6research Objectives 7overview of the Research project 8chapter 1 Project overview and theoretical framework 11background 11what is the value of Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet
and solutions for a wide range of social needs and at a scale that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet'.
'This research aims to explore the potential of the network effect of the Internet (activity
the network effect of the Internet may still be in its early technical phases and early implementation to maximize social good.
and reach of commercial Internet models and the relative weakness of alternatives, mainly filling marginal niches
Digital social innovation plays a central role in the development of the Future Internet. One of the motivations underpinning this research is need the to investigate the key role that civil society organisations
and grassroots communities play to enable bottom-up social innovation that leverage the power of the Internet.
and Tor that are using bottom up privacy-preserving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open software,
Most, if not all of the above examples of civil society digital social innovation take place via the Internet
and policy recommendations for DSI with the context of the DAE and Horizons 2020. iv 5 Introduction The Internet is approximately 40 years old,
the last 20 years or so have seen the commercialisation of the Internet take precedence. Online innovation developed specifically to effect major positive social change remains
and solutions for a wide range of social needs and at a scale that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet'.
and the specific impact and added value of the innovation enabled by the Future Internet,
This research is identifying examples of Digital Social Innovations that are exploiting the network effect of the Internet
Consultant Logicadaniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundationsimona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledgemarkkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe
aims to explore the potential of the network effect of the Internet (i e. that the benefit of a network and its critical mass of users grows larger than its cost),
emphasising the characteristics of Internet-enabled digital tools that can effectively empower citizens and civic innovators.
The Internet and the Web are the technical underpinnings that represent a densely intertwined techno-social fabric of our societies,
the network effect of the Internet may still be in its early technical phases and early implementation to maximise social good.
The early years of expansion of Internet-based services has generated a great economic wealth. However this growth has resulted in an imbalance between the dramatic scale
and reach of commercial Internet models and the relative weakness of alternatives, mainly filling marginal niches
Most, if not all of the above examples of civil society digital social innovation take place via the Internet
or are enabled highly by the Internet. The intention of this research is to carry out an honest analysis of the field,
How to accelerate innovations that better align the capacities of the Internet to social needs The non-technological elements and the so-called soft innovation
What is the value of Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe?
The attempt to define a successful DSI model for Europe is contextualised in the broader debate around European Innovation models and the Future of the Internet,
ICT and the Internet are critical to help Europe sustain long-term economic growth and create new jobs.
and redistribution of power amongst the players in the innovation Ecosystemwhile the original advent of the Internet and ubiquitous digital technologies led to a speculative bubble that ended in 2001 now the Internet seems to have more deep inroads into all parts of manufacturing
However, the Internet by itself seems to unable to drive innovation out of the crisis of 2008
More than 5 billion additional people will connect to the Internet globally in the next 10 years.
To fully exploit the potential provided by Internet services a high-speed Internet access is required for all the citizens.
If we observe the evolution of the Internet principles, such as network neutrality, equitable service, and peer-to-peer architecture were crucial to build a universal,
Analysing all the possible Future Internet scenarios (Oxford Internet Institute 2010 we see two opposing innovation models that could emerge (see Figure 5:
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the Big brother scenario, showing that big industrial players (mainly US based) will reinforce their dominant position by implementing platform lock in strategies,
since we are seeing a consolidation of existing powers and incumbents at every layer of the Internet ecosystem.
The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs,
Indeed, the network effect of the Internet may still be in its early phases as well.
Distributed and citizen-centric innovation plays a central role in the development of the Future Internet.
Digital social innovation plays a central role in the development of the Future Internet. One of the motivations underpinning this research is need the to investigate the key role that civil society organisations
and grassroots communities play to enable bottom-up social innovation that leverage the power of the Internet.
Adapted from Towards a Future Internet, the Oxford Internet Study 2010 in Sestini, F. presentation Collective Awareness Platforms for sustainability and social innovationa Theoretical framework of Collective Intelligence to Unleash the Innovation capabilities of European DSI organisationsthe rapid evolution of digital technologies
and digital data accessed via the Internet. Digital Social Innovation can deploy collective intelligence by connecting multiple individuals and groups via technology,
In this way, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its increasing ubiquity and its massive amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge.
This type of innovation was unimaginable before the rise of Internet-enabled platforms. In this way, simply labeling images with the ESP game of Von Ahn is digital innovation,
and in this era must be enabled Internet digital social innovation are needed to create new arrangements between the social
This research will investigate in what conditions the network effect of Internet collective platforms strengthen the social networks of offline communities
and solutions for a wide range of social needs and at a scale that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet.'
a practice of sharing and collaboration at a scale that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet,
and Tor are using bottom-up privacy-preserving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open software,
while preserving the openness and accessibility of the Internet infrastructure. Furthermore, there's no denying that the ability to access knowledge
Other interesting examples of multidisciplinary research projects are the Network of Excellence on Internet Science (EINS) that aims to integrate multidisciplinary scientific understandings about Internet networks and their co-evolution with society,
Community networking (also known as bottom-up networking) is an emerging model for the Future Internet across Europe and beyond,
Internet networks have become a key infrastructure for the development of the digital economy due to the democratisation of the access technologies,
and obstacles regarding Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks. 38 The Guifi. net initiative is developing a free,
Guifi. net is connected to the Catalan Internet Exchange (CATNIX) as an Autonomous System (AS) via optical fibre with IPV4 and IPV6.
boosting the diffusion of open data is the Mobile Internet and the increasing number of mobile devices.
which will facilitate the anywhere/anytime access to the Internet and to the services it will provide.
which will guarantee access through the Internet to the physical world, to its devices and, most notably, to its services.
The emerging of an Internet of People, i e.,, a trend that includes Web 2. 0, social networks, social computing,
and that promotes Internet as a fundamental channel for allowing an increasingly active role of users (individuals, groups, communities) as providers of data, content,
Cloud computing as a virtualisation infrastructure that offers unique opportunities to reduce the costs of delivering services over the Internet,
However, even now these institutions are facing crisis due to the ubiquity of the Internet, as the new digital innovations of capitalism in particular, digital innovation as exemplified by Silicon valley threaten their current ability to make profits from their previous innovations.
i e. institutions that have arisen during the rise of the Internet itself. 46 This is precisely why telecommunications companies must reinvent themselves in the presence of new, digitally native companies such as Skype and Google.
It is key to distinguish between invention and socialisation as part of the wider process of innovation in a technical system such as the Internet and the Web.
The Internet and Web have defined intrinsic architectures by their open standards that offer themselves as a series of constraints such that‘the choice of possibilities in which invention consists is made in a particular space and particular time according to the play of these constants,
However, before the advent of the Internet their social innovation was limited in its reach, but with the advent of the Internet suddenly these new digital social innovations had a rapid network growth.
Take for example the do-it-yourself ethic, where the amateur is able to create content and share it in a peer-to-peer manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group.
and sensors Tor provides the best example of how the Internet enables users grow the value of a network with a social purpose through plugging in their devices to a‘network
Another example is the work by Open Garden on facilitating the sharing of Internet between devices.
plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures. An ecosystem means that there is an interdependent and dynamic constellation of living organisms acting within a global socioeconomic environment.
According to the Avaaz website, their model of Internet organising allows thousands of individual efforts, however small, to be combined rapidly into a powerful collective force.
Researchers also believe that particular groups on the Internet may benefit from the strategic opportunities offered by e-petitions,
like Internet theorist Evgeny Morozov, have claimed Avaaz promotes a form of slacktivism, claiming that they encourage previously tenacious activists to become lazy and complacent.
within as little as 24 hours, is something that could not have been possible without the Internet. It can do this well beyond the bounds of a particular country,
They hold that the Internet is the best way to reach out and motivate this younger generation to participate in democracy,
which has led to the spread of the model via the Internet beyond Iceland. Open Active Democracy is the software that powers Your Priorities.
If you build it they will come is a famous quote from the early days of the Internet this was never quite true
the Internet, as a way to collaborate, disseminate knowledge and data. Open source Software, which enables the uptake and extension of the software by the development community forgoing stifling discussions on IP and closed development silos Open Data,
The Internet prompted the creation of the association. Without the opportunities presented by the Internet,
the association would not exist. After decades of measures that have reduced drastically the public domain, typically by extending the terms of protection.
as the Internet and digital technologies enable people to access, use and redistribute culture with an ease and a power unforeseeable even just a generation ago.
The background to the project is that recent technological developments have pushed forward the Internet and its possibilities, leading to a seemingly omnipresent Internet.
as Internet provision in a metropolitan area is usually more economically attractive than providing access in rural areas.
is an emerging model for the Future Internet, where communities of citizens build, operate and own open IP-based networks.
and obstacles regarding Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks. It supports an integrated and multi-disciplinary effort to address
and sustainability of community networking as a model for the Future Internet. Five research projects:
and collaboration on community networking, starting from the FIRE (Future Internet Research and Experimentation) community nourished by the EC.
Actually, the open data efforts will be focused more on the Future Internet context of CONFINE rather than the test bed itself.
The CONFINE project addresses the need to explore bottom-up future sustainable Internet infrastructures. Since this aim requires contributions from all social groups,
when Platoniq (a collective of cultural activists, open source practitioners and Internet researchers) came together to explore initiatives for giving monetary support online to different people and causes with a social purpose.
Modern crowdfunding and its ability to quickly mobilise large groups of often very geographically dispersed people online around a common cause, would not have been possible before the emergence of the Internet.
and time consuming to work efficiently, before the advent of the Internet. Finally, the open source approach,
because they believe that the Internet can meaningfully lower the barriers to taking the first civic or democratic steps in a citizen's life,
It is questionable how an organisation like mysociety could have had such obvious results in the absence technological advances made with the Internet.
Due to the new structures, the city administration makes increased use of Internet technology. A summary of the city's Open Government activities and the first edition of the Open Data catalogue are available online,
'Yet advances in public management of this sort would doubtlessly be impossible without the improvements in computing storage and high levels of Internet penetration.
and boasts an Internet penetration rate of 89.3 percent, according to data released by the International Telecommunications Union in June 2012) more needs to be done to understand some of the potential barriers that might exist
if other countries with less Internet penetration were to adopt or replicate this model. What technological methods and tools is it using and
Undoubtedly this would not have been possible in the absence of the Internet and the online platforms that Open Ministry has been built on.
to provide easy access for people not using Internet or not yet accustomed to e-Democracy.
Within five years the database has expanded to over 61 million companies, without the Internet and the participation through Internet,
focusing on innovating in Internet use, through its mobile app and network building, and creating new ways to grow the Internet.
The simple mobile app enables users to connect to each other seamlessly and share their Internet connection.
and sharing the Internet. The business is based on an understanding that with the ubiquitous mobile Internet,
mobile consumers have become data users, and data transfer activities are constantly taking place among mobile users.
Seeing all these limitations, entrepreneur Micha Benoliel, Internet architect Stanislav Shalunov and developer Greg Hazel, decided to make the mobile web fit that could address this challenge.
shares and coordinates access to any available Internet off ramp, optimizing users'Internet access. By crowdsourcing connectivity, Open Garden enables users to connect to the mobile web more frequently and with better results.
It also enables users to access the Internet as cheaply as possible. Faster Downloads: Users can find the fastest connection and most powerful signal without checking every available network,
Open Garden believes that everyone should be able to access the Internet easily. On the one hand, there are still places that people have poor Internet connection,
to create a new way of Internet sharing through users installing a mobile app, and to build up a community network where more people see the need for innovation,
where all users could share their Internet to make it much more accessible. Together with these benefits it is creating an ecosystem among consumers, wireless carriers, and manufacturers.
Since Open Garden aims at working on providing everyone everywhere fair access to Internet it motivates all kinds of groups to join into the community and to experiment
None of which would have been possible without the advance of the Internet and the ability to aggregate
which aims to map the entire Internet, and thereby identify vulnerable off switches that governments could use to pull the plug on their society's online world.
The project was initiated a response to how some regimes‘turned off'the Internet during uprisings in the middle East in 2011,
and knowledge exchange in ways not conceivable prior to the advent of the Internet, and more specifically the‘digital commons.'
Internet: Patientslikeme has used to Internet to cooperate online and to allow for greater democratisation of patient medical data.
Social networking and Community Power: Peer-to-peer networks are becoming the cornerstone for a new era of patient-centered health care.
The service is based on Internet and the principles of open knowledge and the sharing economy.
however, with the Internet acting as a facilitator, there is a growing trend of websites that offer to facilitate peer-to-peer rental transactions.
and students can now access large amounts of educational content with having to rely on poor and expensive Internet connectivity.
and a Wi-fi dongle, allowing for the MP4 lectures that make up the core of Khan academy's material to be brought to areas with poor Internet connectivity.
where the Internet didn't come until 1999, and coverage is still very minimal, so an offline solution like this is vital. 190
The web-based online platform also enabled a sharing of data collected by citizens, to citizens, at a scale not possible before the advance of the Internet.
the Internet and relies on a range of open hard and software tools. Open Hardware:
Internet freedom and security Technology Trends: Open networks DSI activities: Operating a web service Key Facts:
Tor, or The Onion Router, is a cryptographic technique first implemented by US NAVY research to permit intelligence agents to use the Internet without being traced,
by encrypting and routing communications through many different Internet servers. Subsequently Tor has been developed by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
Today, it is used every day 202 for a wide variety of purposes by normal people, the military, journalists, law enforcement officers, activists,
normal people who want to keep their Internet activities private from websites and advertisers; those concerned about cyberspying;
Tor notes that its technology is used also by military professionals the US NAVY is still a key user as well as activists and journalists in countries with strict censorship of media and the Internet.
and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features.
stronger cryptography capabilities and exciting new tools designed to probe for censorship on the Internet.
Internet freedom and anonymity: The Internet offers exciting new opportunities for individuals to express their views,
parody politicians, celebrate their favourite movie stars, or criticize businesses. Not everyone feels the same way though.
and governments more vulnerable to analysis. Using Tor protects you against a common form of Internet surveillance known as traffic analysis. Traffic analysis can be used to infer who is talking to whom over a public network.
and lead to a harmful balkanization of the Internet. Internet users around the world must be able to trust that their information,
The main services provided by Ushahidi are three free software products that enable social activism and public accountability, through crowdsourcing of information from citizen observers by mobile phones or the Internet.
browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data streams.
and utilise Internet-based‘citizen science projects'in order to further science itself, and the public understanding of both science and of the scientific process.
Unlike many early Internet-based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home which used spare computer processing power to analyse data, known as volunteer computing,
and at doubling the share of e-commerce in retail sales (3. 4%in 2010) and that of the Internet sector in European GDP (less than 3%in 2010) by 2015.
Moreover, a recent Commission in depth market study on internet services provision from a consumer perspective showed that very little information was provided to consumers on internet providers'websites on issues such as blocking/slowing down of services
Following BEREC's work in this field, the Commission services launched a public consultation on"specific aspects of transparency, traffic management and switching in an Open Internet"on between 23 july and 15 october 2012.
In order to increase internet enforcement capability in the EU, the latter co-funds a large cooperation project involving a partnership of 16 national consumer protection and enforcement authorities.
This Directive will strengthen consumers'rights when buying on the Internet. Consumers will have to be provided with essential information before they order goods
internet cost traps and charges of which the consumer was informed not in advance. The further harmonisation of the rules on distance contracts provided in the Directive means a single set of core rules across the EU that will not only promote consumers'trust
develop a strategy for the integration of the markets for payments by card, internet or mobile phone,
(ii) making sure that these payment services are transparent for consumers and sellers,(iii) improving and accelerating the standardisation and interoperability of payments by card, internet or mobile phone,
internet and mobile payments45, the Commission is working to promote an integrated European market for card, internet and mobile payments for the benefits of consumers and merchants.
which helped identifying a number of key hurdles on the path towards the market integration of card, internet and mobile payments most
Standardisation and inter-operability gaps for the provision of card, internet and mobile payments across the EU;
by using the internet to offer goods and services which are infringing IPRS. An extensive consultation was carried out on the application of Directive 2004/48 on civil IPR enforcement in 2012 culminating with a conference on 26 june 2012.
the Memorandum of Understanding on the sale of counterfeit goods via the Internet concluded between 33 companies and trade associations and covering 39 different internet sites in Europe,
High speed broadband Internet is the backbone of the digital single market. Hence the broadband targets of the Digital Agenda for Europe,
which are crucial for access to high-speed Internet services such as E-commerce services. As a first milestone of the RSPP implementation, the Commission adopted a Communication on the shared use of spectrum59 on 3 september 2012 to ensure additional flexibility in spectrum authorisation and usage as well as to foster innovation in wireless networks and services.
I e-COMMERCE, M-COMMERCE AND OMNI-CHANNEL RETAIL The growth of the internet and the power of the digital economy have opened new ways for consumers to shop.
New businesses have developed which specialise in offering and taking orders via the internet and through distance selling.
and broadband-a single telecoms market-harmonise ICT standards. 3. 2. Ensure people have the right e-skills to use the internet (social inclusion)
With the advent of the internet, the capture of data has become easier but also more sophisticated.
With the internet, some data are given with explicit consent, others are gathered with less obvious consent.
Consumers need a computer or mobile device and access to high-speed internet for shopping online. If a consumer wants to buy online he often needs to make an account, needs an e-mail address, needs an online payment method etc.;
Older consumers in some countries do not use the internet. On the other hand, for people with low mobility, the internet is provided a blessing they have the opportunity to learn how to use it.
Digital inclusion is an important societal objective. To develop online capabilities, businesses need to be able to tap into a wide pool of people with the right of e-skills.
This time the challenge is not about adopting a revolutionary technology in the mould of the Internet or mobile telephony.
Countries with high penetration levels for fixed telephone lines, mobile phones, personal computers (PCS) and the Internet appear to achieve the greatest economic benefit from ICT.
Economist Intelligence Unit The ICT infrastructure index used here combines six connectivity variables penetration of traditional fixed lines, broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers
and of Internet/web literacy. The ICT enablers index takes into account affordability of Internet access, telecoms market competition, security of the Internet infrastructure, government support for ICT development,
laws governing the Internet, ICT skills of the workforce and quality of ICT supporting services.
When combined, these indices provide a good measure of a country's readiness to reap the benefits of technology.
and made voice, Internet and data communications more affordable to many businesses and households. Boldness and imagination in other key areas will be crucial to Europe's attempts to win further economic rewards from ICT in the future.
and Internet 41 Development of e-democracy 15 Government innovation in providing online services to citizens 44 Policies to promote competition in the ICT sector 34 Regulation to protect consumer interests
ensured restriction-free entry by providers big and small to Internet service markets; and embarked on initiatives to give alternative operators access to incumbents'last-mile networks.
and an Internet-based system has been launched to enable cabinet meetings to be conducted online. Meanwhile, an e-democracy website (dubbed Today,
such as Internet use, are not relevant or available for earlier periods. The dependent variable in all our regressions is average annual growth in real GDP per head during this timeframe.
the number of Internet servers per million population, broadband penetration and four qualitative variables from the e-readiness rankings, based on a 1-5 scoring system.
The four qualitative indicators assess the quality of Internet connections, the development of ebusiness, the development of online commerce and the exposure of the population to the Internet("Internet literacy".
A qualitative indicator of the security of the Internet infrastructure. An indicator of the government's role (government encouragement and financing for ICT,
An indicator of laws covering the use of the Internet. An indicator of the ICT skills of the workforce.
and Internet 41 Schemes to promote access to higher bandwidth services 36 Policies to promote competition in the ICT sector 34 Promotion of common technology standards 32 Development of e
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011