and accessories (Entertainment Software Association 2011) and $30 billion on crafts and hobbies in 2010 (Craft and Hobby Association, 2011;
Individuals can now access software, games, and social communities through smartphones, computers, and their gaming consoles (Williams, Yee,
we assign each gamer to a particular segment based on the highest estimated individual probability of segment membership Pr (i 2 g). 24 In the four panels of Figure 4,
The panels in Figure 5 show the results by segment and content choices j=1,..20.
or facilitate the transmission of knowledge to beginners-through changes in the parameter 2. The results are presented in the two panels of Figure 9. On the top panel,
while the lower panel reveals the percentage of participating users, for both the actual and counterfactual cases.
as the bottom panel shows, consumers are more active with the content. This engagement is especially important in later stages of the game
Entertainment Software Association (2011), Top 10 industry facts, October 10th. 12. Golder, P. N. and G. J. Tellis (2004), Growing, Growing, Gone:
and long-term outlook (Anderson and Reeb 2003). These differences might be explained partly that family involvement affects activities and processes differently,
software of the mind. London: Mcgraw-hill. Holt, DT, Rutherford, MW, & Kuratko, DF. 2010). ) Advancing the field of family business research:
was subsequently transform into a panel variable by combining it with the World bank Governance Indicators (WBGI)( Kauffmann et al.,
the owner/manager's deep understanding of the industry and market contribute to creating a‘realistic'outlook:
Another reported disadvantage that is very typical of SMES is the difficulty concerning the development of a long-term strategic outlook that is necessary for OI to be successful.
improving transparency and allowing software programmers to create extra value from underused data by, for example,
This call to focus innovation and R&d policy on the Grand Challenges has also been echoed by the recent Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy,
'the Panel argues that within innovation policy, the‘priority has been investing in knowledge rather than utilizing it rapidly and 10 powerfully for societal benefit and development'.
'The Panel proposed broadening the concept of innovation to include social innovation as well as business innovation.
the Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy allude to a new kind of research which is multi-disciplinary
Together, The New Nature of Innovation and the recommendations of the European Technology Platforms Expert Group, the Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy and the European Research Area Board make a strong
These might include employers seeking new types of skills (e g. better ability to work in teams, or software programming.‘
One is new forms of mutual action between individuals such as open source software and web-based social networking around issues such as the management of chronic disease or childcare.
The public can submit art and commentary on claims of pending patent applications in computer architecture, software, and information security.
training programmes lack coherence, comprehensiveness or global outlook, and few developed channels exist for spreading skills, knowledge and experience.
The Business Panel on Future Innovation Policy notes that the current finance system is not fit for the new types of innovation required to address grand societal challenges.
or a global outlook. There are scattered elements of what is needed in civil service colleges, NGO training programmes, schools for social entrepreneurs and business schools.
I and II programmes (with Urbact created in 2003 to support networking between cities in Urban II) cxxxix Programme EQUAL, funded by the European Social Fundor the EU's Community Initiative cxlaccording to a Business Panel
The development of new spaces for collaboration is one of the five major recommendations of the Business Panel on Future Innovation Policy. clxxi SIX,
Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society.
Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy. Available at: http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf. Accessed 3 december 2009. xii Ibid. xiii Fora et al (2009) The New Nature of Innovation, p. 12
European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society.
Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy. Available online: http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf (accessed 08 january 2010.
/equal/index en. cfm cxli European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation:
Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy, p. 25. Available online: http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf cxlii Op cit. pg 9. cxliii Op cit. pg 25. cxliv NESTA (2007
See European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society.
Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy. Available at: http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf. Accessed 3 december 2009. clxxii"Unleashing the innovation potential of European SMES,
"INNO-Partnering Forum's view on the future European Innovation Plan, 8th december 2009. clxxiii European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe
Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy. Available at: http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf. Accessed 3 december 2009
This is an intervention carried out with a comprehensive outlook with regard to strategic projects for the region.
For example, bringing together diagnostic computer programmes, call centres and nurses to provide new kinds of healthcare; bringing together the very old idea of‘circles of support'brought within the criminal justice system;
including software, gaming and music. Other landmark projects that gave people a licence to be creative in other fields include:
and the ideas being developed by Mydex that adapt vendor relationship-management software tools to put citizens in control of the personal data held by big firms and public agencies.
and Industry (now DBIS) and the Food Standards Agency. 68) Citizen's panels are similar to citizen juries
but is used increasingly to refer to services as well. 82) Fast prototyping emerged first in the software field,
and trains suppliers in the use of the software of the bidding process. The auction takes from two hours to a few days
Image courtesy of The Climate Project. 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 97 Prize in conjunction with the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for‘their efforts to build up
and open-source software such as the Linux operating system, the Mozilla Firefox browser, and the Apache web server.
maintain, and improve the software. Peer-to-peer platforms can be characterised by decentralisation, self-selected participation,
volunteering and, in some cases, social uses of marginal business assets, such as Salesforce's provision of software to nonprofit organisations,
of alternative models for running schools in India. 455) Social uses of commercial technology such as IBM's use of translation software on its Meedan website of Arabic blogs,
One is new forms of mutual action between individuals whether in the form of open-source software,
Paris. 4 SUPPORT IN THE INFORMAL OR HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY 197 providing others, selling information on users and so on. 1 In the field of opensource software,
99 Group Health 21 Hackney's Online Citizen Panel 43 Hammarby Sjöstad 112 Harvard university Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation 162 Hattie
200 Liftshare 198 Limited liability Partnerships (LLPS) 65 Linux 139 Live Work 31 London Climate Change Agency 158 Mapping 17-19
which seeks to promote positive social change by building innovative software solutions with a social conscience 7. Initiatives such as Games for Change1,
/or software tools (installation, training, and subsequent reorganisation), continuous maintenance, servicing costs and telecommunications charges.
partially solved by the establishment of vertical, thematic or regional e-marketplace portals and efficient search engines, On average, across European union (EU),
The major obstacles could be overcome by having a software infrastructure with services at acceptable costs
The ecosystems are, in fact, characterised by intelligent software components and services, knowledge transfer, interactive training frameworks and integration of business processes and egovernance models.
The latter step in the adoption of Internet-based technologies for business, where the business services and the software components are supported by a pervasive software environment,
and software components and services developed for that area of business will appear. These components are based on a set of specific requirements in sectorial,
which could be software components, applications, services, knowledge, business models, training modules, contractual frameworks, laws, These digital species,
WTC regulations Basic protocols, network infrastructure TCP IP XML, ebxml organs Software components, business models Open source models, operating systems Simple species Grass, worms
, tiger Small organizations, universities, chambers o f commerce Basic e-services, Simple services Accounting sys, Payment sys, Groupware sys. Group
and software components and services developed for that area of business appear. These components are based on a set of specific requirements in sectorial,
Generic software components and applications adapted for the specific sector (e g. adaptation of customer relationship management systems,
user profiling systems,)New developed or imported sector-specific software components (e g. reservation systems or yield management systems for tourism sector;
software sharing, common development of open source software open and distributed common infrastructure use of digital business ecosystems Complexity of regulations Actions:
to guarantee the independence from hardware and software platforms, the highest interoperability and the possibility to reuse the preexisting information and services..
Models for sector-specific ecosystems The use of open source infrastructure, the convergence on open standard and open systems, the strong support for interoperability (if necessary through the creation of compatible free software;
provides the digital support for the economical development of small organisations fosters the private entrepreneurship on the sector of production of software components and services.
Stimulus for small and local ICT software and service providers The ecosystems stimulates the innovation
the smallest software producer can compete on equal terms with the most powerful corporations. Competitiveness and innovation is increased then,
generating a supply of software with better conditions of usability, in a model of continuous improvement.
at the local level, the technicians who provide support for proprietary software produced by multinational companies do not have the knowledge and the possibility of high-level development.
The possibility to develop software components and solutions creates more technically qualified employment and a framework of competence
As Na°s and Leppa lahti (1997) remark, a notorious problem with longitudinal statistical analyses such as enterprise panels is attrition
Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, OECD, Paris. OECD (2005), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities:
evidence from the Vienna software sector, Economic geography, Vol. 85 No. 4, pp. 443-62. To dtling, F. and Kaufmann, A. 1999), Innovation systems in regions of Europe a comparative perspective, European Planning Studies, Vol. 7 No. 6, pp. 699-717.
) Martijn Visser (CWTS) Don Westerheijden (CHEPS)* Erik van Wijk (CWTS) Michel Zitt (OST) International expert panel Nian Cai Liu (Shanghai
The international panel was consulted at key decision making moments in the project. Crucially, given the user-driven nature of the new transparency instrument designed within the project,
field specific) software; access to computer support Data easily available. 15 Student gender balance Number of female students as a percentage of total enrolment Indicates social equity (a balanced situation is considered preferable.
One may mention audio visual recordings, computer software and databases, technical drawings, designs or working models, major works in production or exhibition and/or award-winning
They are more or less‘ready to use',such as machinery, software, new materials or modified organisms. This is often called‘technology'.
This is a service based on the automatic recording by Google's search engine of citations to any author's publications (of whatever type) included in other publications appearing on the worldwide web. 24 See:
further development and implementation of the on-line tool and related software development. Marketing and communication:
and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
to be the first of a yearly outlook focused on digital trends emerging from both the managerial and scientific literature,
as said above, the book aims to be the first of a yearly outlook focused on digital trends emerging from both the managerial and scientific literature.
and Nadia Neytcheva Head of Research at the Business Technology Outlook (BTO) Research Program who have provided
and all the bright researchers at Business Technology Outlook (BTO) Research Program that have supported me in carrying out interviews, surveys, and data analysis:
122 6. 4. 5 Social Software and Collaborative Systems and Tools...123 6. 4. 6 Online Communities...
''In 2011, GE announced $1 billion investment to build software and expertise on Big data analytics, launching a global software center in San ramon, California.
developing software and data science capabilities for GE's Big data domain of interest(‘the industrial Internet').
Indeed, the GE assesses the success of software and analytics by their enabling a new portfolio of compelling service offerings, helping, e g.,
http://www-01. ibm. com/software/data/bigdata/./Accessed 9 jul 2013 7. Pospiech M, Felden C (2012) Big data a state-of-the-art.
how GE is building big data, software and analytics capabilities for an‘‘Industrial Internet.''''http://sites. tcs. com/big data-study/ge-big data-case-study/.
and specialized software applications 2. It is the latest development in the computing models that performs computing functions on multilevel virtualization and abstraction by integrating many IT resources.
Service Models Dhar 4 defines cloud computing as the structure that provides the ability to the users to utilize the hardware, software,
From this definition, three levels of cloud computing can be defined (see Fig. 2. 1). The first level is the Software as Service (Saas). In this layer,
The second one is Microsoft windows Azure platform, which is composed of three components. The first component which is Windows Azure provides Windows based environment to enable users to run applications and store data in data centers.
reliable access to data using large clusters of Application Layer---Business Applications, Web Services Multimedia Platforms---Software Framework (Java, Python,.
In this case, it is critical to build trust mechanisms at every architectural layer of the cloud. 7. Software frameworks.
The concerns that can arise here come from the compatibility issues between the Internet-scale file systems that host the software frameworks such as Mapreduce on one hand,
since the service provider will be in charge of their jobs of providing software and hardware support. 4. Based on the last point,
It is a platform that allows multiple OS and related applications (called Virtual machines VMS) to run on a cloud machine concurrently to facilitate sharing of cloud resources.
cost-effective. 7. Insecure APIS The Applications Programming interface (APIS) are the software interfaces that document how to communicate with the concerned software.
Innovation New Hardware/Software Experience Fig. 2. 3 Cloud computing supplier selection. Adapted from 19 36 2 Cloud computing necessities.
Cloud computing is simply about an innovative IT model for providing an ondemand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources such as networks, servers and software applications.
and software they need over the internet and without any limit. Also, it provides many benefits
Proceedings of the first workshop on hot topics in software defined networks, pp 97 102 7. Corradi A, Fanelli M, Foschini L, Elettronica D, Deis
+Smart mobile communications iphone, ipad, Android OS Smartphones and tablets Cloud computing Amazon, dropbox, Google, Salesforce. com, Windows Azure, etc.
Integration, facing the issue of the alignment and adaptation to enterprise information systems, at software as well as data level.
Development Platforms for Mobile Applications (App) based on a reference framework Application integration with enterprise information systems (software and data) Device management (data privacy and security) Software solutions
store These stores are managed at global level by manufacturers of mobile operating systems (Apple, Samsung, Google, Microsoft, RIM),
, the use of two or more operating systems on the same mobile device. These solutions on the one hand, provide the user with a certain Table 3. 6 Solutions suitable to enable device security management Solutions Benefits Drawbacks Mobile device management Simple to install Provide centralized management of the devices used by the user
Require investment in infrastructure to ensure the effectiveness of the solution 3. 3 Digital Management Solutions 59 degree of freedom in the choice of the device and operating systems;
and business data as well as operating systems (the former managed by the mobile operators, the latter by the IT department of the company where the user is actually working).
To this end, the adopted solution should have been able to operate on different mobile devices, regardless of operating system,
Run Everywhere, enabling the development of a single app, compatible with different operating systems (OS), such as, e g.,
, ios, Android, Blackberry, Winmobile), as well as facilitating the updates by the users 29,30. Thus, the Kony solution have been selected to deliver Toyota's Mobile Shopping Tool application,
Mobile services initiatives have to consider integration with existing back-end systems without the need to rewrite the application for multiple types of OS,
and implemented with Vodafone a Sales force Automation mobile app for ios based tablets (ipad). The goal of the solution was to provide more useful information to sellers to increase the effectiveness of the sales (historical data on the customer, complete catalog, real time inventory, etc.
Then, the Warehouse Management Software (WM) SAPDIRECTLY has to indicate where the scanned unit must be stored.
In order to overcome this potential problem can be useful to enhance search engines'capabilities and mining tools with lexical integration through instruments such as
sentiment analysis software (or opinion mining) try to monitor all the relevant matters discussed online. Even though is not easy to create an accurate and reliable system,
As well as a search engine allows searching information through websites, an opinion search engine can easily find judgments
and evaluations about the argument the users are looking for. In this context, it is important to underline Horringan 22 reported that out of 2000 American adults'sample in 20071: 81%of internet users looked for information about product using internet at least once,
Thus, according to Pang and Lee 12 a sentiment analysis software has to be able to:
several other technologies are yet available such as Mashup systems, RSS syndication, social bookmarking, Podcast and widget.
Moreover, in addition to web browsers, also web server software can be attacked easily by malware and other threats.
and software Histograms and sketches for data stream computation problems (see 37 for a survey) a According to 42 Hyperscale storage is measured a storage space in terms of petabytes,
In particular, the areas of interest involved the open source practices, the professional use of 3d elements, software development and open innovation.
what protection software they have as well as the provisioning and support they will need. It also provides the legal requirements to govern this trend.
Fourth segment is about the issues related to software and apps used on the consumerized devices.
there are concerns raised about the possibility of harmful software being introduced into the enterprise network by poorly protected smartphones,
Dropbox. 2. The increased variety and complexity of personal and mobile devices as well as different operating systems and applications that all requiring management will lead to increased costs. 3. The possibility of losing mobile devices would likely increase when the organization uses
because they run different operating systems that may occasionally connect to the corporate network, but are connected always to the Internet.
To decide which operating systems and devices to support: this is an important procedure in order not to ensure that the technology choices wouldn't 5. 3 Steps for IT Consumerization 97 overwhelm the IT staff;
This includes considerations related to software requirements, bandwidth options, management needs, and investment parameters 14.5. To stay up-to date with changing and new technologies:
such as those listed in Table 5. 2. 1 Engage Stakeholders 2 Update Security Model 3 Decide on OS and devices 4 Plan Deployment 5 Stay current with Technology Fig
which is based a cloud management solution that can provide a rich platform to manage Android, iphone,
and Windows phone devices. Also, it includes information protection by using Active directory Rights Management Services, which provide the infrastructure that is needed to protect office content and other Information Rights Management.
migration to up-to-date Linux, IOS and Windows versions to reduce cost; reducing application portfolio and application migration;
and associated application software from the physical client device that is used to access it 5. 5. 3 Virtualization Strategy This strategy enables enterprises to quickly achieve business benefits gained from IT consumerization by moving the desktop and/or applications into a data center.
The users of this solution can access enhanced media and graphic software from virtually any place and on any device.
and security risks involved in using certain software applications. Legal considerations. It is crucial to consider the different legal
there are direct effects for IT consumerization on the existing IT policies and procedures regarding hardware and software failure.
Table 5. 4 Desktop delivery option On your own Bring your own Choose your own Here is your own Consumer desktop Enterprise desktop Consumer OS Consumer OS Enterprise OS
Enterprise OS Local workspace Local workspace Local workspace Local workspace Session roaming Session roaming Virtual desktop Virtual workspace (server
a recent research claim that nearly half of all the workers (46%)surveyed have graded their employers with extremely low marks for applying IT consumerization strategy 5. Table 5. 5 Sample IT support policy Devices Operating systems Files
For example, Microsoft's $1. 2bn acquisition of Yammer has positioned the software giant to introduce enterprise social networking capabilities to its existing business collaboration systems such as Sharepoint, Exchange, Lync and Office 365 17.
Yammer will accompany Skype software, which is a communication product that Microsoft acquired last year for $8. 5bn
the value of it is in the software or app that can also be used on desktop computers and other devices such as ipad.
Moreover, with its one-X software for smart phones, Avaya also allows its employees to make the mobile phone acts as an extension of the corporate network.
It provides support to any employee-owned Apple and Android phones, and tablets that meet its minimum operating system requirements.
POINT OF ATTENTION: It is necessary to realize the importance of engaging people from all departments at the company
and it is supported by technologies such as electronic meeting systems, videoconferencing systems and instant messaging software applications like email and chat programs.
This software system is a suite of tools that provide configurable features of collaborative working methods;
However, electronic meeting systems need to be distinguished from classic groupware and from web conferencing systems.
The main difference from groupware is the degree of collaboration. Groupware provides support for collaboration within groups of participants where their contributions are recognizable.
In contrast EMS enables the group to produce an artifact in a cooperative way, in
Also, during the execution of a business process, both groupware applications and EMS support and complement each other:
the groupware provides teams with capabilities related to researching and documents creation during the preparation stage for an EMS session or throughout the implementation of the results of such a conference.
In contrast, web conferencing software complement EMS with screen-sharing as well as the ability for the voice interaction functionality that is necessary in synchronous online conferences and does not exist in EMS 12.
and the way the workflow is configured pre in such software applications. Several associations in industry issue their own standards of document control criteria that are used in their particular field 4. Moreover,
and Information technology 4. 6. 4. 5 Social Software and Collaborative Systems and Tools Nowadays, people are using social networking massively.
The term social software is general and it applies to systems used outside the work environment or workplace.
Software products such as email calendaring, text chatting, wiki, and bookmarking belong to social software category. However, when these applications are used at work to facilitate the accomplishment of business tasks, processes and objectives,
then they are called collaborative software. Collaborative software is designed an application to assist people involved in a common task
The use of such software at the work place stimulates a Collaborative Working environment (CWE) that supports individuals as well as those who work as a team regardless of their geographical locations by providing them with the necessary equipment that aids communication, collaboration
Examples of such collaboration software in the market include: Microsoft Sharepoint, IBM Lotus notes and Google apps for business.
The latter one contains many useful applications such as Google doc for file sharing among team members, Google Calendar for scheduling meeting at times that works for everyone with features such as reminders,
Google Drive for storing, sharing and accessing files from everywhere, Google Sheets that enable spreadsheet 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems
and Ideas 123 management with easy charts and discussion style comments, and finally, Google Slides that allow users to create presentations together.
Also, Siglin 17 has provided examples of other video collaboration software. The first one is provided by Accordent Inc.
which have gained the ability to capture live content that synchronizes with Powerpoint, webpages, and live video streams.
and explain some of the most adopted collaborative tools in the market such as Skype, Dropbox, and others.
Skype This application is a free voice over internet Protocol (VOIP) service and instant messaging that is developed by the recently acquired company by the software giant, Microsoft.
Skype can be used to meet the following goals: calling and video conferencing over the internet;
train team members on using software using screen sharing ability with others; cheap calls on landlines and mobile devices;
instant text messaging from computer to computer; conduct meetings and conferences. Dropbox Dropbox is a file hosting service that offers many capabilities such as cloud storage and file synchronization.
Google Drive and Google docs Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service provided by Google
In this service, the files shared publicly on Google Drive can be searched with web search engines. Google docs is a freeware web-based office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service.
It allows users to create and edit documents, spreadsheets and presentations online while collaborating with other users live.
With Google docs users and companies can do the following: create, collaborate on, share and edit documents online;
collaborate in a real time, which means that the users can see the changes instantly; manage different revisions of a document;
and share Microsoft office documents directly within a Web browser. It provides the ability to integrate with Microsoft office and outlook.
Users can share the documents on social networks. It supports geo-location data for photos uploaded onto the service.
Microsoft Onenote Onenote is a software from Microsoft that enables a free-form information gathering and provides capabilities for multi-user teamwork.
and it is available for different operating systems. Also, Microsoft offers a web-based 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems
This software allows companies and users to: create notes, outlines, clippings of websites, and collections of images;
which is acclaimed a globally online meeting and collaboration applications and software services provider. The introduced technology has succeeded to achieve high satisfaction rates from both the members of the faculties and the students.
Bhana I, Johnson D (2006) Developing collaborative social software. Comput Sci ICCS 3992: 581 586 16.
Software C (2013) Collaborative software. In: Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Collaborative software 17. Siglin T (2011) Video collaboration tools.
Social networking software and argumentation systems are just two examples of the ongoing research in this important area of digital governance.
The production of highly innovative software and hardware products has always been the focus of Apple and, traditionally,
The launch of the ipod, the portable media player, in combination with the itunes software, a system that allows users to access the Apple store to buy online music
and brought to the market hardware and software products with a high degree of innovation, but it has transformed radically its business environment,
In fact, the search engines like Google and Yahoo! are some of the most visited websites and they make money thanks to sponsored links and paid advertising;
It is designed as a mix between the style and appearance of ios with the convenience of Facebook.
and experience on Google software, developed at the IBM Research Lab in Haifa, while his two partners both have extensive experience in the banking industry.
and the software itself is developed for easy integration with other systems. 10.7.1 Developer Noldus Information technology was established in 1989,
a software Table 10.10 User value indicators Fast learning Yes User interface Very good User experience Very good Process impact Low User feedback Good Wow effect
and led to starting a company for the development of software dedicated to behavioral research.
On the Mobile Payments side, the ios and Android app, on the one hand, allows customers to pay with their smartphone, with no need for cards or cash, reducing by 10 s the single transaction;
and drawbacks of Cloud computing, considered an innovative IT model for providing on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable resources such as networks, servers, and software applications.
Social influence, 51,54 Social listening, 67,68, 72,78, 80,85 Social media, 5 Social network analysis, 69 Social software, 123 Software as service (Saas), 24
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