Computer security

Application security (5)
Computer security (154)
Data security (44)
Information security (36)
Internet security (9)
Network security (4)

Synopsis: Security: It security: Computer security:

and Innovation Policies 107 4) proposing EU cybersecurity strategy and Directive; 5) updating EU's Copyright Framework;

The Parisian version of this event consists of monthly meetings organized on current topics of interest to the community of professional mobility (mobile applications, games, geolocation, fixed mobile convergence, IT SECURITY, machine2machine, etc..

Beheshti, H. M. 2004), The impact of IT on SMES in the United states, Information management and Computer security, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 318-327.

Continued development of wireless technologies was cited by nearly half (49%)of the respondents, cybersecurity capabilities (46),

Among the ADS respondents, development of cybersecurity technologies also has taken on increasing importance. 45%of the respondents in our current survey cite it as a key development area,

2) dynamic optimization of grid operations, including cyber security; 3) deployment of distributed resources, including renewable resources;

Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 99 107, Jun. 2010.26 S. Clements and H. Kirkham, Cybersecurity considerations for the smart grid, in Proc.

cybersecurity, etc in strictly controlled environments rather than on live systems. Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group Innovation in SMES:

Fighting abuse by the establishment of the European Cybercrime Center and definition of a cybersecurity strategy;

making use of the latest digital administration services and insisting on innovative IT SECURITY and data protection,

we will ensure that IT SECURITY is preserved and that no new gateways for anonymous crime are created.

IT SECURITY research, microelectronics and service research. zzwe are increasing innovation support for the area of big data to exploit its inherent potential for business (e g.

and empowered in the digital world research programme (Selbstbestimmt und sicher in der digitalen Welt) will deal with the IT SECURITY of new technologies and the protection of data in tomorrow‘s world.

We help companies improve their IT SECURITY. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES), in particular, often do not have the necessary resources.

The complementary initiatives IT SECURITY in business (IT-Sicherheit in der Wirtschaft) and Alliance for cyber security (Allianz für Cybersicherheit) are being expanded. 2. Modern data protection for the information age We are committed to a high level of data protection

IT SECURITY is an important driver of innovation and growth in Germany. We are committed to ensuring that our country remains one of the most secure digital locations in the world.

business, civil society, science and government must work together closely. zzwe are improving IT SECURITY by developing partnerships with operators of critical infrastructures;

and by introducing mandatory reporting for serious IT SECURITY incidents as part of an IT SECURITY law. zzwe support

and demand the use of trustworthy IT SECURITY technologies, especially the use of more and better encryption in electronic communication.

This will also lead to a more robust market for IT SECURITY solutions. zzwe investing greater efforts into the certification

We acknowledge this responsibility for public IT SECURITY and want to play our part in protecting society and the economy in the digital age.

This requires a strategic realignment of the cyber security architecture and better resources for security authorities in terms of technology and staffing. zzwe are strengthening the Federal office for Information security (BSI).

The Centre will be assigned a greater coordination role in the operational handling of cyber security incidents. zzwe are improving technical

cyber espionage and cyber security. This means that we will expand the Cyber crime Centre, which analyses and investigates incidents in these areas, in the Federal Criminal Police office.

IT SECURITY and research funding involve not just German, but also important European considerations. We therefore act as advocates for the Digital Agenda for Germany on the relevant European committees

‘but instead favour a peaceful alignment of international cyber security policy. We will continue to actively follow discussions on the subject of the Internet

zzdriving cyber capacity building and, in a narrower sense, cyber security capacity building. zzexpanding the digital aspect of the Federal government‘s Africa strategy.

Avaaz were advised to further upgrade their IT SECURITY in the event of similar future attacks. Avaaz consequently launched a campaign (the first of its kind in over 5 years) asking for donations to allow for this security upgrade.

Avaaz were advised to further upgrade their IT SECURITY in the event of similar future attacks. Avaaz consequently launched a campaign (the first of its kind in over 5 years) asking for donations to allow for this security upgrade.

On 7 february 2013, the Commission and the High Representative for Foreign and Security policy adopted a comprehensive Cybersecurity Strategy of the European union entitled an open, safe and secure cyberspace.

Fostering industrial and technological resources for cybersecurity: stimulate the emergence of a European industry and market for secure ICT and contribute to the growth and competitiveness of the EU economy;

Increasing public and private spending on Research and development (R&d) to improve cybersecurity and combat cybercrime and cyber terrorism;

and assisting countries outside the EU in building cybersecurity capacity. In parallel to the Strategy, the Commission has proposed a legislative initiative on a high level of network

Certification would also encompass the verification that the provider has implemented the appropriate IT SECURITY and data protection measures,

At the regional level, the European commission and major systems vendors are trying to coordinate cybersecurity efforts.

Cybersecurity, Brussels: European commission, 2012b. Eurofound, Third European Quality of life Survey-Quality of life in Europe: Impacts of the crisis,,Luxembourg:

Strategic Use of Information technology for Increased Innovation and Performance, Information management and Computer security 7 (1), 5 22.

providing effective cybersecurity and protecting borders against illegal trafficking. But while ensuring the security of citizens is an essential task of any administration,

http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion About EU-funded research into cyber security and online privacy The digital and online economy are central

The Commission is working to increase confidence in the online economy in particular through research into cyber security

The forthcoming European Strategy on Cybersecurity will 34 set out ways to strengthen network and information security across the EU. It will protect the public and private sectors from intrusion and fraud,

the European commission will propose the EU's Strategy for Cyber security. It has created also a Task force Legislation Team (eidas) to deliver a predictable regulatory environment for electronic identification

promote cyber security education and to engage a think-tank in discovering the threats and vulnerabilities of the Current and Future Internet;

/en/telecoms-internet/cybersecurity http://www. enisa. europa. eu/@EU TRUSTSEC Smart Cities and Sustainability https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node

Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Workshop on Computer security Foundations, IEEE (2004) 139 154 28. Røstad, L.:

and enabling solutions for privacy and IT SECURITY) setting the conditions for the development of interoperable EHR systems across Canada.

The aim is to identify as many as possible narrow fields in which regional economy has significant position in the world market (e g. electron microscopes, cyber security SW.

middle mile and backhaul ICT trust, cyber security and network security Intelligent inter-modal and sustainable urban areas (e g. smart cities) New media and easier access to cultural contents

Cybersecurity readiness should be improved by 40%by 2020d Target 3. 2: Volume of redundant e-waste to be reduced by 50%by 2020 Target 3. 3:

currently mobile-broadband signal coverage is considering in determining this target. d Data being compiled by the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI).

32 2 Field of Action I-egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data, Big data and Social media...

37 2. 2 Cyber security Information systems and networks Security...45 2. 2. 1 Introduction...45 2. 2. 2 European context...

Field of action 1-egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data, Big data and Social media increase efficiency

All strategies (including the Digital Agenda for Romania) will be reviewed after the Government Enterprise Architecture initiative that will take place in Romania according to Appendix 5 Implementation Methodology Field of Action 1. 2 Cyber security Romania

's Cyber security Strategy Field of Action 1. 5 Open Data National Anticorruption Strategy 2014 2016 Field of Action 2. 2 ICT in Health Romania

Field of action Objective Digital Agenda for Europe Pillars Europe 2020 Target Support DAE 2020 Target Support 1. egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing

using egovernment Returning completed forms Key cross-border public 1. 2. Raising cyber security networks and systems III-Trust and security Page 10 of 170 In order to reach the goal to reform the way how the government works,

of action Lines of action Entities responsible for implementation Indicators Field of action 1 egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data,

and operationalization of the national cyber security system Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Cyber security#of cyberattacks/threats registered by the Government on private

To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of training programs regarding cyber security Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Improve legislation Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Strengthening the partnership between public & private

sector Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Data base Consolidation of Knowledge Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible

) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Boost the Research & development capabilities in cyber security Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) Page 15 of 170 All Ministries

offering public services Ministry of Interior Cyber security Infrastructure Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior CERT-RO Operative

Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Implementing security standards Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries

offering public services Ministry of Interior Inter-institutional cooperation Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Development of public

awareness programs in public administration and the private sector Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Development of educational programs Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries

offering Page 16 of 170 public services Training Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Concluding agreements of international cooperation for improving the response

capacity in the event of major cyber attacks Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Participation in international programs

and exercises in the cyber security field Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Promote the

national security interests in the international cooperation formats in which Romania is a member Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Consolidation of the Acquisition Process for the Public Institutions IT Infrastructure Ministry

for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Cloud computing, Data Management and Social media#of applications performed based on Governmental Cloud Target:

31 of 170 The Digital Agenda Roadmap for the implementation of strategic initiatives Field of Action Iegovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data, Big data and Social Mediafield of Action

structures for ICTPROMOTE and implement better standardspromote and implement transparency and opennessdefine the National Interoperability Frameworkprepare E-Identityunique Portalbuild sustainable initiativesestablish the National Cyber security Systemboost R&d

X x X Page 34 of 170 2 FIELD OF ACTION I-EGOVERNMENT, INTEROPERABILITY, CYBER SECURITY, CLOUD COMPUTING, OPEN DATA

All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action 2. 2 CYBER SECURITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS SECURITY 2. 2. 1 Introduction Preamble Trust and security in public services is national priority for the Romanian government

Cyber security Definition Cyber security is defined as"the state of normality that results after provisioning proactive and reactive measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and non-repudiation of electronic information, of private and public resources and services in the cybernetic environment.

At the beginning of 2013, published a proposal on European Cyber security Strategy was published, for a directive concerning measures to ensure a high common level of network and information security across the Union.

A new Cyber security Strategy was developed by the European commission which comprises internal market, justice and home affairs and foreign policy angles of the cyberspace issues.

Developing cyber security capacity building Fostering international cooperation in cyberspace issues To respond to EU cyber strategy,

to address cyber security in a comprehensive manner, the activity should be spread over three sub-key pillars-NIS network

European commission Strategy http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/news/eu-cybersecurity-plan-protect-open-internet-and-online-freedom-and-opportunity-cybersecurity In its Pillar III

"the Digital Agenda for Europe defines a series of cyber security initiatives at European level to ensure cyber security incident response capabilities and the protection of personal data.

primarily the state institutions constituting the Cyber security Operations Council in accordance with the Cyber security Strategy of Romania.

and information gathering on Page 47 of 170 cyber security incidents either in an automated manner or secured through direct communication as appropriate.

CERT-RO will develop proposals to amend the legislative framework to foster the development of cyber security infrastructure that provides public utility functionality or information society services.

Regarding the transatlantic cooperation it is necessary to improve the EU-US relations for the application of the European commission's cyber security plan

and their active involvement when they return home. 2. 2. 3 National context Cyber security Approach in Romania Risks of cyber incidents occurrence are caused by human or procedural reasons.

A positive development in the field of cyber security is the setting up of CERT-RO (http://www. cert-ro. eu),

Romania's cyber security strategy adopted by Decision no. 271/2013 sets out the objectives, principles and main directions of action for understanding, preventing

vulnerabilities and cyber security risks and promotes Romania's interests, values and national objectives in cyberspace.

The strategy and action plan aim at setting targets for cyber security and lines of action for the coming years.

Raising cybersecurity awareness issues such as viruses and malware, how to use passwords, social engineering-blogging,

The National Cyber security System (NSCC) is the general framework for cooperation that brings together public authorities and institutions with responsibilities and capabilities in the field,

The National Center for Response to Cyber security Incidents-CERT-RO is a structure of expertise and research and development in the cyber infrastructure protection, under the coordination of the Ministry for Information Society,

analyze, identify and respond to cyber security incidents of information systems. Developing cooperation between the public and private sectors in order to ensure cyber security represents a priority for action at the national level,

given that cyberspace include cyber infrastructure owned and managed by both the State and private entities.

institutions within the National Cyber security System creates, at the level of public institutions, the technical and operational framework in order to ensure interoperability between computer security components

in order to protect the cyber infrastructure within the public and increase the availability and level of confidence in the specialized public services provided to citizens, businesses and government.

Romanian Indicators pertaining to Cyber security According to a Eurostat survey on ICT3 usage by individuals and households:

Strategic Lines of Development Strategic Lines of Development for Cyber security in Romania Strategic Lines of Development Lines of Actions Description Establishing the necessary conceptual and organizational framework for cyber security Establishing

and operationalization of the national cyber security system (Strategic) Setting up the platform for cooperation and harmonization of the existing CERT capabilities at national level that should capitalize the tools,

will work to strengthen expertise in cyber risk, by fostering synergies between different action plans on cyber security (military and civil, public-private, government, non-government;

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) 3 http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/archives/ebs/ebs 404 en. pdf Page 49 of 170 Improve legislation (Enabler) Completing

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Strengthening the partnership between public & private sector (Operational) Developing cooperation between the public and private sectors, including by fostering the exchange of information on threats, vulnerabilities, risks,

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Developing national capacities for risk management in cyber security and cyber incident response under a national program Construction of Data base with relevant information (Operational) Consolidating, at the level of the competent

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Boost the Research & development capabilities in cyber security (Enabler) Fostering national R & D capabilities and innovation in cyber security Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Cyber security Infrastructure (Enabler) Increasing the resilience of cyber infrastructure Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) CERT-RO (Strategic) Developing CERT entities, in both public sector and private sector Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Implementing security standards (Strategic) Increase cyber security by reducing vulnerabilities and implement minimum procedural and security standards for cyber public and private infrastructures Responsible:

Operative Council for Page 50 of 170 Cyber security (COSC) Inter-institutional cooperation (Operational) Coordination of inter-institutional response in case of cyber security incidents Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Promoting and consolidating the security culture in cyber field Development of public awareness programs in public administration

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Development of educational programs (Enabler) Educational programs in the forms of compulsory education on the safe use of the Internet and computing equipment Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Training (Operational) Appropriate training to people working in cyber security and promoting widespread professional certifications in the field Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Developing international cooperation in the field of cyber security Concluding agreements of international cooperation for improving the response capacity in the event of major cyber attacks (Strategic) Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Participation in international programs and exercises in the cyber security field (Operational) Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Promote the national security interests in the international cooperation formats in

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Page 51 of 170 2. 3 CLOUD COMPUTING 2. 3. 1 Introduction Preamble Cloud computing is offering several potential benefits to public bodies,

indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct IT Spending for Security indirect indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct direct#of training programs regarding cyber security indirect

the increasing digitization of personal information combined with international movement of people creates real risks of cybersecurity.

Renewable Energy Aerospace Chemical-Pharmaceutical Digital Spanish contents Seniors Sustainable infrastructures Mobility IT SECURITY Advanced Software engineering Advanced Production technology Agro-food

such as mobile applications and technology, cyber security, Big data, Internet of the Future, Cloud computing, all of which are crosscutting technologies for any economic activity

Computer security Checklist for Non-Security Technology Professionals, Journal of International Technology and Information management, 15 (3), 87-91.

Energy Control Community ICT Cyber security Renewables Energy efficiency Storage Electric Vehicles Stabilisation & Balancing NEDOMIZUHO Cyber Defence Hitachi Hawaii Electric Maui Electric

Usage control in computer security: A survey. Computer science Review 4 (2), 81 99 (2010) 19. Le Guernic, G.,Banerjee, A.,Jensen, T.,Schmidt, D. A.:

Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Computer security Foundations Workshop, pp. 82 96. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2001) 8. Bodei, C.,Buchholtz, M.,Degano, P.,Nielson, F.,Nielson, H r.:

Journal of Computer security 13 (3), 347 390 (2005) 9. Boichut, Y.,H'eam, P.-C.,Kouchnarenko, O.:

Proceedings of 23rd IEEE Computer security Foundations Symposium, pp. 322 336. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2010) 13.

and to approach 5%of overall IT SECURITY spending. Whereas today identity management and encryption solutions represent the largest share of this market,

However, such procedures can conflict with the enterprise's IT SECURITY policies 13. As mentioned before, cloud computing is the IT service that makes this even easier,

and policy in areas including cybersecurity, big data, the Internet of things, and the economic impact of digital technologies.

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