increasing the geographic and time coverage and the number of companies. The target is to cover fast-growing medium-sized companies, particularly those in key sectors such as health and the ICT-related industries.
while maintaining an EU focus by complementing this coverage with the inclusion of the top 1000 R&d investing companies based in the EU4.
The 2013 questionnaire has a rather high number of items compared to its predecessors due to the coverage of country comparisons in questions 6 to 8. 2) The questionnaire was sent together with the Scoreboard report to take advantage of this occasion as a door-opener.
etc. and the term service to refer to any action performed on data or other services and the related Application programming interface (API).
2 Note however that this document does not take position on the localization and distribution of these APIS. 3 Analysis Approach Since its creation,
So, it is not feasible to make efficient storage decisions that guarantee fast storage management, fast data mining and retrieval,
and (distributed) querying and also solutions for large scale/real-time data mining/social network analysis, so as to achieve successful retrieval and integration of information from an extremely high numer of sources across the network.
(when the wireless link cannot be conditioned to properly control its error rate or due to transient wireless link interruption in areas of poor coverage), rendering the typical reaction of congestion control mechanism of TCP inappropriate.
but simplicity seems to be progressively decreasing see Section 3. 4 Point 3. Note that simplicity is added explicitly as a design objective to-at least-prevent further deterioration of the complexity of current architecture (following the Occam's razor principle).
on Privacy for Advanced Web APIS 12/13 July 2010, London (2010), http://www. w3. org/2010/api-privacy-ws/report. html 34
Filtering rules based on accuracy objectives should be applied at the CCPS, especially for the N-time and continuous queries, for the same reason.
In our case, the filtering percentage matches the accuracy objective of the management application requesting the information.
providing almost perfect broadband radio coverage in residential and working areas, and offloading the managed, pre-panned macro-cell network 14.
and configurations for managing services and networks are used to ensure transference of results to other systems as result of sensitivity analysis.
1. Underlying system assumptions, 2. functional coverage of the services provided by the architectures, 3. underlying information models in the architectures,
or architectural services. 3. 1 Functional Coverage of RWI Architectures This section explores the different functional features provided by the service functions of the existing architectures to support the interactions between resources and resource users and the corresponding
n 74 A. Gluhak et al. 4 Analysis of Existing Architectures In this section we briefly review five of the most relevant RWI architecture approaches with respect to the functional coverage provided in the context of the above defined reference architecture.
and a table at the section's end summarizes the functional coverage of the five main architectures. 4. 1 ASPIRE The ASPIRE architecture ASPIRE is based on EPGGLOBAL EPC with a number of objective-specific additions.
Functional coverage of current RWI architecture approaches LLAAL Using an RDF-based registry Contextual Manager provides an ontologybased information storage that captures sensor information
Functional coverage of current RWI architecture approaches LLAAL N/A n/A n/A LL AAL Sensor-level ontology.
The IDN-SA exposes an IDN-API (Application programming interface) on top of which IDN-compliant Applications can be developed.
-back links, to enable the mechanism of notification of IDN-nodes updates to parentnodes (back propagation.
, users, contents, services, network resources, computing resources, device characteristics) via virtualization and data mining functionalities; the metadata produced in this way are then input of intelligent cognitive modules
Fig. 2 highlights that a Cognitive Manager will encompass five high-level modular functionalities, namely the Sensing, Metadata Handling, Elaboration, Actuation and API (Application Protocol Interface) functionalities.
The Sensing, Actuation and API functionalities are embedded in the equipment which interfaces the Cognitive Manager with the Resources (Resource Interface), with the Actors (Actor Interface) and with the Applications (Application Interface;
metadata Enriched data/servicse/contents Monitored Actor related information Aggregated metadata (present context) Exchanged metadata TO/FROM OTHER PEER COGNITIVE MANAGERS Applications API functionalities Application
With reference to Fig. 2, the Sensing, Metadata Handling, Actuation and API functionalities are embedded in the Semantic Virtualization Enablers,
In addition, these enablers control the sensing, metadata handling, actuation and API functionalities (these control actions,
API functionalities are in charge of interfacing the protocols of the Applications managed by the Actors with the Cognitive Enablers.
allow the adoption of innovative and abstract closed-loop methodologies (e g. constrained optimization, data mining, adaptive control, robust control, game theory, operation research, etc.)
However, the name ontology was used first only in the seventeenth century by Johannes Clauberg 2. In the area of technology its initial use was performed by Mealy in 1967 20 and expanded especially in areas of artificial intelligence, database
This domain has worldwide coverage and hierarchical scalability formed by elements of local communication, masters and slaves, similar to DNS (Domain name System).
it just uses TCP's API so it looks the same to applications. This, plus the following two bullets, help MPTCP be incrementally deployable.
ie the API is unaltered (although there will also be enhanced an API for MPTCP-aware applications).
MPTCP is an extension for end-hosts it doesn't require an upgrade to the routing system;
since there is no API (Application programming interface) for ASPS to affect how their traffic will be handled. ASPS and HUS can employ protocol obfuscation techniques
Proc. of the Workshop on Ubiquitous Knowledge discovery for Users at ECML/PKDD, pp. 51 64 (2006) 15.
PKCS#11 specifies an API for performing cryptographic operations such as encryption and signature using cryptographic tokens (e g.,
A possible solution is to specify an API to access the database that is compatible with the event handler.
This API should be defined as a standard interface to communicate with the event handler and access to the database.
The service has to exclusively use an interface compatible with the standardized API, and this should be subject to audit by an external trust authority
Fig. 3. A sketch of data track administration console The particularity of this API is that all the methods to access the data can be detected by the event handler.
and the standardized API facilitate the distinction between authorized and non authorized actions. 5 Conclusions Cloud computing
As a result of this use case a new feature for Panlab was developed called Federation Computing Interface (FCI) API
A Resource Adapter (a concept similar to device drivers) wraps a domain's resource API in order to create a homogeneous API defined by Panlab.
Details and specifications of Panlab's components can be found at 1. This paper describes an experiment made utilizing the Panlab's framework and available infrastructure.
As a result to accomplish the needs of this experiment was the development of a new feature of Panlab's framework called Federation Computing Interface (FCI) API.
and how Panlab framework is able by means of Federation Computing Interface API to managed resource.
when there is a need to configure a resource that offers an API for configuration. The user can configure the resource through some Configuration Parameters.
and Operating the Experiment The scenario during the experiment utilizes the Federation Computing Interface (FCI) API that Panlab provides 5. Federation Computing Interface (FCI) is an API for accessing resources of the federation.
Nevertheless, the achievable accuracy of such measurements depends on the synchronization status of the involved observation points.
In the specific use case the goal of the NDCM Decision making engine is the identification of high average packet error rate (PER) values for the end clients that consume a VOIP service.
thus reducing packet error rate value. If the clients use the less demanding codec, then the change priority solution is checked.
and different combinations of codec types and priorities (high low) have been set in order to measure the arising packet error rate,
G. 711.1 Voip flows that traverse the Wimax BS and face high packet error rate. The modification of the service class prioritization at the BS side (from low priority to high priority class) is not effective,
packet error rate reduction) that could be achieved by applying the appropriate adaptation considering the network conditions.
but very promising experimental findings, mainly based on the context of a specific use-case for network coverage and capacity optimization, highlighting the way towards developing specific NM-related solutions,
mechanisms for extending the coverage of the wireless access infrastructure and service provisioning to locations that cannot be served otherwise
but very promising experimental findings, mainly based on the context of a specific use-case for network coverage and capacity optimization, highlighting the way towards developing specific NM-related solutions,
That is, by applying self management techniques intending to optimize the network in terms of coverage, capacity, performance etc.
In competitive markets, end-users wish to have access to a network offering adequate coverage and services of high quality,
Applying self-aware mechanisms can conduct to network performance optimization in terms of coverage and capacity, optimization of Qos delivered to the end-user and reduction of human intervention 31.
Enhanced Network Self-Manageability in the Scope of Future Internet Development 287 4 Experimental Results for Network Coverage and Optimization In current practice, wireless network planning is a difficult
Several monitoring parameters should be taken into account for optimal coverage and capacity formation, while diverse configuration actions can be available that in many cases are interrelated,
A characteristic use case, particularly studied, was relevant to the challenge for achieving coverage and capacity optimization, for the underlying network.
specific NM problems have been taken into account, under the wider scope of wireless networks coverage and capacity optimization family 32.
Fig. 3. Network Topology of the proposed Use Case for Coverage and Capacity Optimization. Fig. 4 illustrates the total duration of the channel selection that takes place with the activation of an AP. It is shown that Soekris 1 and Soekris 4 need more time for channel selection.
In the future internet era, mechanisms for extending the coverage of the wireless access infrastructure and service provisioning to locations that cannot be served otherwise
Opportunistic Networks, Node Selection, Coverage Extension, Capacity Extension, Future Internet. 1 Introduction The emerging wireless world will be part of the Future Internet (FI.
Challenges such as the infrastructure coverage extension or the infrastructure capacity extension, arise. Opportunistic networking seems a promising solution to the problem of coverage extension of the infrastructure
in order to provide service to nodes which normally would be out of the infrastructure coverage or to provide infrastructure decongestion by extending its capacity.
In general, opportunistic networks (ONS) involve nodes and terminals which engage occasional mobility and dynamically configured routing patterns.
this work discusses on the ON creation as a means to provide extended coverage to the infrastructure
and provides the algorithmic solution of the opportunistic node selection problem statement with respect to indicative scenarios such as the opportunistic coverage extension or the opportunistic capacity extension.
is investigated by taking into consideration three metrics including coverage, power and distance of each node from a specified area.
These works are proposing specific sensor node selection algorithms by taking into consideration attributes such as the area of coverage, the navigation/mobility issues of moving sensors,
For example, mesh networking is used not for the expansion of the coverage of the infrastructure, but for the wireless coverage of an area using various Radio Access Technologies (RATS) 8. Hence,
they are governed not operator. Moreover, ad hoc networking uses peer nodes to form an infrastructure-less, self-organized network 9,
A prerequisite of each case (e g. opportunistic coverage extension or opportunistic capacity extension) is that the nodes need to have some type of access to the infrastructure,
Fig. 3 illustrates the opportunistic coverage extension scenario. According to this scenario, a node which acts as a traffic source like a laptop or a camera is out of the coverage of the infrastructure.
As a result, a solution would comprise the creation of an ON in order to serve the out of infrastructure coverage node.
Opportunism primarily lies in the selection for participation in the ON of the appropriate subset of nodes
since congestion situations can be resolved as illustrated in Fig. 4. Fig. 3. Opportunistic coverage extension scenario.
in order to serve the out of infrastructure coverage nodes. To that context in order to gain awareness of the status of the candidate nodes in the vicinity,
but it is used for a rather short-range coverage (e g. 10 meters). Also, every new message is created at a 30-second interval
Operator-governed ONS are a promising solution for the coverage or capacity extension of the infrastructure by providing extra coverage or capacity wherever and whenever needed without the operator having to invest to expensive infrastructure equipment
in order to serve temporary load surge in an area. For the efficient creation of the ON, specific node attributes need to be taken into consideration
and the requested accuracy of the monitoring (significantly impacts on the number of events to be processed).
From a technical perspective, the most difficult piece in the realization of the whole use case was the knowledge discovery about the nonfunctional behaviour of the different components, e g. the performance characteristics of the middleware.
also used to generate the OWL, by the OWL API (version 3. 0. 0. 1451).
work on exposing datasets behind Web APIS as Linked Data by Speiser et al. 4, and Web APIS providing results from the Web of Data like Zemanta1.
We see that there are possibilities for Linked Data to provide a common‘glue'as services descriptions are shared amongst the different roles involved in the provision,
As of September 2010, the coverage of the domains in the Linked Open Data Cloud is diverse (Figure 1). The cloud now has nearly 25 billion RDF statements
and the release of the Opengraph12 API by Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook's CEO claimed recently that Open Graph was the the most transformative thing we've ever done for the Web 13.3 Services on the Web Currently the world of services on the Web is marked by the formation of two main groups
publicly available Web APIS, also referred to as RESTFUL services (properly when conforming to the REST architectural principles 7). RESTFUL services are centred around resources,
In contrast to WSDL-based services, Web APIS build upon a light technology stack relying almost entirely on the use of URIS, for both resource identification and interaction,
and more scalable solutions covering Web APIS as well. 8 http://backstage. bbc. co. uk/9 http://news. bbc. co. uk/sport1/hi/football
which may be based WSDL or Web APIS, for which we provide in essence a Linked Data-oriented view over existing functionality exposed as services.
and SA-REST for Web APIS. To cater for interoperability, MSM represents essentially the intersection of the structural parts of these formalisms.
as well as a procedural view on the increasing number of Web APIS and RESTFUL services, which appear to be preferred on the Web.
hrests extends the MSM with specific attributes for operations to model information particular to Web APIS,
The former is based a web tool that assists users in the creation of semantic annotations of Web APIS,
and on service discovery algorithms to provide a generic semantic service registry able to support advanced discovery over both Web APIS
as well as the first to provide advanced discovery over Web APIS comparable to that available for WSDL-based services.
The keys, before each colon, are ambiguous strings that must be understood per API; in Linked Data, on the other hand, geonames itself provides a predicate
AAAI Spring Symposium Linked Data Meets Artificial intelligence, March 2010, AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2010) 10.
IEEE/WIC/ACM Int'l Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent agent Technology, December 2008, pp. 619 625 (2008) 19.
Popular techniques related to storing and enforcing high-level information include neural networks, expert systems, statistical association, conditional probability distributions, different kinds of monotonic and nonmonotonic, fuzzy logic, decision trees, static and dynamic
Neural networks are employed in this approach to classify features extracted from video blobs for their classification task.
10,12, in which the object's likelihood can be calculated from the conditional probability of feature vectors.
TN FP FN 10 2891 4 63 Precision Recall Accuracy ROC area 71.40%13.70%97.74%63.1%Football stadium TP TN FP
FN 4 2950 3 11 Precision Recall Accuracy ROC area 57.10%26.70%99.53%97.1%As it can
the limited accuracy of the mid-level feature extractors and the abstractness and sparse distribution of the query terms throughout the dataset. 6 Conclusions In this chapter an approach for semantic context learning and inference has been presented.
Machine learning 9 (4), 309 347 (1992) 400 Q. Zhang and E. Izquierdo 9. Fan, J.,Gao, Y.,Luo, H.,Jain, R.:
IEEE Transactions on Neural networks 13 (4), 793 810 (2002) 18. Qian, R.,Haering, N.,Sezan, I.:
IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 22 (12), 1349 1380 (2000) 20. Vailaya, A.,Figueiredo, M. A t.,Jain, A k.,Zhang, H. J.:
Video data mining: Semantic indexing and event detection from the association perspective. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data engineering, 665 677 (2005) Part VIII:
on the one hand they can increase the efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness in operation and management of the city's complex ecosystem and, on the other,
as discussed in Section 2. Also relevant will be the definition of open APIS, so that USN platforms could provide support for third-party's agents interested in the deployment of different Smart City services,
The cardinality of the different stakeholders involved in the smart city business is so big that many nontechnical constraints must be considered (users, public administrations
V) is the conditional probability that individual i belongs to segment g given her complete history of observed choices ai,
The constituents of the scoring variables was undertaken a factor analysis, and the resulting factors would the input of a cluster analysis.
The present analysis also had the aim to investigate the state of planning and how innovation process of Romanian SMES is linked with it.
and factor analysis was used to reduce the number of items in some scales. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was utilized to analyze the relationships between the variables in the final model.
Expert systems with Applications, 27,459 465. Cohen, WM, & Levinthal, DA. 1990). ) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation.
For example, looking at the field of technological innovation, the success of Silicon valley can be attributed largely to the clustering of technology firms
and some for developers, running the gamut from methods using artificial neural networks and‘hedonic'price models to fuzzy logic methods and, for the eager,‘auto-regressive integrated moving averages methods'and‘triple bottom line property appraisal methods'.
clustering the regional efforts on achieving excellence in science and technology. Network of Technological Centres:
Artificial intelligence, for example, 1 16 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION has been used in family law in Australia
methods using artificial neural networks and‘hedonic'price models (which attempt to define the various characteristics of a product or service), spatial analysis methods, fuzzy logic methods;‘
‘auto-regressive integrated moving averages methods';'and‘triple bottom line property appraisal methods'.'10 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 105 223) Operational metrics,
and the coverage of core costs. 4 403) Direct funding for individuals, including the grants given by Unltd, The Skoll Foundation,
systems for ecommerce, e-procurement, Supply Chain Management, Customer relationship management, Enterprise resource planning, logistics, planning, knowledge management, business intelligence, e training.
They might include systems for electronic payment, for certification and trust, enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management e-procurement.
Generic software components and applications adapted for the specific sector (e g. adaptation of customer relationship management systems,
coverage of the territory number of applications and services present diffusion and availability of the infrastructure.
The activities of the Triple Helix actors are measured in terms of probabilistic entropy, which, when negative, suggests a self-organizing dynamic that may temporarily be stabilized in the overlay of communications among the carrying agencies (e g.
The Consensus Space has a broad coverage of the governance concept, including government and non-government actors who interact continuously to exchange resources
The large-scale research programmes in data mining funded by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) at Stanford and a few other universities provided the context for the development of the Google search algorithm that soon became the basis
Configurational Information as Potentially Negative Entropy: The Triple Helix Model. Entropy 10,391-410. Leydesdorff, L.,Etzkowitz, H. 1996.
Emergence of a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Science and Public Policy 23,279-86.
their coverage in national databases...84 Table 4-2: Availability of U multirank data elements in countries'national databases according to experts in 6 countries (Argentina/AR, Australia/AU, Canada/CA, Saudi arabia/SA, South africa/ZA
and business studies and should have a sufficient geographical coverage (inside and outside of the EU) and a sufficient coverage of institutions with different missions. 16 In undertaking the project the consortium was assisted greatly by four groups that it worked closely with:
An Advisory board constituted by the European commission as the project initiator which included not only representatives of the Directorate General:
However, difficulties with the availability and comparability of information mean that it would be unlikely to achieve extensive coverage levels across the globe in the short-term.
or twenty times that number and extending its field coverage from three to around fifteen major disciplinary fields,
While this may improve data coverage, such self-reported accounts may not be standardized or reliable, because respondents may interpret the definitions differently.
and Scopus. 23 Both are commercial databases that provide global coverage of the research literature
It has a relatively poor coverage of non-English language publications. The coverage of publication output is quite good in the medical sciences, life sciences and natural sciences,
but relatively poor in many of the applied sciences and social sciences and particularly within the humanities.
The alternative source of bibliographical information, Elsevier's Scopus database, is likely to provide an extended coverage of the global research literature in those underrepresented fields of science.
their coverage in national databases Dimension EUMIDA and U multirank data element European countries where data element is available in national databases Teaching & Learning relative rate of graduate unemployment
coverage; research & knowledge transfer: publications; patents; concerts and exhibitions; start-ups. As the institutional questionnaire and the U-Map questionnaire partly share the same data elements,
although the above discussed harmonization steps imply high levels of accuracy and coverage (see also Magerman, 2009;
is it possible to extend U multirank to a comprehensive global coverage and how easy would it be to add additional fields?
The pilot study suggests that a global multidimensional ranking is unlikely to prove feasible in the sense of achieving extensive coverage levels across the globe in the short term.
The prospects for widespread European coverage are encouraging. A substantial number of institutions both from EU and non-EU European countries participated in the projects.
We would argue that U multirank should aim to achieve a relatively wide coverage of European higher education institutions as quickly as possible during the next project Phase in Europe the feasibility
If the rankings were updated on a three-year rolling schedule this would allow coverage of 15 fields.
At that stage a better informed decision about the feasibility of extending the coverage of the rankings to further fields could be taken.
and has to fill the gaps to attain European or worldwide coverage. At the same time activities based on the top-down approach might help to make the system known
The objective would be to achieve full coverage of institutional profiles and have a sufficient number of comparable institutions.
EC, foundations, other sponsors) with a combination of a variety of market sources contributing cost coverage plus some cost reductions through efficiency gains. 8. 9 A concluding perspective U multirank
targeting the institutions required to reach sufficient coverage for all relevant profiles. The nature of the ranking has to remain global
70 4. 3. 1 Text mining and Conversation's Analysis...72 4. 3. 2 Classification and Analysis Methods and Solutions...
Maturity Model Integration COBIT Control Objectives for Information and related Technology COC Cross Organizational Collaboration Cop Community of Practice CRM Customer relationship management CSCW Computer
This New Dehli based manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters integrated its Customer relationship management (CRM) with contextual data on young women customer experience entering India's workforce.
and velocity of data (real-time) Timeliness and accuracy Management Industry/Organization Establish clear goals and articulate a vision coherent with market opportunities, effectively engaging customers, employees and other relevant stakeholders Leadership Management Organization Investments in human resources with a mix of new analytical skills and business
, machine learning, statistics, and operations research, among others. Furthermore, centralization of the staff is motivated by three factors:
Harv Bus Rev 90 (10): 61 68 9. Wang RY, Strong DM (1996) Beyond accuracy:
and manage server instances in data centers using APIS. The second one is Microsoft windows Azure platform,
access pattern and application programming interface. 2. 2. 2 Advantages and Risks in Cloud computing Outsourcing Projects Cloud computing is like any other new development in IT,
cost-effective. 7. Insecure APIS The Applications Programming interface (APIS) are the software interfaces that document how to communicate with the concerned software.
The CSP publishes those API to allow users to discover the available features of the cloud computing. However,
insecure APIS would invite attackers'attention to know the architecture of the CSP and internal design details which would lead to major security concerns for CSP as well as customers like cyberattacks
FDM is a combination of the Fuzzy logic, which is an approach for computing that is based on degrees of truth rather than the usual true
Therefore, the fuzzy logic is used to provide more accuracy in making judgments and solves the problems exist in AHP 22.
and how the transformation to the cloud computing model would help to meet those Outsourcing Provider Evaluation System Function Service Quality Integration Economics Professionalism Usefulness Ease of use Accuracy Tangibles Reliability Security
As a consequence, companies face unprecedented challenges in terms of marketing perspectives and Customer relationship management (CRM) vision, actually redefined in terms of Customer Experience Management (CEM.
clear and userfriendly systems able to really help consumers in their online decision making processes. 4. 3. 1 Text mining
and Conversation's Analysis The developing potential about text mining for sentiment analysis and opinion mining represents an extension
and evolution of the traditional researches about text mining. In particular sentiment analysis means the computerized analysis of opinions,
Finally, the precision and the accuracy of the classification can be influenced by the domain of the elements in
/Finally, statistical approaches are used for machine learning such as Support vector machines (SVM) and Elastic-net Logistic Regressions (ENETS.
, the trustworthiness, accuracy, and completeness of data collected through sensors which most of the time are verified not for their provenance;
In the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence (AAAI2006) Volume 2 (pp 1331 1336. AAAI Press 28.
Lu H-M, Chen H, Chen T-J, Hung M-W, Li S-H (2010) Financial text mining:
Frequent data interactions can increase data accuracy, and at the same time the degree of data sharing will be increased 8. Moreover,
finding contact information or labeling data to prepare it for the use in machine learning 21.
Hyman pointed out also that the following identity-related motivations security experts see as constraints and causes for a limited accuracy of costs estimations 8: 134 7 Digital Business Identity
Using powerful machine learning algorithms, it provides extremely accurate profiling and segmentation of consumers based on habits and spending preferences.
) The system has been tested extensively with scientific research accuracy and the underlying science of emotions is the result of years of studies The advantages,
However, among the discussed digital innovation practices we have found also a coverage of digital work and collaboration (Mezzanine) as well as digital business identity (Tycoon) issues.
204 Customer experience management (CEM), 67 Customer relationship management (CRM), 67 Customer support, 34 Cybercrime, 134 136,143 DDATA, 4 Data deluge, 4
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