smart business, company, home smart city information security, security technology gamification, simulation and optimisation technology e-learning systems big data data mining software development remote monitoring
sensing computer-based instruments and measurement and process control improvements numerical modelling and simulation machine learning data centres, data transmission networks etc.
The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission's behalf may be held responsible for the use
A provisional thematic clustering of DSI organisations is emerging, grouping activities into 6 macro clusters that capture the way DSI is growing and developing:(
and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending project has a strong focus on government finance,
open APIS, and citizen science such as Open Data Challenge and Open Cities that provide citizens with better public services,
social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning and e-petitions. The main technological trends in DSI 0100 200 300 400 Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Safecast OPEN NETWORKS Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart
and from the environment The explosion of new types of data analytics and machine learning means that it is no longer only government
and standardised APIS is crucial for open innovation, as developers are able to access and use public data
The Internet ecosystem today is highly centralised The current Internet is dominated by a handful of mainly US companies that control all the layers of the ecosystem (app store, cloud, machine learning, devices),
such as the NHS reform and accuracy improvements required by the Department of health and therefore has formulated not yet a robust value for money case to either replace
and while the Authority has a strong preference for the electronic submission of prescriptions for reasons of accuracy and efficiency;
and there is a desire within the Authority to improve accuracy and reduce costs further across the service.
and are being replaced with new scanner equipment that is expected to improve both throughput and accuracy,
and avoiding some of the accuracy pitfalls associated with scanning and character recognition. The first release of EPS in 2005 did not include the ability to process payments.
Items that the Authority processed using the legacy system consistently met the accuracy target in 2011-12.
The Authority failed to meet its accuracy target for items processed through the CIP system in 2010-11
the impact of legacy ICT Figure 5 Performance against accuracy target The legacy system consistently met the accuracy target in 2011-12.
Items processed by the CIP system met the accuracy target from October 2011 NOTES 1. CIP accuracy is based on a check of 50,000 transactions a month carried out by an internal quality team.
Legacy accuracy is based on an internal check of 80 transactions from each operator. Source: The Authority 3. 5 The Authority achieved its target for processing
Strategy and business model Our assessment Key finding Now Future The Authority is taking steps to improve efficiency and accuracy.
or make alternative arrangements. 4. 6 Another aim of the Authority is to continually improve the level of service provided to customers in terms of information accuracy
and speed. 11 The installation of new scanner equipment will help to improve accuracy at the same time as increasing the capacity of the system to help cope with the increasing volume of transactions.
the impact of legacy ICT 4. 30 The proposed refresh of the scanner equipment is expected to increase the throughput of each scanner from around 17,000 images per hour to 23,000 images per hour at the same time as improving the accuracy of the intelligent character recognition,
and customers. 5. 5 The best potential for accuracy and efficiency improvement appears to rest with the Electronic Prescriptions Service (EPS),
Public financial assistance to expand coverage for under-served groups and remote areas could complement private investment where appropriate,
OECD (1980), OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Trans-border Flows of Personal data. 6 Government on-line On-line provision of government information and services can increase the efficiency and coverage
complement private investment with public financial assistance to expand coverage for under-served groups and remote areas.
and could also reinforce clustering around the richest industrial and urban areas, and increase the economic and social disparities between urban and rural populations.
In developing countries, multi-user services can be a very important tool for increasing coverage
Features such as increased distribution coverage guaranteed delivery times, improved operational performance, endtoend logistics services or track and trace services are offered increasingly as value-added delivery services.
there are important gaps in ADR coverage. This means that the existing set of ADR schemes offering to resolve business-to-consumer disputes related to e-commerce transactions is scattered still and incomplete within the European union.
and innovation themes Open cloud based platform of APIS for developing new collaboratively created services for various application areas Federated testbed facilities for research,
Open stack of APIS available for developers and entrepreneurs. Validated technologies. Platform ecosystem development. Testbed facilities responding to evolving academic and industry needs, experimentation tools and methodologies, European-wide federation of testbed facilities Educational programs, research projects, portfolio of business acceleration services, like accelerator,
Gradually, the clustering effect took place. Therefore, it is not a totally top-down system. As the second-largest University City in France, Lyon has sufficient supply of talent in the creative industries.
With the exponential growth of computing power and developments in genetics, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence, humanity will soon overcome biological limitations.
The cross-over point of human and artificial intelligence, the Technological Singularity. Image by Futurebuff 11 This moment has implications for almost all the important areas of our lives,
and data mining that allow identifying patterns of behaviour and usages. see the latest version of the three description tables presenting the experience types,
While the degree of coverage of the holistic model appears quite complete and comprehensible, its complexity in terms of structure and simplicity to instantiate was rated less positively.
The good point is the coverage of the model that was rated as being high. However
Building an increasingly rich data set with new sensors and measurements will provide enhanced intelligence, customer insights and accuracy.
Computer skills as query languages, database design, mining and interactive data analysis, scripting or programming languages, expert systems and machine learning, etc.
to detect patterns or weak signals. visualisation tools, a library of APIS. Today Cityzen Data is in negotiation with several major groups including some that already have a platform to manage Data.
the creation of adequate collaboration structures, consulting services and targeted marketing support. One recent study focused on the application of social technologies of the Web 2. 0 as tools to open up the innovation process of SMES (Piva et al.
awards, lectures at conferences, press coverage, and other inexpensive means. 54 4 How SMES build new business models through open innovation?
Clusteranalysisrevealedthreegroupsofsmes, clustering firms intogroupswithsimilaropeninnovationpractices. Theirfeaturesconfirm Lichtenthaler's (2008) conclusionthat companies seldomfocusoneithertechnologyexploitationor technologyexploration. Rather, openinnovatingcompanies tend tocombinethesetwoaspectsofopeninnovation.
and they experience stronger growth in adapting open innovation practices than their smaller counterparts 5. 3 Clusters To explore patterns of open innovation among SMES we relied on cluster analysis techniques.
since the addition of irrelevant variables can have a serious effect on the results of the 25 clustering (Milligan and Cooper, 1987).
Next, we applied cluster analysis techniques to explore patterns of open innovation practices among SMES. Finally, we used oneway analysis of variance to validate the taxonomy.
as a way to reduce the number of dimensions to be used in the clustering. In general
and therefore no variable would implicitly be weighted more heavily in the clustering and thus dominate the cluster solution (Hair et al.,
In the cluster analysis we combined hierarchical and nonhierarchical techniques. This helps to obtain more stable and robust taxonomies (Milligan and Sokol, 1980;
For each number of clusters (k), we perform a k-means‘nonhierarchical'cluster analysis, in which SMES were divided iteratively into clusters based on their distance to some initial starting points of dimension k
The results of the cluster analysis furthermore show that there are different open innovation strategies and practices among SMES.
Cluster analysis. Oxford university Press, London. Fontana. R.,Geuna, A.,Matt M.,2006. Factors affecting university industry R&d projects:
clustering methods. Applied Psychological Measurement 11,329-354. Milligan, G. W.,Sokol, L. M.,1980. A two-stage clustering algorithm with robust recovery characteristics.
Cluster analysis in marketing research: review and suggestions for application, Journal of Marketing Research, 20: 134-148.
Clusteranalysisrevealedthreegroupsofsmes, clustering firms intogroupswithsimilaropeninnovationpractices. Theirfeaturesconfirm Lichtenthaler's (2008) conclusionthat companies seldomfocusoneithertechnologyexploitationor technologyexploration. Rather, openinnovatingcompanies tend tocombinethesetwoaspectsofopeninnovation.
awards, lectures at conferences, press coverage, and other inexpensive means. 54 4 How SMES build new business models through open innovation?
Examples include SAP in enterprise software, Autonomy in unstructured search and Sage in accounting and customer relationship management software for smaller businesses.
Artificial intelligence Source: our elaboration from expert opinion European competitiveness: IT and long-term scientific performance Science and Public Policy August 2011 525 the mountains of pure theory down to the sea of market competitiveness.
but also biology and chemistry (bioinformatics), earth sciences (geographic information systems), psychology (artificial intelligence), visual art (computer graphics), operations management (enterprise resource planning),
Self-declaration cannot be checked with any accuracy. The updating of information is totally arbitrary. The format is free and practical experience shows many instances of arbitrariness and bizarre attitudes.
The differences in the coverage rate shows that postgraduate education is concentrated more than undergraduate. Nevertheless, the top 15 universities cover between 40%and almost 60%of the sample, a reasonable proportion for our analysis. We start from Phd education.
or because there is an intensification of effort in the front office. The former invariably requires skillful implementation of IT,
Diversification and clustering of SMES for future growth...74 5. 5 Israel: Envisaged targeted support for high-growth sectors and SMES...
The strategic line of SME policy discussion in 2010 gravitated around the diversification and clustering of SME business activities.
Clustering policy initiatives focus on promoting local clusters, such as regional linkages among manufacturers, and university industry collaborations.
issues of human capital, access to specialised technology and business consulting, R&d clustering, technology scouting to identify R&d projects with commercial potential, technology transfer,
development and innovation. 125 The relationship between internationalisation and clustering may be of particular interest, since local clusters are seen often as breeding grounds for innovation.
and national level. 126 One could assume that clustering and internationalisation mutually reinforce each other. 127 However,
While the determinants of success of clusters and the relationship between clustering and internationalisation cannot be dealt with in depth in this Policy Brief,
and practical tools in Europe is also considering the links between clustering and internationalisation; see http://www. proinno-europe. eu/tactics. 128 Dahl Fitjar/Rodríguez-Pose (2011),
In Japanese government's SME policies, the strategic line of discussion gravitates around the diversification and clustering of SME business activities.
Diversification and clustering of SMES for future growth Summary Although the fall out from the 2008 Lehman brothers collapse continues to skew the Japanese government's SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) policies towards finance and employment safety net issues,
the strategic line of discussion in 2010 gravitates around the diversification and clustering of SME business activities.
Clustering policy initiatives focus on promoting (1) local clusters, such as regional linkages among small and medium manufacturers,
Through these overlapping diversification and clustering policy initiatives, the government's 2009 New Growth Strategy (Basic Policies) Toward a Radiant Japan identifies SMES as an engine for future high economic growth.
Putting the horse in front of the cart? In: Proceedings Max Planck Institute Schloss Ringberg Conference, pp. 1-46, Tegernsee, Germany.
Diversification and clustering of SMES for future growth...74 5. 5 Israel: Envisaged targeted support for high-growth sectors and SMES...
The strategic line of SME policy discussion in 2010 gravitated around the diversification and clustering of SME business activities.
Clustering policy initiatives focus on promoting local clusters, such as regional linkages among manufacturers, and university industry collaborations.
issues of human capital, access to specialised technology and business consulting, R&d clustering, technology scouting to identify R&d projects with commercial potential, technology transfer,
development and innovation. 125 The relationship between internationalisation and clustering may be of particular interest, since local clusters are seen often as breeding grounds for innovation.
and national level. 126 One could assume that clustering and internationalisation mutually reinforce each other. 127 However,
While the determinants of success of clusters and the relationship between clustering and internationalisation cannot be dealt with in depth in this Policy Brief,
and practical tools in Europe is also considering the links between clustering and internationalisation; see http://www. proinno-europe. eu/tactics. 128 Dahl Fitjar/Rodríguez-Pose (2011),
In Japanese government's SME policies, the strategic line of discussion gravitates around the diversification and clustering of SME business activities.
Diversification and clustering of SMES for future growth Summary Although the fall out from the 2008 Lehman brothers collapse continues to skew the Japanese government's SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) policies towards finance and employment safety net issues,
the strategic line of discussion in 2010 gravitates around the diversification and clustering of SME business activities.
Clustering policy initiatives focus on promoting (1) local clusters, such as regional linkages among small and medium manufacturers,
Through these overlapping diversification and clustering policy initiatives, the government's 2009 New Growth Strategy (Basic Policies) Toward a Radiant Japan identifies SMES as an engine for future high economic growth.
Putting the horse in front of the cart? In: Proceedings Max Planck Institute Schloss Ringberg Conference, pp. 1-46, Tegernsee, Germany.
'The catchments together provide a strong coverage of the whole surrounding area. The Settlement and Transportation Strategies incorporate the objectives of Smarter Travel:
but an emphasis is needed on clustering such tourism driven development in or adjoining small towns and villages.
clustering of businesses and firms, including those involved in interrelated activities and in high growth, knowledge intensive and technology based specialization;
The idea of complementary industrial clustering and the sharing of resources, particularly in the research and development sector, are of considerable importance for the achievement of this concept.
Nine indicative locations in the Southeast Region have been identified with potential for clustering by the Marine Institute in its report‘Development Strategy for Marine
The need for clustering of potential customers of information technology infrastructure to provide a basis on which market providers of such infrastructure can respond to demand resulting from effective spatial policies.
A fi nancial market place for intellectual property investment and coverage, in line with a similar initiative forecast in Chicago next year being spearheaded by Ocean Tomo, a US merchant bank specialised in intellectual property.
and fi nancial coverage products to hedge risks or investments. This project is under construction
which will significantly increase the accuracy and usefulness of the Register. The new Register is available on the new interface of the NIH Kaleidoscope information system, on the addresshttp://nekifut. gov. hu/.
and clustering to achieve benefits of scale will increase regional research competitiveness. This should serve to increase regional competitiveness in winning competitive funding,
and clustering to achieve benefits of scale will increase regional research competitiveness. This should serve to increase regional competitiveness in winning competitive funding,
Ortega-Argilés Disclaimer The responsibility for the accuracy of the analysis and for the judgements expressed lies with the authors alone.
existence and coverage of training on entrepreneurship and creative problem-solving; autonomy and transparency of education and research organisations;
Frequent coverage in the media helped the project to resonate in the local business community; Pilot projects:
through radio, television and newspaper coverage (iv) the distribution of customised brochures (v) the creation of a specialised project web site and (vi) the use of iconic companies in the region as ambassadors for the project.
DAE has set ambitious targets for high speed internet infrastructure across the Union by 2020: 100%coverage of EU households at 30 Mbps minimum+50%take-up subscriptions
identifying the needs for reaching ambitious population coverage and take-up targets of next generation networks (over 30 Mbps),
what other quantitative and qualitative information/methods have informed the strategy (e g. cluster analysis, value chain analysis,
and Tecvhnology Transfer Center POLYTECH, a National Research and development Institute for Technical Fizics, a Research center for Fuzzy systems,
artificial intelligence, WEB technologies (web mining), robotics, integrated systems, producing systems and planning production systems, calculation systems, voice recognition, images'processing, graphics processing, telemonitoring
electronics, embedded system design, personal health system, ICT for energy efficiency and accessible and assistive ICT, Computer science and artificial intelligence.
together, reached a cost threshold of 5 billion lei (an optimistic estimate of the RDI budget over the programming period) were selected with some minor clustering as the smart specialization priorities of the strategy.
all cluster analysis is restricted to this time period. Table A1. 4. ICT cluster: NACE 2 sector list Sector NACE CODES Comments ICT 261 all (Eurostat definition) 262 all (Eurostat definition) 263 all (Eurostat
and on those supplied by the National Authority in Communications concerning coverage with electronic broadband communications. 5 I. 1 Definition of the broadband communication concept Broadband, beyond its lexical or technical definition, irrespective of the transmission means (cable, radio,
the different development levels, the level of coverage with infrastructure networks as well as the difference as concerns the applications popularity.
reduced use of personal computers (only 35%of the households have access to a PC), a reduced coverage of electronic broadband communication services (30%of the population lives in cities with no coverage of broadband communication services) and low
Penetration in ascending tendency of mobile phone (123%coverage; High penetration rate of CATV networks (75%coverage;
Ascending tendency of competitivenes on major segments; The range of available technological solutions in ascending tendency;
We shall focus especially on extending the coverage area of broadband communication in disadvantaged areas.
either the lack access to means of communication, where outside the coverage of electronic communications networks.
A comprehensive coverage of broadband is crucial to boost growth and jobs in Europe. But 23%of people living in rural areas have no access to fixed broadband networks.
There should be a financial contribution from the telecom sector to ensure universal coverage of broadband
ratio between program services with national coverage and the local, regional or thematic services Implementation of digital television services DVB-H, DVB-T HD-type and/or other
The strategy indicates some agents related with the priority KET's. Cross-clustering capacity, entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES and other strategic actions should be defined.
and Asociations and reinforcing some priority clustering processes in a similar way than in some European regions. c) Try to increase the participation of different private agents
or agents from sources like the University or other agents. h) Action plans and/or realistic roadmaps in line with the objectives must be defined. i) Strategic actions fostering cross-clustering capacity,
Since January 2012, broadband coverage throughout the region has been available (universal service. Concerning Internet access technology, data for the first quarter of 2013 in Castilla y León are very positive,
STRENGTHS Territory Availability of broadband coverage throughout the region (universal service. Presence of leading ICT related reference centers and facilities in the region.
(I) SWOT Analysis R&d&i 14 Strengths Availability of broadband coverage throughout the territory (universal service).
sensors, embedded systems, data mining, etc. Robotics Intelligent infrastructures (roads, logistics: sensors, monitoring, etc. Bio--fuels: sunalower, bio--forest waste, etc.
and Antonella Noya (Chapter 5). Further written inputs were provided by Stefano Menghinello, National Statistical Institute, Italy (the spatial clustering analysis and annexes in Chapter 3) and Andrea
134 The geographical clustering of knowledge-intensive activities...136 The role of local knowledge flows for spatial agglomerations and local innovation systems...
There is strong spatial clustering in knowledge-driven sectors, i e. those where R&d intensity, basic university research and highly-skilled workers are most important.
and customer relationship management system (CRM) have been established for all five existing centres. Basic funding for the Regional Centres of Growth amounts to DKK 92.8 million a year (including administrative costs.
The geographical clustering of knowledge-intensive activities Activities can cluster for different reasons, such as availability of intermediate suppliers and skilled labour
These findings underline the importance of knowledge-driven clustering in knowledge-intensive industries. They are reflected also in the results of a recent OECD study of seven internationally-reputed clusters including Grenoble in France and Medicon Valley in Scandinavia.
E 144 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 The role of local knowledge flows for spatial agglomerations and local innovation systems The above section illustrated the phenomenon of spatial clustering of economic activity
briefly summarised here, suggests that local knowledge transfers are important to this clustering process. This literature stresses the fact that knowledge does not spill over long distance
%A relationship therefore exists between knowledge spillovers, spatial clustering and innovative output (Giuliani, 2005. This is especially true for knowledge-driven sectors,
has a geographical coverage of up to 200 countries, and can consider all sectors of economic activity.
unless national limitations reduce the coverage of administrative data sources. Given national data source constraints
Moreover, ORBIS naturally tends to overestimate real entry rates compared to real exit rates, as it is a continuously expanding database in terms of both international and national coverage.
information regarding the company's incorporation year is essential to disentangling real entry from increasing coverage effects.
Coverage restrictions concern the under-coverage of the set of companies extracted from the database with respect to the relevant target population,
Under-coverage is induced generally by threshold effects in which firms under a certain size are included not in the original data sets
E 160 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 The extent to which statistical biases affect indicators Territorial data in the form of absolute values are affected by coverage restrictions, structural bias and selection bias.
may mitigate the negative impact of coverage restrictions and structural bias. If coverage restrictions or a structural bias homogeneously affect the spatial distribution of the sample e g.
SMES are underrepresented in the same direction and with the same magnitude in all territorial areas the standard location quotient (LQ) tends to neutralise these sources of bias in the input data Dynamic territorial indicators, such as employment or labour productivity
since commercial databases are upgraded sometimes in terms of coverage and data quality. This database upgrading may induce a structural break that can alter the spatial distribution of companies by increasing
In the case of uneven spatial clustering global spatial indicators, such as Moran'S i, are found to be less useful and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) have been developed (Anselin, 1995.
However, the scope of these indicators should be limited to exploratory data analysis. In the absence of a well-defined spatial modelling framework,
data mining techniques can be employed as part of future enhancements to provide credibility and integration of information as suggested by Lo and Hsieh (2003).
and Business Application of Software Intelligent agents. Dr Lea has published in numerous journals including International Journal of Production Research, International Journal of Production Economics, Industrial Management and Data systems, Technovation,
His research interests are in the fields of data/text mining, business process simulation, software agent applications,
and artificial intelligence, will open new business models and opportunities for growth. Future convergence will be defined as convergence of products (Eg. electric car
Social Innovation to answer Society's Challenges 2014 Frost & Sullivan 12 www. frost. com Access to healthcare, insurance coverage, pension reforms,
Some of the data it collects has improved actually the accuracy of German weather forecasting by 7%
but today, riding on rails of application programming interfaces (APIS) and broadband fiber optics, we can‘‘mash up''digital services like Google's maps and Facebook's social newsfeed in no time and on a shoestring budget.
and there is some basis for believing that during the past two decades these may well have become more pronounced in their effect on the accuracy of the official price deflators.
It should not be surprising that the accuracy of a statistical system designed to record productivity in mass production
and recorded are they likely to find their way into the adjunct studies that are performed to test the accuracy of more abstract productivity measurement systems. 26 The following draws upon a more detailed treatment of the productivity implications of the general purpose formulation computer technology
Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2015 2 3 Total NGA coverage has reached now 68%in a gain of 6 points in the last year and of 39 points over the last five years.
At the end of 2014, Cable Docsis 3. 0 had the largest NGA coverage at 43, %followed by VDSL (38%)and FTTP (19%).
while VDSL coverage doubled in the last three years. There was a remarkable progress also in FTTP growing from 10%in 2011 to 19%in 2014.
rural coverage is only 25, %coming mainly from VDSL. Next Generation Access: the cities are covered mostly Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2015 0%20%40%60%80%100%20102011201220132014next Generation Access (NGA) broadband coverage in the EU, 2010-2014 Source:
IHS, VVA and Point Topic 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%ELITFRPLHRSKCZEUROBGIEESFISENOSIHUCYDEEEATUKPTLVISDKLULTNLBEMTTOTALRURALNEXT Generation Access (FTTP, VDSL
and Docsis 3. 0 cable) coverage, 2014 Source: IHS and VVA Roaming: the effects of legislation Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2015 4 0, 000,050, 100,150, 200,250, 300,350, 400,450, 5020072008200920102011201220132014average roaming price per minute for calls madeaverage price per minuteprice
energy use egovernment completed forms Targets possibly achieved in 2015 Non-usage (probable) Overall egovernment (possible) Too early to tell NGA coverage 100 Mbps take-up R&d in ICT
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