the discussion about smart grids is at the core of the energy debate. It concerns technical, organisational,
the Core of the Concept The concept of smart specialization comes from reflection generated around the structural gap between Europe and the USA (Pontikakis et al. 2009),
on the contrary, appears as the core element to achieve specialized diversification processes. Third and finally, the link among the RIS3 and the ex-ante condition of the Structural Funds put high pressure on the deadlines to have defined them
1593-0319 41 Even though entrepreneurial discoveries are in the core of the strategies (they are the way to achieve the mentioned specialised diversification) there was no real integration (or at least an operative one) of them.
The core of smart specialization lays in the radical innovations that arise from the creative combination of technologies and/or sectors.
DG Research and Innovation within the Ministry of Industry and Innovation, Gobierno=Regional Authority Core Working group:
Four meeting of information of stakeholders in July (economic and social partners, research, innovation, education) Aragon on the S3 platform Sevilla Meeting S3 platform Core working group Ministry
PROGRAMME 2. EXCELLENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP Programme 2 constitutes the core of science policy in the region,
and synergies to be exploited by better integrating social challenges at the core of innovation activities.
this concluding section is structured to reflect the four core themes of WP2. 6. 1 Conceptual linkages between S3
The concept of the mundane economy embraces sectors that loom large in meeting core human needs-such as health education, food, water, housing, energy, social care and the like
This socio-ecological critique challenges the conceptual core of the S3 concept-which is need that regions to differentiate themselves,
Our core argument here basically consisted of two warnings to policy-makers and practitioners alike:(i) that the social enterprise sector was too heterogeneous to justify generalisations about its contribution to either S3
because the core argument of this reflections paper is that social innovation is too amorphous and heterogenous a concept,
Learning processes are at the core of entrepreneurship and SME innovation. Yet many emerging and potential business creators are lacking entrepreneurship skills such as in risk assessment,
seeks to contribute to the manufacturing capabilities of Japanese industry by creating networks between SME companies that possess core basic technologies with downstream normal industry,
and regional level) into a series of 30 core products that will share a common brand.
A number of innovation-related products are included also in the range of core business support products,
Based on these core messages the following key policy recommendations are formulated. Key policy recommendations Design advice and training programmes for start-up entrepreneurs who have strong technological knowledge
or legal headquarters may diverge from the place where it carries out its core economic activities.
E 164 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 The importance of entrepreneurship skills for SMES and start-ups Learning processes are at the core of entrepreneurship and SME development.
Box 4. 1. Core characteristics of entrepreneurs Knowledge. An entrepreneur is able to identify and extract knowledge that is relevant.
because they require the integration of several other skills, with both a horizontal understanding of business development and a vertical specialisation in one or more fields related to core competitive advantage.
Teachers are pressed hard to deliver on their core programmes the basis for recruitment and promotion and those not working on core activities can find it difficult to justify strong investments in what may be seen by their hierarchies and peers as side projects, whatever the expressed interest of the students.
Teaching approaches must also evolve to accommodate how entrepreneurship skills are learned best rather than be tethered to traditional classroom forms.
1) Successful learners are skilled in generic processes and activities such as core skills; appreciate the relevance of what they are learning;
Examples from this group include the provision of management skills for integrating e-commerce into the core business.
7 in this particular case the core mission is to provide health services, but in conjunction with preventing illness through a wider approach to the different factors influencing illness (poor housing and diet).
5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 193 Health-related problems are at the core of the initiative of pharmaceutical scientist Victoria G. Hale,
15.7%in Portugal and even European core countries such as France and Italy have high rates of inactivity (10.4 and 10.6%respectively;
and run on standard Intel Pentium 4 CPU 1. 70 GHZ Machines with 512 MB RAM, WINDOWS XP professional OS.
in order to address society's core challenges arising from the mega trends. The last few years have seen the term Social Innovation being used increasingly widely
As social issues are the core component of innovation it requires the creation of new relationships in the decision making and delivery process.
Profitability that is sustainable to the company and society is the core component of successful Social Innovation,
In addition profitability that is sustainable to the company and society is their core ethos. The companies'overall vision should be dynamic,
and is a core element of Social Innovation. It is a mixture of B2b and B2c models, focussing to a higher degree on a number of social parameters (environment, business ethics, etc.),
We have explored how Social Innovation is positioned ideally to meet the rapidly changing core needs of both individual citizens
-A core objective of Government policy thinking is balanced regional development'.'The NSS represents the Government's roadmap for achieving this objective.
which will deliver short‘hands on'courses in core computer science for pupils aged 14-15,
organizational characteristics and technology 5 No Some Viscio and Pasternak (1996) Global core, governance, business units, services and linkages 5 No No Timmers (1998) Product/service/information
value network and competitive strategy 6 No No Gartner (2003) Market offerings, competencies, core technology investments,
and bottom line 4 No Some Hamel (2001) Core strategy, strategic resources, value network and customer interface 4 No No Petrovic et al.
objectives, value proposition, resource sources, success factors, channels, core competencies, customer segments, and IT infrastructure8 No No Applegate (2001) Concept,
It is something of an historical irony that the core elements of the adaptation problems attending this GPT's diffusion into widespread business application may be seen to derive from the historical selection of a trajectory of innovation that emphasized the"general purpose"character of the paradigmatic
After all, if we hadn't brought your processor to its knees, why else would you get a new one?
But, Triplett's argument seems to suppose that operationally relevant computer speed is indexed appropriately by CPU-speed,
that CPU speed may be weighted too heavily by the hedonic indexes for hardware, inasmuch as the utility of (net) computer power 37 Fortuitously,
many have highlighted that at the core of social innovations is this intention to create something better.
consultancy and so on) and as such supporting the adoption of the core‘content'of the innovation. After this initial period, their role is likely to shift
their role is to allow the core innovation to fit into a new context. But sometimes adaptations change the nature of the original innovation,
The survey complements IRIMA's core activity, the EU Industrial R&d Investment Scoreboard 7 which analyses private R&d investments based on the audited annual accounts of companies and shows ex-post trends.
and ethnic distinctions) and a reflexive approach to knowledge and practices among the core competencies that are crucial in creating A Culture of Innovation.
The core of this program will be a platform that implements and integrates new generic but fundamental capabilities of the Future Internet,
This core platform will be based on integration of already existing research results developed over the past few years,
using the properties of the core Future Internet platform. Examples of these use cases are a smarter electricity grid, a more efficient international logistics chain
The very success of the Internet is now creating obstacles to the future innovation of both the networking technology that lies at the Internet's core and the services that use it.
CPUS, etc. and handlers (software programs/routines) that generate and treat as well as query and access Data storage of data:
i) the Context Executive (CE) Module which interfaces with other entities/context clients,(ii) the Context Processing (CP) Module which implements the core internal operations related to the context processing
The Context Information Base (CIB) provides flexible storage capabilities, in support of the Context Executive and Context Processor modules.
, the number of CPUS,(ii) N-time queries, which collect information periodically, and (iii) continuous queries that monitor information in an ongoing manner.
This can include common operations such as getting the state of a server with its CPU
which can measure attributes from CPU, memory, and network components of a server host, were created.
RNM (Reasoning and Negotiation Module), a core element of the KP, which mediates and negotiates between separate federated domains.
V3 UCL's Experimental Testbed located in London consisting of 80 cores with a dedicated 10 Gbits/s infrastructure
and Grid5000-an Experimental testbed located in France consisting of 5000 cores and linked by a dedicated 10 Gbits/s infrastructure.
The evolution of DSL access architecture has shown in the past that pushing IP routing and other functions from the core to the edge of the network results in sustainable network infrastructure.
The core part of EPS called Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is extended continuously with new features in Release 10 and 11.
Due to the collateral effects of this change a convergence procedure started to introduce IP-based transport technology in the core and backhaul network:
Release 5 (2003) introduced the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core network functions for provision of IP services over the PS domain,
the Evolved Packet Core (EPC. Compared to four main GPRS PS domain entities of Release 6,
and three main functional entities in the core, i e. the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the Serving GW (S-GW) and the Packet data Network GW (PDN GW).
Towards Scalable Future Internet Mobility 41 entities in the same residential/enterprise IP network without the user plane traversing the core network entities.
LTE is linked to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in the 3gpp system evolution, and in EPC, the main packet switched core network functional entities are still remaining centralized,
keeping user IP traffic anchored. There are several schemes to eliminate the residual centralization and further extend 3gpp. 3. 2 Ultra Flat Architecture One of the most important schemes aiming to further extend 3gpp standards is the Ultra Flat Architecture (UFA) 16 20.
with the exception of certain control functions still provided by the core. UFA represents the ultimate step toward flattening IP-based core networks
e g.,, the EPC in 3gpp. The objective of UFA design is to distribute core functions into single nodes at the edge of the network, e g.,
, the base stations. The intelligent nodes at the edge of the network are called UFA gateways.
to reduce the number of HIP Base Exchanges in the access and core network, and to enable delegation of HIP-level signaling of the MN by the UFA GWS.
but still remain in the core network. A good example is the Global HA to HA protocol 34
DIMA (Distributed IP Mobility Approach) 35 can also be considered as a core-level scheme by allowing the distribution of MIP Home Agent (the normally isolated central server) to many and less powerful interworking servers called Mobility
Core network nodes are mainly simple IP routers. The scheme applies DHT and Loc/ID separation:
, by using Hi3 50 for core-level distribution of HIP signaling plane) are also feasible. 5 Conclusion Flat architectures infer high scalability
and IP-enabled radio base station (BS) entities are connected directly to the IP core infrastructure.
due to lack of core controller entities base stations are managed no more centrally; hence failure diagnostics and recovery must be handled in a fully distributed and automated way.
Since all the BSS are connected directly to the IP core network, hiding mobility events from the IP layer is much harder.
and Architecture Design Project for New Generation Network 3 argue that the importance of wireless access networks requires a more fundamental redesign of the core Internet Protocols themselves.
The core contribution of this paper is the distillation of an initial model for RWI based on an analysis of these state of art architectures and an understanding of the challenges.
An identification of a core set of functions and underlying information models, operations and interactions that these architecture have in common.
Accountability and traceability can be achieved by recording transactions and interactions taking place at the respective system entities. 3. 2 Smart Object model At its core,
The Cognitive Enablers represent the core of the Cognitive Framework and are in charge of providing the Future Internet control and management functionalities.
Mobile Terminals, Base Stations, Backhaul network entities, Core network entities. The selection and the mapping of the Cognitive Framework functionalities in the network entities is a critical task
Core Network entities. There not exist a unique mapping between the proposed conceptual framework over an existing telecommunication network.
The Metadata Handling and the Elaboration functionalities (and in particular, the Cognitive Enablers which are the core of the proposed architecture) are independent of the peculiarities of the surrounding Resources, Actors and Applications.
Mobile Terminals, Base Station, Backhaul network entities, Core network entities: the most appropriate network entities for hosting the Cognitive Managers have to be selected environment by environment.
453 MHZ Broadcom Processor with 8 MB Flash memory and 64 MB RAM; a WAN port and four LAN up to 1 Gigabit/s) and cross-compiled the code,
which are the core of the Cognitive Managers, can potentially benefit from information coming from all layers of all networks
For example, routing table memory of core Internet routers can be considered a public good that retail ISPS have an incentive to over-consume by performing prefix de-aggregation with Border Gateway Protocol (BGP.
For example, it must be assumed that the core routers forward packets at line-speeds of tens of Gigabits per second
In another dimension, the rendezvous system is split into common rendezvous core and scope-specific implementations of scope home nodes that implement the functionality for a set of scopes.
This pub/sub primitive is the only functionality implemented by the rendezvous core. We refer to our work in 5 for a detailed description of the rendezvous security mechanisms.
When a cached result cannot be found in the rendezvous core, the subscription reaches the scope,
Our core goal is to incept a transverse methodology that enables to manage assurance throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC.
and translators to and from the core formal models should be devised and migrated to the selected development environments.
Two valuable migration activities have been carried out by building contacts with core business units. First, in the trail of the successful analysis of Google's SAML-based SSO, an internal project has been run to migrate AVANTSSAR results within SAP Netweaver Security
FIA projects like RESERVOIR or VISION are conducting research on core technological foundations of the cloud-of-clouds such as federation technologies, interoperability standards or placement policies for virtual images or data
Many of these developments can be expected to be transferred into the Future Internet Core Platform project that will launch in 2011.
& service brokers (2010), http://www. processor. com/editorial/article. asp? article=articles%2fp3203%2f39p03%2f39p03. asp 15.
What should motivate the data collectors/processors to implement such technology? Actually, in many cases, their business model relies on the as-less-restricted-aspossible use of private data.
it notably requires a high level of trust in the data collector/processor. We presented some initial thoughts about how this problem can be mitigated through the usage of a tamper proof implementation of the architecture.
It provides a core infrastructure, and also a playground for future discoveries and innovations, combining research with experimentation.
which allows regulating system resources such as CPU usage and memory, and provides also a monitoring tool, Ganglia, that measures network metrics, such as round trip time and other statistics,
and using Xen server technology to regulate CPU usage. During this scenario the adaptive admission control and resource allocation algorithm is tested against network metrics, like round trip time and throughput.
so that resource like CPU usage and network throughput get high values. During the setup, the researcher wants to test http proxy software written in C programming language that implements an admission algorithm.
needs to monitor the CPU usage of the Web application and Database machines. Then the algorithm should be able to set new CPU capacity limits on both resources.
Additionally the algorithm should be able to start and stop the work load generators on demand. 3 Technical Environment, Testbed Implementation and Deployment From the requirements of the use case,
and a CPU CAPACITY used to set the max cpu capacity of the resource. A Use-Case on Testing Adaptive Admission Control 241 Fig. 2. The Resource adapters of the available testbed resources Fig. 3. RADL definition for the RUBIS application
()is able to give back the CPU usage of the database resource. 5 Conclusions The results of running an experiment in Panlab are encouraging in terms of moving the designed algorithms from simulating environments to near production environments.
The very success of the Internet is creating obstacles to the future innovation of both the networking technology that lies at the Internet's core and the services that use it.
Among the core drivers for the FI are increased reliability, enhanced services, more flexibility, and simplified operation.
which in the core-network segment are mostly based on optical transmission technology, but also in the access segments gradual migration to optical technologies occurs.
+In anycast services the SML provides just a description of the required IT resources (e g. in terms of amount of CPU),
The ability to trade IT-services as an economic good is seen as a core feature of the Internet of Services.
Furthermore, we propose an SLA management framework that can become a core element for managing SLAS in the future Internet.
The service paradigm is a core principle for the Future Internet which supports integration, interrelation and inter-working of its architectural elements.
We propose an SLA management framework that offers a core element for managing SLAS in the future Internet.
On the highest level, we distinguish the Framework Core, Service Managers (infrastructure and software), deployed Service Instances with their Manageability Agents and Monitoring Event Channels.
The Framework Core encapsulates all functionality related to SLA management, business management, and the evaluation of service setups.
3rd Party Manageability Agent Infrastructure Service<<provider relations>><negotiate>><customer relations>>Monitored Event Channel<<control/track>><evaluate>><prepare/manage>><prepare/manage>><publish>><adjust>>Manageability Agent Software Service<<adjust>>deployed infrastructure service deployed software service<<negotiate>>framework core
but software layer considerations are considered not core to this Use Case and are dealt more comprehensively with in the ERP Hosting Use Case.
The Infrastructure SLA specifies the characteristics of the virtual or physical resources (CPU speed, memory,
-enabling of core Telco services and their addition with services from third parties (as Internet, infrastructure, media or content services).
and execute different tasks with core mobile network systems that are behind Telefónica Software Delivery Platform (SDP).
We explained a generalpurpose SLA management framework that can become a core element for managing SLAS in the future Internet.
use of the CPU, memory assignment, packets lost and others. The invocation of the methods can be done by the AMSS,
as maximum and minimum, requisites for an instance (memory size, storage pool size, number of virtual CPUS, 346 E. Santos et al.
The Internet of Services is seen as a core component of the Future Internet: The Future Internet is polymorphic infrastructure,
The use of services as the core abstraction for constructing Linked Data applications is therefore more generally applicable than that of current data integration oriented mashup solutions.
Second, the development of advanced networking technologies in the access and core parts, with Qos assurance is seen.
or multiple core network domains having content aware processing capabilities in terms of Qos, monitoring, media flow adaptation,
Scalability is achieved by largely avoiding per-flow signalling in the core part of the network. In the new architecture, MANE also can act as content caches,
and this process 398 Q. Zhang and E. Izquierdo took only a few seconds on a PC with Pentium D CPU 3. 40ghz and 2. 00gb of RAM.
Innovation lies at the core of smart enterprises and includes not only products, services and processes but also the organizational model and full set of relations that comprise the enterprise's value network.
Core nodes are linked by an underlying high speed optical network having up to 1 000 Gbit/s bandwidth capacity provided by CANARIE.
PDU Servers (Dell Poweredge R710) To core network Wind power node architecture (Spoke) Switch (Allied Telesis) Raritan UPS (APC) PDU Servers (Dell
Poweredge R710) Hydroelectricity power node architecture (Hub) MUX/DEMUX To core network Backup Disk Arrays Gbe Tranceiver MUX/DEMUX GSN-Montreal
which is connected then to the core network through GE transceivers. Data flows are transferred among GSN nodes over dedicated circuits (like light paths or P2p links), tunnels over Internet or logical IP networks.
The Platform Control plane corresponds to the Core Middleware layer, implementing the platform level services that provide running environment enabling cloud computing
Given that each VM occupies one processor and that each server has up to 16 processors,
20 servers can be moved in parallel. If each VM consumes 4gbyte memory space, the time required for such a migration is 1000sec.
Living Labdriven innovation ecosystems may evolve to constitute the core of 4p (Public-Private-People-Partnership) ecosystems providing opportunities to citizens
At the core of Periphèria lies the role of Living Labs in constituting a bridge between Future Internet technology push
three main core functionalities can be identified: Urban Communications Abstraction. One of the most urgent demands for sustainable urban ICT developments is to solve the inefficient use (i e. duplications) of existing or new communication infrastructures.
the IERC cluster 24 or the emerging PPP Iot Core Platform Working group discussion 25, multiple different approaches for First Generation Iot-platforms are currently being implemented.
As a connection point between two networks (sensors networks deployed throughout the city and the core IP communication network),
Research Challenges for the Core Platform for the Future Internet. In: M. Boniface, M. Surridge, C. U (Eds.
At the same time, much less is written about the majority of small and micro size firms that constitute the core of the economy.
At the same time, most small businesses that constitute the core of the economy do not innovate. Most SME innovations are marginal improvements of already existing products,
where the core actors and suitable investment priorities and to allocate resources efficiently are more easily identifiable.
The analysis is reproduced also by focusing exclusively on a number of core and peripheral EU regions,
78 are classified as‘periphery'and 147 as‘core'.'A relevant characteristic of the regions in the‘periphery'group is a much lower average score for quality of government with respect to the‘core,
'both for the composite Qog index and for all of its four categories. 3 The regression results of the fixed effects model estimated for the two subgroups are presented in Table 3 in the appendix.
while columns (6)-(10) report the same specification for the regions in the core of Europe.
The estimates confirm the presence of significant differences in the factors that affect innovation in the core and the periphery of Europe.
By contrast, core regions whose quality of government institutions is generally much higher, benefit little in terms of innovation from further increases in quality of government.
Patents application Peripheral regions Core regions (1)( 2)( 3)( 4)( 5)( 6)( 7)( 8)( 9)( 10) Patents application (t-1
a maturing venture capital scene as well as higher workforce mobility. v Each participating SME's core area of operation was standardized using the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system whereby‘Finance,
In summary, a set of core issues and recommendations were agreed, as follows: recognition of the role of universities as a key partner in taking forward successful Smart Specialisation Strategies in partnership with other stakeholders in the region;
The above set of core issues and recommendations could valuably feed into the assessment of RIS3 and monitoring and evaluation of Structural Fund Operational Programmes that fund research and innovation activities.
The core question is how to design calls to meet common interests aligning regional development strategies with university research expertise and interests.
‘Corporate social innovation'may be an important new business area for private companies and a core driver of innovation'.
and most donors prefer funding projects and programmes rather than core costs. The lack of reliable and sustainable grant funding has left the sector vulnerable to outside shocks
ELECTRIC VEHICLE INITIATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHARGING STATION INFRASTRUCTURE THE CREATION OF CRITICAL MASS AND FOSTERING OF THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR OBJECTIVE Users SUPPLIERS Core Government DISTRIBUTION R&d Agents
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