and online display of orphan works and introduces a new exception to copyright (one of the few ones to be fully harmonised at EU level).
The further harmonisation of the rules on distance contracts provided in the Directive means a single set of core rules across the EU that will not only promote consumers'trust
The Centre acts as the focal point in the fight against cybercrime in the Union and will have four core functions:
and promoting core EU values, including by proposing norms for responsible behaviour, and encouraging the application of existing international cyberspace laws in accordance with the EU acquis
Consumers themselves, with their increased use of the computer and of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, are changing dramatically in terms of behaviour and expectations as shoppers.
For traders, e-commerce offers new ways to interact with their customers and to serve them through different channels and platforms.
More recently, with the growth and universal spread of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, a fourth and rapidly expanding channel has been added:
Consumers need a computer or mobile device and access to high-speed internet for shopping online. If a consumer wants to buy online he often needs to make an account, needs an e-mail address, needs an online payment method etc.;
At its core, eco-innovation is about creating business models that are both competitive and respect the environment by reducing resource intensity of products and services.
if Hazadous Reduced Regulatory Requirement Requires County License Hazardous Flourescent Tubes Batteries Computers Electronics Silver Wastes Oil Antifreeze Special Wastes Solvents Electroplating Manufacture Process PCB,
State and Outlook 2010. Material resources and Waste. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. Eco-innovations focused on improving material
Ecococon in Lithuania is a small company that has started reaping the benefits of building houses out of straw panels,
software tool for Energy-using products and processes for SMES in this sector. www. limas-eup. eu/en/eupeco profiler?
Develop indicators to monitor performance. Develop clear indicators based on the code of conduct to monitor progress. Internal and external communication is also very important at all stages.
Develop collaborative practices and strong relationships with clients and suppliers Foster collaborative practices, e g. mutualised supply management systems, collabortive planning, forecasting and replenishment.
TRI-VIZOR's Cross Supply Chain Methodology software makes it possible to maximise in real-time the total community gains in cost and CO2. www. trivizor. com Shields Environment:
www. accenture. com/us-en/outlook/Pages/outlookjournal-2012-why-sustainable-supply-chain-is-good-business. aspx Eco-innovate production processes Eco-innovate!
Do we have systems in place to monitor ecoinnovation trends related to our core business? Key challenges for your business Developing eco-innovative products,
What are the characteristics of our core customer groups (e g. mass, niche, segmented? What type of relationship does each customer type expect from us?
What added value environmental benefits can be attached to the core concept and? How can stakeholders be rewarded for adopting
A Computer simulation, Organization Science, Vol. 8, No. 3 may-Jun.,1997), pp. 289-309 2 Andersen, M m.,(
and ODR. 8 4. 1. 2 Checks and balances Include the core principles for ADR in a binding instrument,
processors and data subjects) on the proposal in order to achieve a harmonised framework based on a balanced approach in this important legislative step. 8 Del Duca, L.,Rule, C.,Loebl,
Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit sponsored by Microsoft The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 1 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Acknowledgements
sponsored by Microsoft. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole editorial responsibility for the content of the report.
For the purposes of the report, ICT is defined as IT hardware, software and services, and telecommunications equipment and services.
the famous observation of Robert Solow that You can see the computer age everywhere but in the productivity statistics*.
Another major problem is that many growth accounting studies assume that buying a new computer instantly has a positive impact on productivity a notion that seems at odds with most organisations'experience.
Countries with high penetration levels for fixed telephone lines, mobile phones, personal computers (PCS) and the Internet appear to achieve the greatest economic benefit from ICT.
Economist Intelligence Unit The ICT infrastructure index used here combines six connectivity variables penetration of traditional fixed lines, broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, 2003.0 100 200 300 400 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Software Communication equipment IT equipment The Economist
which manufacture large quantities of ICT hardware and software. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth an important measure of ICT's impact on productivity, has accelerated also in each of these countries4.
Germany, for example long the continent's economic powerhouse, a leader in broadband adoption and home of some of its software giants currently ranks in the middle of EU countries in our ICT development and enabler indices,
The importance of software in the ICT Mix in the US, software has attracted the largest share of ICT investment
since the technology boom began in the early 1990s. By 2000, it accounted for about 14%of total nonresidential capital investment in the US,
Software nonetheless accounted for onethird or more of ICT investment in the UK France and The netherlands in 2000,
Software investment tends to lag purchases of hardware. This may explain the more rapid growth of software investment relative to total investment in the US,
where firms made an early start in deploying IT and networking infrastructure. Assuming that Europe is playing catch up to the US in overall ICT investment
and has invested heavily in hardware since the late 1990s, software vendors can probably look to good times ahead in their European markets.
Software markets in Western europe proved relatively resilient during the technology slump of 2000-02 continuing to expand at moderate rates,
whereas hardware sales declined. IDC, a technology consultancy, projects that the west European software market will expand at a respectable 6. 6%compound annual growth rate over the 2003-07 period to a volume of €57. 5bn
. 1colecchia and Schreyer, 2002; Ahmad, et al, 2004 2ahmad, et al, 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 15 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge To reap the benefits of ICT we must invest in the parallel areas of organisational capital
in skills, innovation and R&d. Erkki Liikanen, EU commissioner for enterprise and the information society.
Schools and universities produce a steady flow of graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes,
The implication is that it is not enough to deploy new enterprise software or a
Elie Simon, president EMEA of Sun microsystems, believes regulators must seek to develop unified security standards to protect Europe's network infrastructure.
the European parliament, industry groups, entrepreneurs and software developers around the ability to patent software. Many large ICT companies (including Microsoft,
the sponsor of this report) favour the extension of patents to cover software as a way to strengthen IP protection across Europe
and thereby create greater incentive for innovation. For their part, independent software developers view software patents as a weakening of copyright protection,
and thus no less of a threat to innovative activity in this field. At the time of writing, the revised European commission directive appeared to weaken the applicability of patents to software.
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 23 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Europe's challenge is to create a business environment where innovation can thrive
Patrick de Smedt, chairman of Microsoft EMEA, puts leading by example at the top of his prescriptions for policymakers.
and vote online using flat-screen computer terminals. Digital documentation has replaced paper in preparations for cabinet sessions,
Elie Simon, president EMEA for Sun microsystems, places great store in the concept of niche ecosystems.
Stat Coefficients t Stat Constant 1. 7204 0. 6386 2. 8405 1. 4070 11.0409 3. 5639 Ln GDP pc-0
. 783 N 60 60 60 Ln GDP pc natural logarithm of GDP per head in 1995 at PPP, US$.
3. Personal computers (number per 100 population. 4. Internet users (per 100 population. Each indicator is transformed into an index scaled 1-10 (using minimum and maximum values of the indicator in our country sample.
3. 4749 24.9549 5. 1393 Ln GDP pc-2. 1840-3. 6787-2. 6461-4. 0388-2. 1148-3. 9894
France, Italy), 1995-2002 Initial GDP pc-0. 62 INV-0. 24 DEMOGRAPHY 0. 08 BUSENV 0. 47 SCHOOL 0
the number of Internet servers per million population, broadband penetration and four qualitative variables from the e-readiness rankings, based on a 1-5 scoring system.
and sponsored by Microsoft, seeks to answer these crucial questions. Demographics Which of the following job titles describes your role best?(%
%respondents) Financial services 16 Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8 Automotive 4
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu. int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
As the powers of computers advance rapidly, new technologies will be tested, evaluated and modified on-line before physical equipment is constructed.
Such a system would require advanced hardware and management protocols for connections, whether for suppliers of power, for consumers or for network operators.
It is possible to conceive such a network but the real hardware, protocols, standards and markets at all levels are more difficult to realise.
Virtual utilities (or virtual electricity market) adopt the structure of the internet-like model and its information and trading capability, rather than any hardware.
stimulates initiatives and monitors progress; Mirror Group: enables the involvement of Member States, candidate countries and associate states;
human enhancement and personalised healthcare, accompanied by advances in the visualisation and modelling of super-complex interactions through computing and emerging technologies such as 3-D printing.
and returning manufacturing capabilities to developed national contexts (United states, Canada, Northern europe) in the case of 3-D printing (Desmoulin-Canselier 2012;
and public sector. This trend is underpinned further by the fast growth of smartphones, tablets and other devices enabling mobile internet access,
and 6%reported using a tablet. Similarly the fact that only 17%of the population reported using the internet for looking for jobs
of filtering is determined empirically, based on access tests on two (global and local) sample lists of websites cutting across a range of topics (e g. political, social and internet tools, such as Skype).
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The European environment state and outlook 2010: assessment of global megatrends. Copenhagen, European Environment Agency.
PDF, World and European Energy and Environment Transition Outlook-WETO-T, Brussels: European commission, 2011c. Global Europe 2050, Luxembourg:
future scenarios and future directions for education and technology,"Journal of computer assisted learning, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2010, pp. 74-93.
"Debating Europe. outlook for the future of Europe's younger generation.""from http://www. scribd. com/doc/141856647/Gallup-Debating-Europe-Poll-Europeans-expect-a-Bleak-Future-for-their-Young.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17: 319 336. doi: 10.1111/j. 1083-6101.2012.01574. x Goerres, A. 2007), Why are Older People More Likely to Vote?
Energy and Climate Strategies for China's Motorization,"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Policy Outlook, 2011.
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Mcafee, Prospective Analysis on Trends in Cybercrime from 2011 to 2020,2011. Mcdonald, P.,Time for Action:
Open source methods and their future potential: Demos London, 2005. Mulley, S.,"The UK's immigration crackdown will lead to a loss of international talent,"24 may 2013.
and life satisfaction, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 30, pp. 69 78. O'neill, Brian C.,Deborah Balk, Melanie Brickman,
International Migration Outlook. Renewing the skills of ageing workforce, OECD Publishing, 2012e. Internet Economy Outlook, Geneva:
OECD, 2012f. Looking to 2060: A global vision of long-term growth, OECD, 2012g. OECD Employment Outlook 2012, OECD Publications, 2012h."
"Economy: migration starting to rebound, says OECD,"27 june 2012i. As of 09 july 2013, from http://www. oecd. org/migration/economymigrationstartingtoreboundsaysoecd. htm, Closing the gap for immigrant students.
The new social operating system. The MIT Press. Ratto, R, and Robert Ree,"Materializing information: 3d printing and social change,"First Monday, Vol. 17, No. 7-2, 2012.
Ravallion, M, The Developing World's Bulging (but Vulnerable) Middle class. The World bank, 2009. Reflection Group, Project Europe 2030:
the four key dimensions for the study of minors and screens,"Comunicación y sociedad, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2012, pp. 253-287.
A panel data approach The Social science Journal,(49) 2: 167-174, Sathyamurthy, T. V.,"Nationalism in the Era of Globalisation,"Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 33/34
A Comparison of Canada, Europe and the United states, International Productivity Monitor, Vol. 6, 2003 pp. 56-63. van Bavel, J.,"Choice of study discipline and the postponement
Demography Monitor 2008: Demographic Trends, Socioeconomic Impacts and Policy Implications in the European union, Monitoring Report prepared by the European Observatory on the Social Situation Demography Network, Netherlands interdisciplinary demographic institute, Amsterdam;
display=default World bank World Development Indicators,"Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%)2012.
http://www. migrationinformation. org/Feature/display. cfm? id=963 Zimmermann, Hans-Dieter,"The Individual in the Information Society:
putting at risk its outlook for productivity, growth, human capital development and job creation. This report, part of the World Economic Forum's Fostering Innovation-driven Entrepreneurship in Europe project, examines
Three core factors to foster entrepreneurial culture The decision to become an entrepreneur or join an innovative entrepreneurial venture is complex. 13 This analysis focuses on three categories of individual factors that were highlighted in interviews and workshops:
and operate a business is an important complement to the attitude of risktaking and perseverance that successful entrepreneurs display.
In software, you find Criteo, Unity and Openx. Since Skype, the speed at which Europe is generating billion-euro companies has been dramatically increasing.
Matthias Ummenhofer, Head, Venture capital, European Investment Fund Figure 13: New Venture Funds Raised in Europe by Investors,
Increased demand for collateral after the economic crisis restricts access to bank loans for entrepreneurs The European Small Business Finance Outlook 2013
Antony Jenkins, Chief executive officer, Barclays Microsoft is actively working to provide opportunities for European SMES and start-ups by providing access to digital tools,
Chairman, Europe, Microsoft Corporation Benefit for large corporates Benefit for entrepreneurs Risk to one or both partners Company shares in high-potential entrepreneurial ventures Access
and organization Foster a collaborative culture and organization Steer and monitor degree of openness Attract partners Develop brand for mutually beneficial collaborations Make systematic use of networks to create awareness for own offerings
considering their capacity to manage collaborations without compromising their core fields of work. Developing culture and organization Fostering a collaborative culture and organization Both a soft cultural and a hard organizational component need to be considered:
the camera or the memory card without having to change the entire phone. The approach was made open-source,
Miles Kirby, Managing director of Qualcomm Ventures, responsible for investments in Western and Eastern europe To systematically foster collaboration between large companies and entrepreneurs we have to start with specific topics e g. 3d printing around
61 ABB delivers multi-standard 50 kw fast chargers for electric vehicles and industry-leading software solutions for remote servicing.
The growth outlook and ambitiousness of enterprises is expressed by entrepreneurs'expectations concerning the increase in employee numbers as well as their ambitions on the international market.
Innovation policies are at the core of this process. The government support system for enterprises is easy and simple to use,
Among the innovation-driven economies in the EU-28, The netherlands is the most entrepreneurial economy in terms of new and nascent entrepreneurship according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.
and regions. 64 This section presents an overview of the core ideas within the focus,
and outlook required to become a serial entrepreneur. Among Europeans, 45%have thought never of starting a business;
and a change of outlook among the top management. What might these changes look like over the next 20-30 years?
See Silicon valley Bank (2013), Start-up outlook report. 13. For a general and extensive assessment on entrepreneurs and business-building, see Tjan, Harrington and Hsieh (2012), Heart, Smarts, Guts, and Luck:
GEM Consortium (2013), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 15. Diedrichs, E. 2013), Do SMES lose their appetite for innovation during the economic crisis?
which provide insights on two core questions: 1) What do entrepreneurs perceive to be the difference between entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe in terms of the availability of the various pillars that make up an ecosystem?
Manager, International R&d Management, Laundry and Home Care The Lisbon Council Ann Mettler, Executive director Microsoft Jan Muehlfeit, Chairman, Microsoft Europe Royal DSM
although most of the major hospitals and the medical schools use computers for administrative purposes. ICTS have impacted greatly the health sector
and transportation of textual information using stand-alone computers. Some of the healthcare systems that have been developed include billing, financial systems, patient registration, computer based record systems and pharmacy systems.
Most of lab equipment and radiology equipment are computerized now and linked through data networks. Telemedicine which uses telecommunication
Healthnet one of the most widely implemented computer-based telecommunications systems in Sub-saharan africa, currently is being used in over 30 countries by around 10,000 healthcare workers to exchange ideas
Across Sub-saharan africa, the Internet is used to report daily cases of meningitis to monitor emerging epidemics.
Effectiveness of monitoring of immunisation activities which involves the following monitoring systems for adverse events, documentation of immunisation activities, display of immunisation activities, reporting of immunisation activities and reviews of immunisation
performance achievements) Out of the health facilities that were visited only two (2) private hospitals used computers for the registration of patients.
None of the health facilities used computers to process immunisation activities. Seven (7) out of the eight (8) health facilities had documented a well plan on immunisation activities
Medical personnel most commonly use computers like accountants and secretaries. Until 1993, Uganda had centralized a health information system (HIS)
Districts that have a computer and resources to maintain it, are provided with an easy spreadsheet based system for compiling monthly and annual reports.
The reports from the districts are delivered to the headquarters either by hand, fax or by email.
1999), these capabilities require the complex combination of the technical infrastructure (cabling infrastructure, hardware platform, base software platform), ICT shared services (as communications services), ICT applications (as WEB
Shaping computer mediated social relations, Routledge, London Kasozi, M. and Nkuuhe, J. 2003. Uganda Chartered Healthnet promotes healthcare using Handheld devices.
Testing the use of handheld computers for heathcare in Ghana, Uganda, and Kenya. Report published:
and research labs R&d ACTIVITIES Invest significantly in research (75%invest more than 20%of Invest on average about 11%of their turnover in R&d Invest less than 5%of their turnover in R&d 8 Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new
The most innovative industries, such as computers, instruments and pharmaceuticals also tend to be the most R&d intensive (Audretsch, 1995.
yet contribute considerably to innovation in newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995).
and accounting management software systems that enhance organisational and management capabilities, while at the same time reduce the high costs associated with managing SMES.
An important strategy deployed by SMES to create competitiveness in global markets is to use the digital technology to develop core competencies
On the high-tech front, they make parallel-processing computers for Japan and satellite receivers for Germany.""12 41.
Diversification is considered generally to be anathema to focusing upon the core product. But because of their specialisation and small size, Mittelstand companies are often at a disadvantage in terms of economies of scale.
individuals move easily from semiconductor to disk drive firms or from computer to network makers. They move from established firms to start-ups (or vice versa) and even to market research or consulting firms,
Clusters of firms have experienced high levels of investment into process technologies, particularly in manufacturing automation, NC, CAD-CAM,
These organisations are typically technical consultants and count R&d as a non-core activity. Looking at firm growth rates during the three-year period preceding the study,
Close to 80%of all new technology startups are in information technologies--software, Internet, and telecommunication software.
Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times,
the core competencies scan (which lasts 3 hours and is used to define SME core competencies);
the network scan (which lasts 3 hours and identifies the network needs); and the innovation scan (to measure the innovative capability of the SME.
Almeida & Kogut (1999) found that the development of clusters in the U s. computer industry in the 1980s led to increased innovation and industry rejuvenation.
and components, the development of new software, enhanced user friendliness, and other aspects (OECD, 2005).
Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (Vol. Fourth Edition. London: Sage publication. Fontes, M. 2005.
Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England. Research Policy, 31 (7), 1053-1067.
and utilize computers (81,94) %and access & use the Internet (80.83%)in their activities. Three quarters of SMES use the electronic mail
Others Intranet Selling/shopping online None of the above Own website E-mail Internet Computers 518 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512
the cost of R&d activities, lack of funds (or insufficient funds) and incertitude about the evolution of demand for new and innovative goods. Most SMES use computers, Internet and the e-mail in their business activities
Technology parks are key to SME development in the region At the core of the regional innovation policy are the 11 science and technology parks, alongside the 21 technology centres
Review panel visit The OECD Secretariat led an international panel of experts in a one-week peer review visit in Andalusia from 12 to 16 april 2010.
drawing on the results of the diagnostic report, the panel review exercise, and additional literature and material about the Andalusia economy.
ESECA, 2009 peripheral economies which generally find it difficult to penetrate international markets. Indeed only 1. 4%of regional firms are engaged in foreign trade,
The main IT solutions offered were antivirus (to 29%of clients), business management software (to 28%)and web and email (to 19%.
Attitudes to innovation in peripheral economic regions. Research Policy, 37,6-7: 1009-1021. Cuadrado-Roura, J. R. & Garcia-Tabuenca, A. Innovative and Creative Entrepreneurship in Spain.
which covers the core actors in the innovation sector in Andalusia. The PAIDI is an operational plan that elaborates on the specific institutional agents to implement the broader goals of the PIMA.
which now designate research teams as a core element in the internal structure of the universities (Ramos-Vielba and Fernandez-Esquinas, 2009).
At Sybase, an enterprise software company that spun-off from the original WATCOM Corporation, with over 250 employees in its Waterloo campus alone,
For instance, in a recent speech at the university during his Microsoft 2005 Tour, Bill gates referred to Waterloo as a special relationship for us.
as well as serving to enhance the region‘s international reputation by attracting global firms, such as Microsoft and Google,
Estadisticas de Sociedades Mercantiles, INE Andalusia‘s entrepreneurship level was assessed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in 2006.
The people, assets and intangibles transferred from the parent company constitute a key element of the spin-off‘s core-business,
Based on the 2006 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, the density of enterprises was approaching the national level.
The strategy of the programme was guided by a private sector-led Entrepreneurship Implementation Panel; the operational part of the project was managed by a special enterprise team established within the Welsh Development Agency.
as shown by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for Wales, include a noticeable change in the attitudes of the people in Wales towards entrepreneurship and a public sector that increasingly and explicitly supports entrepreneurship across its activities.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2006) Andalusia. OECD (2001) Fostering Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris. OECD (2003) Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development:
To what extent is a policy for increasing higher levels of innovation, particularly R&d activities, among a core of SMES,
and RETA whose aim is to support the existing small core of high tech SMES and encourage the second tier of SMES to increase their levels of R&d activity.
At the core of the broader innovation policy are the 11 science and technology parks discussed elsewhere in this report,
The core of the model was to develop competitive advantage through strengthening existing local assets
Of these organisations, around 200 can be considered to be=core‘life science firms involved in developing products
With smaller resources in the future, investment in high tech activities should be directed at the most promising sectors that already display some international capability, rather than spreading resources too thinly.
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