safely as a vehicle-based application are quite impressive,
GM has gone a step further by opening up the applications programming interface of its automotive cloud platform that enables Onstar-based services to developers.
4 applications programming interface, Relayrides allows renters to use remote features with their smartphones, such as unlocking vehicles remotely to access the reserved car.
making it already the largest and most advanced biometric database in the world. At a fundamental infrastructure level, UIDAI Aadhaar illustrates how the public sector can potentially enable
Enterprises that become part of the UID applications ecosystem get an authentication service via UIDAI confirming almost immediately the identity of any individual through an advanced technology infrastructure that checks incoming UIDS and biometric information against its database.
in some states, existing databases of the Public Distribution System, the Indian food security system, exist only in the form of offline document files.
These files must be converted into an online database before they can be linked to Aadhaar. There is resistance to this change from some quarters.
The concept of Aadhaar as an electronic cardless identity has spawned also concerns about data privacy, viability, intent,
and social media can take on a life of their own. Citizens need to be engaged actively in a dialogue about the initiative to ensure that concerns about functionality
and an open applications programming interface that allow any service provider to participate in the Aadhaar ecosystem by developing an application that utilises Aadhaar as an authentication method.
Airports, like cities, also require a common open operating system that allows for the sharing of data between artifacts
and presenting that data as information in the right way and on the right devices to benefit
In the past, we have defined rarely sites in a way that would permit joint exploration of organisational or network architecture (13.
The emerging alternative position operates from the premise that the real power lies within the relationships among multiple distributed sites that are both collectively and individually adjustable.
Thanks to the world wide web, social media and advances in mobile and interactive communications and information technologies, networked individuals around the globe are no longer passive and docile recipients of dispensed instructions and development assistance.
They are active participants and collaborators in the value creation process and co-creators of solutions with a wide range of private, public,
A website (www. agenda2020. org. br) was created with an online public forum and open access to every presentation or discussion topic from the agenda to democratise the governance process moving forward.
with periodic‘feedback on the feedback'via updated newsletters and blogs as part of an ongoing conversation and continuous recalibration of the national agenda.
academia and the City of Oulu (4). These innovations include a number of‘global firsts'such as first NMT network (1981), first GSM base station and GSM phone call (1991),
The selected innovation sectors were cleantech, future Internet, printed intelligence and wellbeing technologies. All of these sectors were recognised not only as a global growth sectors
and innovation centres Center for Internet Excellence (www. cie. fi), Printocent (www. printocent. net), Center for Energy and Environment (www. cee. fi), Centre for Health Technologies
Example of Oulu Innovation Alliance Innovation Centres and Open Innovation Center for Internet Excellence CIE) The mission of CIE is to actively drive co-creation of next generation Internet
and create Internet-driven growth opportunities and value by combining cutting-edge research innovations with agile new business creation processes.
Focus is in new technology of Future Internet which is linked closely with user-driven innovations and open innovation processes.
In the field of 3d Internet the platform is called realxtend (8). The development of realxtend was started in 2006
and it is now spread globally as an open-source choice for virtual worlds. CIE with its collaborators is involved now in European Future Internet project FIWARE to further develop the platform,
and to make it as a standard for 3d Internet. In addition to the platform development CIE is aiming its activities to find sectors where 3d Internet would provide maximum value added.
In this context there are projects which are related for example to teaching/learning and tourism. Living Lab Activities in Oulu One part of CIE open innovation and end-user perspective consists of its Living Lab activities;
CIE has been developing Oulu's Living Lab activities under Figure 6: Oulu Innovation Alliance Open Innovation Structure PPPP Figure 7:
such as PATIO forum Online forum for collecting user's opinion at the moment the forum has more than 700 users from all age groups from 18 to 85 (10) panoulu Network of Public Wireless internet
access covering broadly the Oulu city area with 30 000 users/month of the hotspot network (11) UBI hotspot Network of interactive public displays for collecting citizen's opinion with 30
and involving users in the development TTKAAKKURI Product testing platform in the real healthcare environment Converging Networks Laboratory Wireless network testing From the city perspective the user's involvement provides excellent
City of Oulu has opened also its databases in the open innovation spirit to be used for example for product development purposes (12.
Related to the 3d Internet there is also an open-source virtual environment under development Oulu 3d model
which can be used as a platform for development environment and access point for new services. One example of the city's activities in the field of open innovation and user involvement is the development of a new district, Hiukkavaara,
For example, an essential part of Nokia's success was built on this approach and close collaboration. The research-innovationbusiness process makes it possible for researchers Figure 8:
as well as Oulu's excellence in the field of interactive 3d Internet will lead to establishment of a close and interactive international network of innovation ecosystems.
Smart Cities as Innovation Ecosystems Sustained by the Future Internet, FIREBALL FP7 project White paper,(Online), Available at http://www. scribd. com/doc/94651094/FIREBALL-White-paper
/en/info (11) http://www. panoulu. net/(12) http://www. ouka. fi/oulu/english/open-data (13) http://www. cnbc
Contact Mika Rantakokko Vice Director Center for Internet Excellence, Oulu Innovation Alliance University of Oulu mika. rantakokko@cie. fi 111 Smart Fabric
to Big data: from One Innovation to Two Promising Businesses Introduction The Internet of things is now a reality.
After many years of works and debates, the world of connected objects faces a tremendous increase in innovations and market products.
The retail market including RFID Tags and the associated supply chain was considered the most promising 2008.
your keys, your mobile phone, and your clothes. Many of us are prone to forgetfulness and sometimes forget our keys, phone,
or both but never our clothes. This simple idea is key: the future challenge for Cityzen would be to introduce sensors within the fabric of clothes with the objective that the users will be able to forget the presence of all these technological components.
and provides advanced fabrics to major brands and professional sectors (cars, industry), Telecom Bretagne (5)( Mines Telecom Institute group),
On the technical side, Cityzen Data developed relationships with CEA LETI in Grenoble. A consortium was finally set up to apply for public funds from OSEO (which is now BPI France) with the name of Smart Sensing.
This evaluation matches with figures published by market research companies like Juniper (Smart‘Wearable devices to be worth $19 billion by 2018')(10.
By the end of the decade, the worldwide mobile health market is expected to grow to $49 billion, according to a new study by Grand View Research (11.
The Critical value of Data Management Cityzen Sciences understood early on that the value of technology and services would come from data analytics such as:
How to combine data from different sources? How to consider the historical profile of each user?
Finally, Jean-luc Errant and myself decided to launch a company dedicated to addressing these key issues focused on the Smart Fabric market with Cityzen Sciences,
We were fortunate to meet Mathias Herberts who has a solid background in data management and analytics.
'Time series are going to become the new key paradigm for data originating from sensors. Traditional databases are adapted not to this market in spite of claims to the contrary.
Cityzen Data has developed a very innovative solution for managing data and geolocation in the same series:
a set of advanced functions and a language to clean, manipulate and analyse data; to detect patterns or weak signals. visualisation tools, a library of APIS.
Today Cityzen Data is in negotiation with several major groups including some that already have a platform to manage Data.
Cityzen Data does not address vertical markets. It just provides an advanced technology to manage data to any players that want to use data analytics across all business sectors.
Towards European Partnership Cityzen Sciences has established high level partnerships with major groups in Europe who consider that the technology developed by Cityzen data is advanced more than other tech providers.
Some initiatives should be announced in the next few months in Europe and China. Finally with the help of BPI France, we have succeeded in launching two promising companies by setting up one innovative project.
We have now to prove that customers will make them a reality. This is a challenge
which Cityzen Sciences and Cityzen Data are excited to face. Horizon 2020 is now coming with its priorities and its series of calls.
It could give us new opportunities to develop new innovations that could strengthen our position on the market.
For Cityzen Data, the point is to balance our time with our trust on the evaluation process.
Our geo time series technology does not address the final usage of Big data but the way we manage the data itself.
It is not necessarily the most sexy even we consider that the key factor of success after discussion with potential clients.
2) versatile sensors and actuators integrated in electronic textiles 3) platform, architecture, big data analysis and visualisation solutions for novel sport and health solutions,
‘Internet of things'all the rage at Consumer Electronics Show. CBS Moneywatch January 7, 2014 http://www. cbsnews. com/news/Internetof-things-all the-rage-at-consumer-electronics-show/(2) Nunes P.,Downes
Forbes January 10, 2014 http://www. forbes. com/sites/bigbangdisruption/2014/01/10/the-five-most-disruptive-innovations-at-ces-2014/3) http://www. eolane. com
(4) http://www. groupepayen. com (5) http://www. telecom-bretagne. eu (6) https://www. telecom-bretagne. eu/recherche/reseaux et laboratoires/labsticc
Mobile Smart Wearable devices to be worth $19 Billion by 2018. Juniper Research October 15, 2013 http://www. juniperresearch. com/viewpressrelease. php?
pr=405 (11) http://mobihealthnews. com/30616/global-mobile-health-market-to-grow-to-49b-by-2020/12) Electronic textiles
or smart textiles, are fabrics that enable digital components (including small computers), and electronics to be embedded in them.
Many intelligent clothing, smart clothing, wearable technology, and wearable computing projects involve the use of e-textiles.
Contact Sébastien Lévy Partner Items international slevy@items-int. eu Herve Rannou CEO, Cityzen Data CEO, ITEMS International.
Cityzen Sciences and Cityzen Data strategic consulting partner. herve. rannou@items. fr 116 O P E N I N N O V
A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 The Open European Youth Innovation Framework (Openeyif) Abstract The European Young
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation. Background, Concept and Objectives EYIF's Openeyif leverages Open Innovation processes
products and services makes the following essential observation about the core idea that is the basis for the Openeyif concept:
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation. The best ideas and early-stage projects will be awarded seed grants (below EUR100 000) and crucially,
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation using a three-stage integrated framework approach based on Open Innovation mechanisms targeting new constituencies of young innovators i e. between 18 and 30 years,
i e. the Young Innovators Community, Tech and Open Data Communities, the Open Innovation, Open source and ICT Infrastructure Community and the Start-up Ecosystems in different networks around Europe to submit their innovative ideas within the subsequent Open Calls.
At the exit of the incubation programmes the grantees will share their experience with the communities they had emerged from, contributing to the amplification of their experiences and leading to the engagement of more and high quality applicants during the second phase of the Open.
reaching the target groups (identified below) through multiple channels, both direct and indirect, online and offline:
The Openeyif implementation project website and websites of the incubators and their ecosystem actors, social media networks, blogs, specialised discussion forums, technology news sites and through targeted advertising (e g.
Facebook and Google ads; Public platforms: relevant European commission Portals, National and Regional Government sites; Indirect:
communicating through the respective networks of Openeyif implementers, such as EYIF's Regional Innovation Hubs; In person:
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation. The Openeyif foresees a cross-border,
Abstract The lighting industry is in transition from a hardware only industry to a full solution and services industry.
With the growing availability of all kinds of data on the one hand and flexible lighting systems (with sensors and controls) on the other there are many opportunities for new business with services in lighting.
such as in the design of lighting services and in the development of software applications for smart solutions:
and require different skills than the traditional ones in the hardware related industry. Introduction Last year, in the Open Innovation Yearbook 2013, we presented the case of participative innovation in smart urban lighting,
Technological developments include an upgrade of the public lighting infrastructure and system by connecting to ICT solutions.
Nowadays it also includes Internet connectivity as well as wireless solutions. In the coming years, the infrastructure will become a dense network to enable the connection of all kinds of devices
and communicate all kinds of data. Devices The number of devices is growing rapidly. Traditionally, devices in public lighting contain public lighting luminaires and traffic lights.
interactive displays, touch screens, and smart phones. Many devices collect or use data and are connected therefore (the Internet of things).
ICT On the ICT level the connection is made with data and software applications. The data that is collected through different devices contains e g. time, people counting or proximity measurements, weather information, movements, energy consumption, camera data, etc.
Mashups and data analytics will lead to insight in emerging patterns or correlations that can be used for various software applications.
Services At this level meaningful services are developed that provide value for the relevant stakeholders. In urban lighting there are often different stakeholders that use the area, with different needs and wishes.
The ultimate goal of urban lighting solutions is to create value for societal stakeholders by creating a healthy and liveable city.
Smart lighting can offer valuable services for different stakeholders using the ICT based lighting platform.
In this four level model, technology is considered an enabler. Technological developments create new opportunities for applications.
These applications become meaningful when they address relevant societal needs. In the coming years innovation will take place at all four levels.
securing intellectual property and providing hardware to the market. This hardware will become mainstream, easier to produce in lowcost countries
and will create little jobs in Western europe. However, in the field of meaningful applications designed to address societal needs there are more opportunities for new jobs, especially in the domain of developing new services with lighting.
The type of jobs is shifting from hardware related jobs towards the design of lighting services as well is to the development of software applications for smart lighting solutions:
and require different skills than the traditional jobs in the hardware related industry. 121 The development of meaningful applications requires a changing attitude interconnecting the different levels:
1. Open platforms, open data and open knowledge make new connections possible. By linking data
and integrating various perspectives new solutions for societal needs emerge. Data analytics becomes an important element to identify emerging patterns and spot new opportunities.
It also enables to determine the impact of solutions. The technical challenge lies in the selection of the required devices to efficiently
and effectively collect data and integrate all data into a total system. 2. Innovation driven by societal needs requires the active involvement of all stakeholders to find solutions that cater for their different needs.
This project is a collaboration between the city of Amsterdam, Philips Lighting, Cisco systems, Alliander and the Intelligent Lighting Institute.
or streamed to the web by the video camera that is normally used for people. This virtual stage can be promoted in connection to events in the area
The hardware infrastructure allows for such flexibility. Increasing Safety in an Entertainment District The city of Eindhoven is currently implementing its vision and roadmap for urban lighting.
In the living lab a‘base camp'has been opened recently where data from various sources is collected
The data that is collected contains a number of real time measurements such as: 3d sound measurements to identify noise levels and the direction of the noise,
social media watching to identify how Stratumseind is being mentioned, and counting people entering and leaving the area to establish the bustle.
Other data is collected with a delay, such as: police reports on incidents, determination of origin and counting of mobile devices to establish where groups of people come from,
litres of beverages consumed by collecting data from the breweries or amount of waste thrown in the street measured by the cleaning service.
Correlating the data on the incidents to specific parameters is done to predict when there is a higher risk for escalation.
Historical data from past incidents is used now to find such correlations. Based on the determined risk level, lighting scenarios are activated.
For this purpose different lighting scenarios will be designed that aim to diffuse the escalation and in the living lab their effectiveness will be researched.
The analysis of data of different nature and combining patterns to create new insights is a key element in this case.
This requires new skills for data scientists. With these insights lighting scenarios can be designed and tested on their impact on the mood and behaviour of people.
New Professions Looking at the two cases presented above we can see a shift in the type of skills required from the more hardware related to new ones that focus more on the ICT and services part.
the data scientist and the dynamic lighting service designer. Data Scientists Data scientists know how to gather data with the Internet of things.
They know what combination of 124 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 sensors
and data gathering is required to obtain relevant data and how to register the data. They also know to apply the various models,
theories and tools to add and extract value from sets of the gathered heterogeneous data.
They turn data into information. What is also relevant in the context of smart urban lighting is to use this information to understand
and influence human behaviour. The data scientists bridge the technical competences and the social sciences. Dynamic lighting service designers These designers need to be able to empathise with the different stakeholders.
In comparison with traditional designers, who focus mainly on users, they need to extend their scope and research the needs of a wider range of stakeholders.
The renewal rate for the software and applications is even shorter. The data scientist might find new emerging patterns that spark the development of new applications.
New applications are launched daily in the smart phone business. Similar renewal rates may apply for software applications build on open platforms in the field of smart urban lighting.
Also the renewal rate of services will be relatively high. New applications will give rise to the need for new lighting scenarios.
Moreover, even when there are no innovations on the other levels in the system, regular new lighting scenarios will be needed to keep an area interesting and inspiring.
Yet, despite our awareness of the core assertion of open innovation thinking that‘the assets necessary for creating innovation will not necessarily be collocated with those for commercialising them'our openness to harness the power of the crowd has embedded not itself as widely
When entrepreneurs tap into larger social networks to pitch an idea, they begin to create mindshare
The Web 2. 0 economy has transformed fundamentally the way people interact and communicate. Geographical boundaries are no longer real constraints for organisations.
Wikipedia. With 23 million articles in 285 languages and over 100 000 authors, Wikipedia is a testament to the collective power of individual minds and to the innovative spirit of crowd wisdom:
had we been tasked with predicting the success of Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,
as Microsoft is funded a well company with extensive resources and an established infrastructure. Yet reality shows the opposite:
with 365 million readers, Wikipedia is now the world's go-to source for knowledge,
and that knowledge comes from authors all over the world, working for free for a cause they believe in.
Wikipedia is the tipping point for the power of the modern crowd. While the key illustrations here support the notion of looking outward for innovation and value,
One useful visualisation tool to illustrate this is one developed by IBM's Institute for Business Figure 3:
IBM graphic Source: IBM Institute for Business Value analysis, 2012 131 identify the practical application of the distinctive crowd asset classes that may have value for us.
Let us consider some of the generic opportunities that present themselves. As demonstrated in our examples,
one obvious opportunity is crowdsourcing. If Henry Chesbrough coined the term‘open innovation, 'Jeff Howe coined crowdsourcing
and there is a strong philosophical connection between the two concepts. According to Jeff Howe,‘crowdsourcing represents the act of a company
or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call.
While large cap organisations like Proctor & Gamble or GE utilise open innovation and crowdsourcing to breakthrough new products,
A subset of crowdsourcing contains the concept of crowdfunding, a practice we have referred already to as a manifestation of the disruptive possibilities of the crowd asset economy.
defined as the collective effort of individuals who network and pool their resources, usually via the Internet,
using social networks and crowdfunding platforms to finance their businesses and projects. By doing so individual entrepreneurs and early growth companies can solicit donations from individual stakeholders (including friends, family, colleagues, other business owners, etc.
'Two executives came up with the idea for enhancing the company's tax preparation software for tax 132 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y
The site attracted 400 000 unique visitors (equal to the number of tax preparers in the United states),
and many people went on to purchase the software as well. The organisation is rolling this insight out into new products (8). The concept of collaboration is exemplified in the ideas of the shared or collaborative economy.
Technological innovations like 3d printing underscore the growth of collaborative production and distributed infrastructures. For small businesses
and open source code writing, where the skills are vested individually but create value collectively and are bound collaboratively to a common end.
This might include crowdsourcing highly specific innovation and R & D, design skills, or crowd sourced recruitment and is very much the heartland of open innovation.
open source production, and collaborative consumption models that require a group of participants to deliver. The crowd asset model maps the breadth, spread and specific dynamics of the way in
Users (mainly inventors) submit ideas through the crowd sourced panel and the organisation selects which ideas it wants to bring to market.
a mobile-connected smart egg tray that keeps track of not only how many eggs you have in your refrigerator,
it sends a push notification back to the owners'telephone, letting them know it's time to purchase more eggs.
and crowdsourcing simultaneously, organisations can create value chains that let more people into the process of innovation and value creation,
crowdsourcing highly-specific innovation, R & D, and design through Quirky's community of engineers and members is not only efficient,
That just isn't our core business'(10. While consumer applications may not be GE's core business,
the Quirky team understands the brand value GE brings to the table. Through this collaboration, customers are able to purchase innovative products from a household brand
what is now known as Local Motors, the world's first open source car company. The company brings together a global community of designers, engineers, fabricators and car enthusiasts to build new automobiles through distributed manufacturing channels.
As part of their partnership with Siemens, Local Motors uses their computer-aided design (CAD) software and recommends the software to its global community of 30 000 designers.
Local Motors also works with large enterprises through hosted challenges, whereby the enterprise may outsource a design task to the Local Motors community of designers in exchange for cash prizes.
In the final stage, the Army will prototype the products using 3d printing and other technologies within the REF expeditionary laboratory.
which organisations can use distributed infrastructures for production, crowdsourcing highly-specific R & D challenges,
By engaging in an open exchange and collaboration in developing open source thinking on this subject we will embed
Crowdsourcing: A Definition. Crowdsourcing Blog. Retrieved January 2, 2013.6) Chesbrough, Henry William (1 march 2003. Open Innovation:
The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business school Press. 7) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Co-creation (8) Venkat Ramaswamy, Francis Gouillart, The Power of Co-Creation:
Build It with Them to Boost Growth, Productivity, and Profits Free Press (October 5, 2010), p. 108 111 (9) Mark S. Granovetter.
American Journal of Sociology, Volume 78, Issue 6 may, 1973), 1360 1380 (10) http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/10/g-eturns
when working in the mobile telecommunications operator business. It became in fact mandatory to look at things from a different perspective.
The legal framework was in the making in the Ministry of Traffic and Telecommunications. The Supreme court had said absolutely nothing of cable television.
if you look at the successful international services, like social media or search engines, you realise that somehow these services have managed to go passed and beyond these problems.
As the issue is related to Internet services, it looks rather evident, that there's no way to gain back momentum,
Regarding the emerging Internet businesses, one of my recommendations would be that the innovative counsel‘wannabe'would take a close look at the successful service providers,
especially when they are openly in the public like the Internet service contracts. One of the most interesting documents I have encountered ever in this respect is in fact the Facebook statement of rights and responsibilities.
As a customer, I may find it hard to accept everything the consumer is not necessarily on the driver's seat regarding that agreement,
Besides, as nearly everyone is in the Facebook today, this is a binding service agreement nearly everyone has closed.
Facebook is also using a choice of law strategy using the California State law. You are welcome to submit your legal claims in the Santa clara County Court.
‘open source'or anything we academic lawyers would have thought had paved the way to the Internet future.
Data or Design Innovation has always been important for organisations, but nowadays it is crucial for maintaining a competitive advantage in many markets;
with what resources we take as the core. Data is one of them, design another.
Typically, data is where Google stands for. Numerical analysis of what works best. Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum.
Intuition, designing and molding the wishes of the customer. This results in two main streams in innovation:
being driven data or design-driven. Data-driven Innovation How do organisations come up with new ideas?
Most of the time fresh ideas occur from happy accidents or by using techniques such as brainstorming.
If you are part of the big data movement, you would say that brainstorming is unreliable. With data-driven innovation, innovators generate ideas by exploiting existing
or new data sources and analytics to develop novel insights, particularly by answering queries. More data is generated today than ever. 90%of the data in the world today was created in the last two years alone.
Several researchers call data‘the innovation story of our time'as analysing large sets of information
and cutting-edge experimentation will become a key driver of competition underpinning new waves of productivity growth and data-driven innovation.
Probably the biggest difference between enterprises that are native to data and others is how they approach strategy.
Non data-driven companies tend to undertake research in order to gain a deep understanding of the marketplace.
Then strategy consultants spend months interpreting the data, decide what it means and suggest a course of action.
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way. They run experiments thousands upon thousands of them.
From colours used on a button to different websites to see which site will increase sales, all in real life and with real customers.
Based upon quantified results the experiments determine what the strategy will be. Design-driven Innovation On the other side of the spectrum, you can find design-driven innovation.
Where data-driven focuses on facts, design relies more on intuition and interpretation. Design has become a decisive advantage in countless industries,
not to mention a crucial tool to ward off commoditisation. We have seen this with many Silicon valley based companies in which designers rule the scene.
but also many web based startups like Pinterest or Youtube exemplify this direction. This connects well to the lean startup movement:
in order to uncover a core need and an unexpected insight that will drive innovation. User+need+insight define a point of view (POV),
Data-driven and Design-driven are both great in many innovation strategies. When designers lack influence,
Or in smart phone terms, the product cannot be opened or altered after release. There is no further tinkering possible.
If our data is currency, who's the bank? It's a question that every innovator should be thought giving serious to.
Those who don't may soon find themselves on the outside looking in at a data-centric economy that has moved on without them.
Our data is hot property and everyone wants a piece of it. For consumers, it begins to feel like around every corner there's yet another company, service,
or app. that takes our data for their use. Consumers start to question the real,
other than being perceived as entangled in the big data game. Thanks to the crisis and existing management techniques
and advocacy require a larger palette of insight than design or data alone. So how to overcome these challenges?
We would like to introduce an adjacent territory to‘fix'the flaws of choosing a data-driven or designdriven innovation process.
Likely, this happens in a joke or many of the virals on Youtube. Superiority theory explains how people use humor to feel superior over others.
designers and data scientists are people before being designers or data scientists. Culture Defines Us We are influenced all by the social and economic context where we live in.
Internet started to emerge. Explaining to Generation Y that there was something like Gopher, the game Snake on your Nokia phone or the newness of ecommerce in the previous millennium,
you immediately realise there is a generational legacy gap. This creates enormous challenges for organisations to thrive.
Let alone innovation. The Rise of Humor-driven Innovation Organisational culture is a set of shared mental assumptions and values that guide interpretation and action in organisations by defining appropriate behaviour for various situations.
Products are easily scalable thanks to the culturally neutral data-driven and design approach. Scalability used to be a plus, a scarcity only possible for the big companies.
In the core of the social and economic impact of Open Innovation 2. 0 are shared the values,
Sharing content and creativity through the Internet will create new and better work/life balances for citizens:
Wearable technologies supported by Internet coaching will create well-being lifestyles for young people and the elderly.
when we bring everyone together (2). In the core of the policy makers is to make the citizens happy in their ways of living,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011