Therefore, adequate flexibility in its dynamic capability constitutes a significant part of the core competence for a firm's innovative sustainability.
Ennis and Thurles Other Advance Limerick Regeneration Key Actions (Extract) 45 Develop the urban core of Limerick city in a structured and cohesive way,
Dublin City is the core of the region with a population of 505,739 (administrative area of the City council.
so that companies tend to outsource non-core activities or to offshore them to locations where it makes business sense.
Ireland's economic structure is shifting towards a higher proportion of services exports, balanced with a core of high-value added 3 Forfás (2008) Sharing our Future, IBM (2008) Drivers
and successful regions have a dynamic and vibrant city at their core. The RCAS acknowledge the importance of gateways and their role as drivers of regional economic development
In the context of this sectoral convergence, core skills become transferrable across sectors, for example, biology, chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software;
reflecting a core competency within the region that provides a basis for further growth and development.
Multinational companies in the sector are tending to focus on activities where they have strengths and to outsource non-core activities (such as late stage manufacturing,
Enterprise Ireland Enterprise Ireland's core objective is to drive export growth by creating and growing internationally competitive businesses
such as Keenans and the large dairy and beef processors such as Glanbia and Slaney Meats, who work directly with farmers in improving productivity.
Multinational companies in the sector are tending to focus on activities where they have strengths and to outsource non-core activities (such as late stage manufacturing,
reflecting a core competency within the region that provides a basis for further growth and development.
Employment in‘core'games companies39 amounted to over 2 000 at the end of 2010, representing a fivefold increase on the level estimated in 200440.
It excludes spending on hardware used for playing games. 39‘Core'games companies refers to companies directly involved in the production of games 40 Electronic Games Study, Forfás, 2004 (unpublished) and The Games Sector in Ireland:
which could reach 4, 500 (in‘core'games companies by 2014). Key Regional Assets The digital media sector is diverse in terms of its composition and similar to green/clean tech,
from general engineering, core employment, welding, fabrication, hairdressing to information and communications technologies and has centres of excellence for training related to Motor Mechanics, Agricultural Mechanics and Heavy Goods Vehicle
and exploiting core competences. What is evident now is that firms are outsourcing a broader range of progressively more complex business functions.
WIT has total staff of 906, with a core staff of 766,60 Exchequer funded research staff and 80 other specialist staff.
as it is essential that the core research strengths built up to date through the PRTLI, by SFI and EI in WIT are nurtured
and synergies to be exploited by better integrating social challenges at the core of innovation activities.
and synergies to be exploited in better integrating social challenges at the core of innovation activities.
Private and public actors have understood clearly that these social needs conveyed to the core of the innovation process add value to their product
This has been one of the core concerns of the Dutch approach: connecting networks, crossing (sector) boundaries, searching for new and surprising combinations.
Participative processes are a core element in the strategies to shift innovation policies in different OECD countries towards a type of innovation,
managers now consider the use of IT as a competitive tool used for the implementation of strategic plans and the support of firm core competencies (e g.,
*p<.05.212 JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT expand their core capabilities in the areas of products, knowledge, and skills.
and to link this power to support the core competencies of the firm successfully can have a competitive advantage.
5 crucial breakthroughs Marshall plan in Wallonia 6 core clusters Smart grids Flanders Flanders in action breakthroughs:
National thematic focus Core activities of the grid program EELLEECCTTRRIICCIITTYY ggrriidd Multi energy carriers Grid technology Dependence of the technical and economical grid operation Congestion
R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy In Switzerland the primary R&d framework is given by a periodic Four-year Strategy Report compiled by The swiss Federal Energy Research Commission (CORE.
Within the concept the core focus points of the energy research between 2008 and 2011 are defined.
Available-Four-year strategy report (by CORE, Swiss Federal Energy Research Commission: Federal energy research concept 2008-2011 (in French or German;
-Expert group for each programm (related to smart grids) R&d and Innovation policy, Innovation Agenda, Technology Roadmaps Available-Four-year strategy report (by CORE
The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the‘kit'itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
Open standards should be at the core of the technical infrastructure. Open standards should have an adequate legal and governance backing,
European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,
they should become public policy guidelines at the core of the technical infrastructure. Technical solutions do not work by themselves,
which builds and reinforces the regional identity and puts innovation at its core; attractive and dynamic web pages, including parts in English for wider dissemination;
SMES are thus at the core of Cohesion Policy. For the period 2007-2013 the Community Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion emphasise the key role of SMES,
Spinoffs and SMES can find wider support services that allow them to better focus on their core business and on research for the development of innovations in science parks.
broadband and NGA networks and Digital Service Infrastructures including core service platforms and generic services.
for international core, close to-market and supporting R&d. In some cases bold regional outsourcing or offshoring support policies should be deployed
funding in core European transport projects can be challenging due to the relatively high levels of revenue volatility in the projects'early operating stages.
Among the core measures that should be encouraged are: 109 Commissioning a strategic analysis and approach on the region's own characteristics, assets, challenges and opportunities as regards its environment, natural assets, renewable energy potential and climate impacts in the studies
Managing authorities are encouraged to put eco-innovations at the core of their innovation 161 http://ec. europa. eu/energy/technology/set plan/set plan en. htm 162 European parliament'Policy Department
Horizon 2020‘Innovation in SMES'is a bridge between the core of the framework programme, the provision of support to research, development and innovation projects,
The core of the IMP rove platform is a benchmarking database for‘innovation management performance'with more than 3500 quality checked datasets.
In the transport sector, research is at the core of developing innovative technologies and ways of working that will make the changes required to preserve our mobility at low costs to society.
Upper Austria has an industrial core region formed by the three cities of Linz (the capital of the province), Wels, and Steyr.
Outside this core area there are peripheral areas in the north and south of Upper Austria but also several smaller industrial centres.
demonstrating the extent to which this results in cumulative processes in core regions at the expense of peripheries.
and basic research is seen as a core asset of the region (Stoerring and Dalum 2006).
that the region build on its core assets, namely ICT (Norcom) and the emerging life sciences at university for Biomedico.
technological development has to be at the core. In other words, the utilisation of the most up-to-date technologies, including ERTMS,
as ICT and e-business are relevant for nearly all core business areas of the TLS industry.
The accessibility and the numerous opportunities to creatively use the Internet has brought many implications to the organisations core business processes to generate enormous benefits in terms of performance as well as provide greater value-added products and services.
Focussing on core competencies by outsourcing noncritical activities to specialised providers is a general trend in the TLS industry,
The first level includes a core system with the inventory management the master data management and the possibility to enter
Improved efficiency in these core business processes leads to faster cycle times, reduced overhead, more competitive offerings,
scalable and reliable solution suitable for running a company's most critical core business processes. 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Specific software applications
and customer-relationship management analysis to improve core business processes. For these type of reasons, e-procurement has been seen to have the potential to play a pivotal role in a firm's endeavours to create a competitive cost advantage that lasts for many years 99,
as well as the outsourcing of non-core activities may actually play a more important role. Finally, there seems to be some (preliminary) evidence regarding the time structure of TFP growth accelerations.
The solution developed by an external provider was composed of a core programme with specific developments to match AITS specific needs.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 129 The solution that has been developed is composed modular software of the core Solulog solution
when this activity became part of N c. Cammack & Son's core activity. The third requirement was to give customers online access to the system allowing them to see their job status, history and invoices.
Thanks to the usage of‘Truck Business',N c. Cammack & Son remain competitive in its core markets trough improving operational performance while keeping the number of employees constant.
In a nutshell SMES'ICT requirements are that they support their core business, work well, are user E-business in the transport & logistics industry 191 friendly,
Independent living is also at the core of the Rosetta project which specifically addressed people with progressive chronic disabilities, helping them to keep their independence and quality of life as long as possible,
Trust is the core of social and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions, social connections,
Through the implementation and utilization of Health Informatics technologies which have an EHR at their core,
internal factors are likely to be more important core determinants of whether innovation plays a key role in success
and growth of SMES The core objective of this paper is to ascertain the relationship between innovation and firm growth in the identified SME sectors.
116 5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators...
Failure to collect the data necessary to evaluate the impact of ICTS is one of the core challenges to achieving widespread adoption of high-performing ICT initiatives.
the EMRS funded by PITO include all of the core elements of a fully functional EHR,
all certification can ensure is a baseline of core functionalities and specifications that could be used to achieve interoperability.
The MAEHC has focused on the core messages that appealed to all of the focus groups: convenience and data security.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators The OECD analysis clearly shows that the way countries are currently monitoring ICT
Nonetheless, it is possible to identify a core set of indicators widely used in these surveys.
2005) provides one possible way to improve the availability and comparability of data for a core set of indicators on health ICTS.
While the use of core modules allows measurement on an internationally comparable basis, additional modules and new indicators within existing modules can be added to respond to evolving
While the use of core modules allows the measurement on an internationally comparable basis, additional modules and new indicators within existing modules can be added to respond to evolving
and its capacity to focus on core functions rather than red tape, can be improved. We rank well on teaching, research and citations,
Effects on core activities, distraction? Reliability of data, plan predictability? Moral, commitment, leadership? Accreditations, etc?
The core idea is to forget everything we have learnt and retained when thinking about a possible solution. o We will have to break up an existing product,
and the core process development team should not just represent one functional group otherwise process buy in will be affected adversely.
They rely on a few patents to cover their core technology and do not concentrate on protecting possible modifications or improvements of that core technology.
This is an inherently risky strategy, however, particularly if the core patents are found wholly or partially invalid,
and there are no additional patents to cover improvements or modifications of the original technology. Another risk,
Eidon has adopted a compromise solution to safeguard the core interests of both sides which is based on the following three elements:
or plug-ins) Quality of the video camera Services provided by a program outside the browser Quality of the connection The processor speed of the computer Complex and expensive use"Innosupport:
Knowing your target audience is at the core in any type of marketing strategy. This is no different from utilising the web as a marketing tool.
Use of core design principles: Below are some examples of web sites considered good and less good,
groups are kept on their toes. 5. Focus on Your Core Strengths and Outsource Another way of using innovation to stay nimble and competitive is by focusing on competitive differentiators,
it is a core factor promoting development and growth in every sphere of life, in particular in the sphere of business and entrepreneurship.
and promote a shared set of core values in the areas of labour standards, human rights and environmental practices between the UN and the business community http://www. unglobalcompact. org/"Innosupport:
o To protect their individual core competences o To share the intellectual property generated by such a joint venture,
'Innovation in SMES'aims at creating a bridge between the core of the framework programme-support to research,
Horizon 2020‘Innovation in SMES'is a bridge between the core of the framework programme, the provision of support to research, development and innovation projects,
The core of the IMP rove platform is a benchmarking database for‘innovation management performance'with more than 3500 quality checked datasets.
and thereby allow them to concentrate 7 on their core competencies (Quinn et al.,1990). ) In contrast, their SME suppliers are not scaleintensive,
They differ from core competencies (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990) in that they need not be rare or inimitable.
Core competencies rely on leverage across NPD projects within a single firm for competitive advantage, but conditions may change too rapidly for this to happen.
on the other hand, are forcing them to focus on their core competencies and turn to outsourcing to provide many of the functions that were performed once in-house.
and protect the core product businesses of an SME. Services can differentiate a company from competitors
Once the target segment and its core needs are identified, the next task is to generate ideas to address these needs.
"The core competence of the corporation.""Harvard Business Review 68 (3): 79-91. Describes core competencies
"Growth beyond the core.""Financial times (31 march 2006): 10.68 Explains how manufacturers can stabilize cash flows
An important strategy deployed by SMES to create competitiveness in global markets is to use the digital technology to develop core competencies
Diversification is considered generally to be anathema to focusing upon the core product. But because of their specialisation and small size, Mittelstand companies are often at a disadvantage in terms of economies of scale.
These organisations are typically technical consultants and count R&d as a non-core activity. Looking at firm growth rates during the three-year period preceding the study,
the core competencies scan (which lasts 3 hours and is used to define SME core competencies);
the network scan (which lasts 3 hours and identifies the network needs); and the innovation scan (to measure the innovative capability of the SME.
and deal with a single perspective of firm performance, such as bankruptcy or failure, using a few core input parameters (Altman 1968, Altman et al. 1977, Cadden 1991, Jain and Nag 1997).
and it encourages diversity of approach to core issues. In order to develop the intended model, I needed to build on knowledge accumulated through the years.
People constitute any organization's core resource for competitiveness (Rastogi 2000. On the other hand, if an increase in labor-productivity is related only to an increase in working hours and not to a net production output,
have a core overriding objective that is, to survive (Gouldner 1954,1959). According to this school, the internal conflicts appear
An organization's adaptability to its environment is the core concept in this theory (ibid. The combination of rationality and openness in organizational systems is made clear in James D. Thompson's (1967) work.
The core concept in this approach is to look at the organization as a production system trying to maximize its output (Scott, 2003.
Selecting the core parameters of the intended model: The literature-driven phase SELECTION OF NONFINANCIAL VARIABLES Qualitative variables provide a useful addition to financial ratios.
Selecting core parameters of the intended model: The theory-driven approach Existing performance models treat firms as closed systems in isolation from their external environments.
The way I approached the usage of the two core parameters was to relate them to the external environment of the firm through two concepts:
We have analysed carefully the seven core projects which have identified 93 Good Practices (GP) and worked on their transferability.
or core competencies and resources in order to better respond to business opportunities, and whose cooperation is supported by computer networks.
The ERIK Action project was the 3rd consecutive project from the same core partnership, following ERIK and ERIK+(complemented by ERIK Network under Innovating Regions in Europe programme).
or ended previous cooperative initiatives promoted by the same core partnership under INTERREG IVC. In other words, it refined the selection of GPS from previous projects.
or core competencies and resources in order to better respond to business opportunities, and whose cooperation is supported by computer networks.
The core elements of the smart specialisation concept for policy include: Self-discovery or entrepreneurial discovery process.
OECD (2012) The contribution of key enabling technologies (KET) to smart specialisation Modern core technologies, referred to as key technologies (KET) such as nanotechnology, micro and nanoelectronics, advanced materials, photonics,
and explains that the parks are seen increasingly as instruments to accelerate economic development and international competitiveness. 11 With open innovation in the core of Brainport's development strategy-along with new forms of participation,
With Leuven and Aachen, Eindhoven constitutes the core of the European Top Technology Region ELAT.
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 78 OECD 2013 NOTES 31 With open innovation in the core of Brainport's development strategy-along with new forms of participation-,the Eindhoven triple helix
research institutes with core R&d capacities and expensive common equipment were crucial in order to reach minimum critical mass in the region.
Local industrial structure analysis shows Gwangju lacks future core industries. Therefore, in order to prepare for the future,
and made this a core priority, committing hundreds of millions of support to encourage development
and prioritisation in the region The regional economy of Upper Austria is characterized by its very strong industrial core.
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system should be much stronger in the future.
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system is insufficient. Also, the participation and activity of other stakeholders and societal partners (entrepreneurs, civil society organisations) in advisory bodies is low
The innovative core of the nascent cluster structures is underpinned with a growth-and competition-oriented basis by innovation policy instruments.
Companies in the biotechnology, medical engineering and pharmaceutical industries form the innovative core of the healthcare industry'cluster
The expansion of the cluster is to create new jobs by way of the continuous further development of the innovative core,
and are hence able to focus on their respective core competences. The competence and reach of a cluster is expanded systematically in parallel to its growth process.
The activities of the cluster management have to focus on the smaller innovative cores, where the close cooperation of academic institutions and enterprises gives the opportunity for sustainable growth.
The core of this design process lies in the definition of priorities for knowledge-based economic development, identified on the basis of a region's unique strengths and potentials.
Every cluster has an innovation core: the R&d field is included in the core of the cluster.
Extract from Dutch questionnaire: The Top Sectors Approach is an integral approach that spans through both R&i and economic domains. 48 Extract from the Basque country questionnaire:
EBSF can become the core of the transport network for seamless mobility of urban citizens.
'Despite this growing core of shared insights, there is also a gap that can be distinguished between two major approaches in innovation studies.
The core of this approach is the actual conceptualisation of innovation as a process in which the generation of variations and making choices alternate.
The growth of strategic alliances in new core technologies during the 1980s illustrates this situation (Hagedoorn, 1995.
This may explains why firms usually prefer to concentrate their resources toward core activities. To obtain complementary assets,
trends, networks and corporate patterns in non-core technologies. Research Policy 24,207 231. Jacquemin, A.,1987.
and ensures that transport can continue to deliver its core role for a thriving European economy in a user-oriented, safe and environmentally-friendly way.
and businesses is at the core of the European transport policy. Today, transport policy is at a crossroads.
And third, there is a significant gap between the core countries of the European union and Central and Eastern europe and Southern Europe, both in the terms of research & development capacities and in innovation performance.
and while it caught up to the United states in total outsourcing spending after the Great Recession, U s. firms remain far ahead of European firms in terms of outsourcing and offshoring core business functions. 115 Again,
and a firm's outsourcing potential depends largely on the ability of a firm to reorganize itself around its core competencies. 141 These organizational effects of ICT end up facilitating more significant productivity gains than firms would achieve simply by optimizing individual processes.
25 Core and periphery of the R&d network...28 5. The determinants of international R&d linkages...
whether R&d networks exhibit the properties of the core/periphery structure and identify the members of each group.
and numerous countries that are connected only to the core countries. Again, because of these properties, the global R&d network shows strong similarities to the network of international trade
Such distribution of the betweenness centrality measure might be a sigh that the network exhibits a core/periphery structure, in
which few countries form the core of the network and the remaining ones are placed at the outskirts of the network.
Like in the case of the betweenness centrality, this property might hint that the global R&d network has a core/periphery structure.
The betweenness centrality index, b i C, in Table 6 reflects the position of a country as a core or a hub in the network of international R&d centres.
Own calculations 28 Core and periphery of the R&d network The observations made in previous section concerning the betweenness
and closeness centrality indices delivered some hints indicating that the analysed R&d network might have core/periphery structure.
we want to empirically assess to what this network can be described as a core/periphery structure.
The notion of core/periphery is based on the fact that many real world networks can be divided into two distinct subgroups of actors that can be identified by the type and number of connections.
One subgroup is referred to as a core and another as a periphery (Alba and Moore 1978, Laumann and Pappi 1977.
The core of network is a dense, well-connected subgroup and, conversely, the periphery consists of nodes loosely connected to each other,
but connected to some members of the core. In the terminology of block modelling, the core is seen as a 1-block,
and the periphery is seen as a 0-block, where 1 represents the existence of a connection between two nodes and 0 the lack of it.
The core/periphery structure has been found in a number of studies on, for example, scientific citations network (Doreian 1985), international trade (Smith and White 1992) or corporate structures (Barsky 1999.
i e. where nodes belonging to the core are connected with other nodes from the core and periphery and nodes belonging to the periphery are connected only with some core nodes,
can be defined as: i j i j i j a,,, (14) otherwise if c CORE or c CORE i j i j 01,15) where
i j a, indicates the presence or absence of a connection in the observed data,
i c refers to the group (core or periphery) to which node i is assigned to,
i e. the measure of core/periphery structure, achieves its maximum when and only when (the matrix of i j a,)
In other words, reports the results of Pearson correlation and it can be said that a network exhibits a core/periphery structure to the extent that the correlation between the ideal structure
In order to detect the core/periphery structure in our data, we use a genetic algorithm to find a partition such that correlation between the data
this indicates that the underlying data exhibits very strong core/periphery structure. This is further confirmed by the reported density measures for individual partitions.
Whereas the core-core partition has a density level at 0. 886, the same value for the periphery-periphery partition is only slightly higher than zero.
In other words, the nodes belonging to the core are connected very well with each other and relatively well connected with peripheral nodes,
Core/periphery model statistics Goodness of fit*Starting fitness 0, 906 Final fitness 0, 906 Density matrix Core Periphery Core 0, 886
the majority of countries in the core are developed countries with a relatively 3 This algorithm is implemented in UCINET software Borgatti, S. P.,Everett, M. G. & Freeman, L. C. 2002.'
However, the presence of such countries as China, India or Taiwan in the core indicates that these developing countries are slowly taking major and indispensable roles in the global R&d network.
and constitutes the core of the network, whereas the second one comprises of a large number of heterogeneous countries that build the periphery of the network.
Block membership by country Core Periphery Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South korea, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, USA Argentina
Turning our attention to the core of our analysis, i e. the impact of a country's position in the global R&d network on the likelihood of forming a link and its intensity,
explains the strong core-periphery characteristics of the R&d network. In such a network, a number of countries are connected to only a few network'hubs,
'A Core/Periphery Structure in a Corporate Budgeting Process.''Connections, 22:2, 22-29. Bartlett, C. & Ghoshal, S. 1990.'
'Models of core/periphery structures.''Social networks, 21:4, 375-95. Borgatti, S. P.,Everett, M. G. & Freeman, L. C. 2002.'
and identify its core members. Further, we include network indices in an empirical analysis of the R&d internationalisation determinants.
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