and security arrangements. They are connected typically via a fibre transport ring (regional backbone. Regional headends are responsible for the conversion of television signals into HF signals (compatible with cable networks) and for the coupling with IP signals.
taking into account intellectual property, security and data protection issues. 131 58.0 25. Supporting research on the perspectives of various actors and stakeholders such as policy-makers, school leaders, teachers, learners, parents, IT providers, educational content providers etc. 129 58.0 26.
security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI. 130 43.1 Relevance according to four groups of participants There were no differences between the four groups of participants
Supporting research on (physical and mental health, security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI. 3. 5 Area 5:
taking into account intellectual property, security and data protection issues. Encouraging research on the implementation process of ICT-ELI, focusing on the possible learning gains.
Supporting research on (physical and mental health, security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI. Promoting research on the ICT-ELI that happen at micro-level
taking into account intellectual property, security and data protection issues..8 4. 6 3. 8 11.5 21.4 22.9 35.1 58.0 Supporting research on the perspectives of various actors and stakeholders such as policy-makers, school leaders, teachers
and monitoring ICT-ELI. 1. 5 5. 4 4. 6 8. 5 33.1 21.5 25.4 46.9 Supporting research on (physical and mental health, security and legal
safety and security including nuclear; all supported through a crosscutting and multi-disciplinary approach. LB-NA-26601-EN-N doi:
In addition, there needs to be clear legislation governing patient privacy and protecting the security of health information for records in electronic format.
and security guidelines developed by UNAIDS/USG Protecting the privacy and security of health information should be a high priority for all countries.
However, the subject is complex and providing necessary access as well as confidentiality can be difficult in practice.
That is why the Joint United nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United states Government have provided a set of guidelines for the confidentiality and security of health information (30.
data structure, data interchange, semantic content, security, pharmacy and medicines business, devices, business requirements for electronic health records,
These include information models, terminology, security, and technology for interoperability. CEN TC 251 works closely with the ISO TC 215 to develop standards as well.
and device communication as well as privacy and security issues related to patient data. Fifteen per cent of the responding countries use this standard.
and privacy of patient information and security (36). Conclusions 4 54 The resolution urges Member States to consider long-term strategic plans for the development
The body should include a division responsible for the governance of ehealth data interoperability standards and patient data privacy and security.
Among the components covered related to the management of patient information are data privacy, security, and interoperability.
Individual patient clinical data can be standardized using the standards already covered in this publication WHO further recognizes the important need for the development of patient health data privacy and security standards.
Guidelines on protecting the confidentiality and security of HIV information: proceedings from a workshop. Geneva, UNAIDS, 2007.31.
Priority Area A-Future Networks & Communications Priority Area B-Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy Priority Area C-Digital Platforms, Content & Applications
as well as data related to online security and cybercrime, gender and youth, and cultural and environmental aspects.
What is the relationship between cloud computing and big data in view of security frameworks? Which techniques are needed for data anonymization for aggregated datasets such as mobile-phone records?
How does big data impact on the regulation of privacy, copyright and intellectual property rights (IPR), transparency and digital security issues?
as well as with privacy and security. Addressing such privacy and other concerns with respect to data sharing and use is critical,
Privacy and security As social scientists look towards private data sources, privacy and security concerns become paramount.
To mitigate the potential risks, all stakeholders must see tangible benefits from such data sharing. These stakeholders include not just the public and private sectors
and security techniques are very rich. For further information, see, for example, El Emam, K. 2013). 36 Based on author interviews and conversations with operators in South Asia. 37 See, for example,
http://www. ictqatar. qa/en/documents/download/Qatar's%20ict%20landscape%20report%202014-Household%20and%20individuals 12. pdf. ITU (2006), Security in Telecommunications
Narayanan, A. and Shmatikov, V. 2008), Robust de-anonymization of large sparse datasets. 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (sp 2008)( pp. 111 125.
. 2011), Out of sight out of Mind-How Our Mobile Social network Changes during Migration. 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2011 IEEE Third Int
37 2. 2 Cyber security Information systems and networks Security...45 2. 2. 1 Introduction...45 2. 2. 2 European context...
& Security increases the trust of web users in electronic services and online transactions in order to boost consumption of ICT services 4. Pillar IV Fast and ultra-fast Internet access targets investments
and systems III-Trust and security Page 10 of 170 In order to reach the goal to reform the way how the government works,
To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology IT Spending for Security Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of training programs regarding cyber security Target:
Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Implementing security standards Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries
which is responsible with the cybernetic security in Romania, and the European Cybercrime Centre, within Europol (center instituted in 2013, at European level).
an investment should improve at least the security of a public service). All initiatives should describe tangible and quantifiable outcomes that can be measured
and monitoring its implementation in a timely manner 5. Protect security and privacy Ensuring a trusting environment for public services is crucial for a fast adoption of these in an online environment.
A small security flaw in one service can have a detrimental effect on the perceived benefits of all others services
All investments will take all the appropriate measures for ensuring security for services, data, and processes.
Security should cover all aspects of a service (financial security, operational security, transactional security. Security should not compromise usability of a service (for example entities should not impose a nonstandard way for authentication, registration, authorization;
entities should not issue a different token/card than the one marked as standard by the Romanian Government) 6. Encourage transparency and openness What,
AND NETWORKS SECURITY 2. 2. 1 Introduction Preamble Trust and security in public services is national priority for the Romanian government
Thus, some of the incidents were identified as the main cause of the lack of consistent security policies to protect data that is collected,
These reactive and proactive measures can include policies, concepts, standards, security guides, risk management, training and awareness activities,
for border security and resilience of critical information and communications infrastructure by stimulating and supporting the development of national and multinational capabilities in this area.
The Strategy is accompanied by the technical legislative proposal by the European commission's Directorate General Connect to strengthen the security of information systems in the EU
"Security and Trust, "the Digital Agenda for Europe defines a series of cyber security initiatives at European level to ensure cyber security incident response capabilities and the protection of personal data.
and to ensure that security issues will be addressed effectively and solved. ENISA will provide the exchange and collaboration.
The initiative will improve the security of citizens and businesses, and it is expected to have a positive effect on companies,
analyze and classify security incidents in the cyber infrastructure, as per the area of competence.
At the national level it will be carried out the analysis and optimization of existing security platforms,
we will consider implementing processes of security risk management in the public administration. At the same time, we will aim at enhancing consultations with similar bodies in the EU and U s,
Thus, some of the incidents were identified as the main cause of the lack of consistent security policies to protect data that are taken,
The Romanian approach is aligned to the guidelines proposed by the European commission in the Digital Agenda and its Pillar III-Trust and Security as well as to the progress of other European union Member States.
in order to coordinate national actions for cyberspace security, including the cooperation with academia and business trade associations and nongovernmental organizations-NGOS.
or online banking 33%of Romanian users are concerned about misuse of the their personal information online 37%of Romanian users are concerned about security related aspects of online payments. 2. 2. 4
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Implementing security standards (Strategic) Increase cyber security by reducing vulnerabilities and implement minimum procedural and security standards for cyber public and private infrastructures Responsible:
and consolidating the security culture in cyber field Development of public awareness programs in public administration
including scalability, elasticity, high performance, resilience and security together with cost efficiency. Understanding and managing risks related to the adoption
Effectively managing the security and resilience issues related to cloud computing capabilities is prompting many public bodies to innovate,
Heterogeneous security solutions which reflect in greater security risk Granular purchase of hardware and software solutions does not provide transparency on governmental level.
Similarly, the pattern of infrastructure proposed allows the use by all public institutions of common elements of IT infrastructure such as the courier services, the collaboration platforms, the data connections, the security platforms (on the level of data centers.
or the size of data centers will be the centralization within a sole data center with a high level of availability, security, redundancy for protection in case of disasters, protection to data loss, etc.
decommissioning of redundant services and purchase of"green"systems with regards to energy consumption Increase of security on the level of data center by implementation of up-to-date, standard and proved security solutions.
and overcome national challenges (such as rising health care costs, job creation, natural disasters and nationals security). At the European level, the improvement of the analytics and data processing, especially Big data, will allow to:
-Culture-ecommerce-Security (Enabler) produce and require massive amounts of data, often unstructured and increasingly in real-time The benefits of leveraging Big data concepts include:
in the field of Social welfare, employment, education, health, information and communications, mobility, security, justice and culture,
Improvement of communication and collaboration between CERT-RO, the institution which is responsible with the cybernetic security in Romania,
major operation failures, security incidents, operations & maintenance. Financial monitoring and Claw-back mechanisms The Entrustment Act will mandatory include provisions concerning the effective modality to calculate the level of compensation,
which plays the role of a general coordinator of the ICT strategies at governmental level The establishment of CERT-RO with respect to the cybernetic security The existence of certain developed strategies with respect to the cybernetic security
investment programmes with a unitary vision in the public sector The lack of coordination with respect to adequate security measures The lack of a long term strategy for the training of the ICT personnel in the public sector The absence of an electronic authentication system
or the achievement of the proposed objectives The activities of the organised groups for criminal informatics The absence of the population's trust in the cybernetic security of the online systems Our conclusion after the SWOT analysis is that the following measures will remediate
and for the improvement of cybernetic security Support for the use of open sources and standards for future facilitation and assurance of interoperability of the informatics systems Introducing technologies such as Cloud computing
which are not available at national level The security of information, low confidence of a certain part of the citizens The continuous change of the environment and of the legal framework and the absence of a consistent development strategy in this field
depending on needs 2. Applying for funding 3. Evidence of ability to pay back the amount borrowed-securities 4. Client authenticity is verified by the bank 5. Decision 5. 1 Approval,
stating that it wants to complete the real personal securities with the guarantee fund in order to grant the loan 2. If the loan application meets its conditions own financing,
the Bank requests the Fund to grant the security (standard/cap amount) Medium Terminating a business Bankruptcy 2013-27.145 insolvency Page 139 of 170 proceedings
in order to assess the feasibility of the initiative Adherence to National Strategy of the Digital Agenda and Guiding Principles and Ministry Strategy Adherence to National Standards (security, interoperability,
Ministry of Agriculture Intermediary body for Information Society Promotion Competition Council National Registrar of Companies Ministry of Justice National Centre for Response on Cybernetic Security Incidents
indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct IT Spending for Security indirect indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct direct#of training programs regarding cyber security indirect
smart business, company, home smart city information security, security technology gamification, simulation and optimisation technology e-learning systems big data data mining software development remote monitoring
Romania and Croatia is directions of specialization like cloud-based services or ICT security. The mining and raw material industry offer an opportunity for international cooperation with Bosnia and herzegovina
is convenient for users but also locks users in at the expense of security, privacy and openness:
enhancing cybe-security and mainstreaming digitalisation. The Digital Agenda for Europe20 Innovation Union21, and Horizon 202022 present an integrated approach to help the EU economy become more competitive,
Prescription Pricing Authority NHS Pensions Agency Dental practice Board NHS Logistics Authority NHS Counter Fraud and Security Management Service Authority.
the impact of legacy ICT Part Four 27 4. 25 The IT service provider is responsible for the disaster recovery and perimeter security arrangements and for carrying out regular disaster recovery
and the Authority assesses its compliance against the NHS-wide Information Governance Toolkit. 13 No major security incidents were reported in 2011-12.
Security processes The legacy ICT system meets government security standards (accreditation) in a cost-effective manner
and its security controls ensure the confidentiality, availability and integrity of data. External security risk assessments are carried out regularly.
No bespoke security systems or processes are required. Technology Applications The legacy ICT system fully integrates with the wider ICT environment using standard protocols or common application programme interfaces.
and security patches systematically. Test facilities exist that replicate the production environment exist or can easily be created
22 Building security and trust...26 Legal uncertainties...28 E-business adoption challenges: lessons from EBIP...
SMES also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns,
policy responses, 3 october. 5 Trust infrastructure Get the regulatory infrastructure right for trust, security, privacy and consumer protection.
Essential are a culture of security to enhance trust in the use of ICT, effective enforcement of privacy and consumer protection,
OECD (2002), Guidelines for the Security of Information systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security;
OECD (1999), Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic commerce; OECD (1998), Ministerial Declarations on the Protection of Privacy in Global networks, on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic commerce and on Authentication for Electronic commerce adopted in Ottawa in 1998 C (98) 177, Annexes 1
security (including spam and viruses), privacy and consumer protection. Intellectual property protection of ICT innovations and digital products is necessary to build the confidence among SMES that is essential
organisational, security, trust and management skills in addition to ICT skills) in conjunction with education institutions, business and individuals.
and security and trust factors (security and reliability of e-commerce systems, uncertainty of payment methods, legal frameworks.
such as on-line security. In Canada, among businesses that did not buy or sell over the Internet,
%40%50%Do not trust technology/security Customer's access to Internet is insufficient It w ould not pay off No skilled personnel Does not apply to the type of enterprise/product Micro firms w ith 0
Building security and trust Lesser known SMES are at a clear disadvantage in terms of buyer confidence compared with large multinationals with highly recognisable brand names.
consumers who use credit cards for on-line transactions are concerned highly about security, protection of credit-related information and secure system firewalls.
SMES are likely to face increasing costs for system protection and security measures (Phillips, 2002). Statistical surveys show that security issues (viruses,
hackers) are among the most important perceived barriers to Internet use by businesses (B2b and B2c),
for face to face interaction 38.7 31.5 38.3 32.6 30.2 32.5 31.0 28.3 30.6 33.8 Concern about privacy of data or security issues 47.4 61.1 48.1 48.4 55.1
transaction security, legal structures, IPR issues) were of lower concern on average but were seen more often as being negative, particularly in areas such as protection of IPRS and general legal structures.
On the other hand, in the confidence area, large firms were more negative about transaction security (they are also more likely to be transacting on-line than small firms),
high speed and security measures to protect the transmission of confidential data and other critical messages.
especially when consultation services are provided to help develop business strategies based on realistic assessments of benefits and costs. 37 Security,
confidence building and the legal framework Business and consumer confidence in the security and trustworthiness of on-line transactions is essential to the development of e-commerce.
High levels of concern about on-line security, changes in technologies and the overall on-line environment are reflected in the 2002 OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information systems and Networks:
Towards a Culture of Security, a revision of the 1992 OECD Guidelines on Security of Information systems.
and security in on-line transactions, for example by introducing and demonstrating authentication and digital signature systems. 39 E-procurement,
and general framework policies including access to infrastructure, a seamless legal/regulatory environment, on-line security,
Address security trust and confidence through broad policy frameworks, regulatory and self-regulatory tools, trustworthy technologies and affordable redress mechanisms.
progress report, DSTI/IND/PME (2002) 7/ANN/FINAL, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002e), Guidelines for the Security of Information systems and Networks:
Towards a Culture of Security, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002f), Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices Across Borders, OECD, Paris. OECD (2003a), Broadband driving growth:
as well as contracts dealing with certain securities. Article 9 (3) of the ECD obliges the Member States to regularly inform the Commission about the contracts for which the equivalence principle does not apply.
Typical trustmark systems consist of an accreditation mechanism with an independent supervisor for an online trader to meet the trustmark's requirements (including creditworthiness, security mechanisms, price transparency, provision of information, customer service, data protection
in particular by improving the mutual recognition, interoperability and security of these systems. A large majority of stakeholders confirmed the need for regulatory measures regarding the mutual recognition and acceptance of e-identification and authentication throughout the EU. In 2012,
a lack of payment security and data protection, and finally uncertainties relating to liability in case of unauthorised payments or unsatisfactory deliveries.
This raises the question of the security of payments: a lack of trust is symptomatic,
and both merchants and consumers experience failures in the security of payments. All relevant market actors seem willing to address this problem
while realising that there is a trade-off between the level of security and convenience for the consumer.
It is important that the perceived lack of security does not continue to hamper e-commerce, especially at a cross-border level.
More competition More choice and transparency for consumers More innovation More payment security and customer trust Each of these objectives would benefit from a more integrated European market for card,
Finally, the Paper deals with payment security and data privacy and the possibilities for improvements in this area.
The Commission has also been involved in the discussions within the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) on issues such as the sustainability and security of the Internet.
Providing all public services, especially security, health education and economic services through web portals and applications; Becoming a pilot area for new technologies such as 4g and 5g, Wimax, IPTV, Wi-fi points and Basaksehir mobile applications;
When it is very busy the system can be geared up to a higher light level, enabling surveillance of the crowd for security reasons.
But it will also inevitably raise questions of privacy and security. Dealing with the ownership of the data is an important aspect,
0 1 4 security for operators and goods; by increase safety and security, intra-logistics processes will
thus be improved. The Wellbeing Services Use Case The City of the Future Living Lab is involved in the ELLIOT Project within several use case scenarios (23.
The first Bulgarian prototype (TEMEO) of the cardio belt monitored online 24 hours per day was developed three years ago by Security Solutions Institute.
security is becoming a large concern for the consumer. While users are great lovers of integrated devices,
the security issues enhance the need of combining devices to ensure fighting cybercrime. One way to avoid the need of two electronic devices to ensure security is checking from the payment device itself that is actually using it.
This means being able to recognise some significant properties of the human being, such as fingerprints, iris, DNA,
Integrating a wallet into a smart phone needs a high level of security to protect from cybercrime.
and Security across the world'(8), 9.)‘Technology, innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of knowledge societies'(9).(1) The area of‘Financial and Economic system'refers to financial and economic aspects of the effects of climate change.
Tilly 2007).(8) The area‘equity and security across the world'refers to equity and security as being basic prerequisites to foster
and support sustainable development (see, for example: UNDP 2011; Barth 2011a. 9) The area of‘technology, innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of knowledge societies'emphasises the fact that a sustainable development in knowledge societies can only be achieved
and entities participating in the Chilean securities and insurance markets. Such mechanism enforces compliance with all laws
security, storage, and privacy are addressed. This requires a focus on transparency from the citizen's perspective.
but it also raises the security risk of large withdrawals, notwithstanding privacy concerns. This is an instance where open ideation of the design challenge can generate new potential solutions.
Education, Health, Security, Citizenship, Agribusiness, Regional Development, Public Management, Logistic Infrastructure, Innovation and Technology, Environment, Energy Infrastructure,
including the municipality of Eindhoven, Polyground, the Dutch Institute for Technology Security and Safety, the association Crimi-Nee, Philips Lighting, Vinotion and the TU/e Intelligent Lighting Institute.
Lighting, for instance, is regulated highly on security issues, and a company such as Curana has no idea how to cope with these challenges.
Lighting, for instance, is regulated highly on security issues, and a company such as Curana has no idea how to cope with these challenges.
Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband), energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system.
) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law) Economic stability Right
Since the European culture is said to favour security, the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start
EEN) Framework conditions Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Focus on European dimension of physical infrastructure Ensure broadband internet access Institutions for security
Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband), energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system.
) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law) Economic stability Right
Since the European culture is said to favour security, the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start
EEN) Framework conditions Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Focus on European dimension of physical infrastructure Ensure broadband internet access Institutions for security
and Objectives Socially diverse local communities located in well-planned development can foster a sense of place, pride, security and neighbourliness.
Promote best practice in line with the EU 2020 Digital Agenda with regard to interoperability, security, speedy access to Broadband,
Security of energy supply at a competitive price is a cornerstone of future sustainable development within the region.
Ensure security of energy supply in order to support economic and social development; Source energy at a price that does not adversely affect competitiveness;
and which provides security of generation capacity within the Southeast. The building of appropriately located gas fired peaking plants with a capacity of between 50-100 MW,
The potential of a new interconnector to the UK or mainland Europe will strengthen the security of supply
Promote best practice in line with the EU 2020 Digital Agenda with regard to interoperability, security, speedy access to Broadband,
security and justice, can be sustained in an era of ageing populations, global warming and much greater diversity.
Priority Areas for Publicly-performed Research 2013-17 A Future Networks & Communications H Food for Health B Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy I Sustainable Food Production
Priority Areas for Publicly-performed Research 2013-17 A Future Networks & Communications H Food for Health B Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy I Sustainable Food Production
New materials, Production and automation technology, Cleantech, and Security. These fields present the regional strength in regional publicly funded R&d and industrial activity.
services, online safety and security, intelligent energy networks and smart energy services. To best harness EU funding from these various financial instruments, one of the key challenges for management authorities is
cities, trust, security, etc; b) have a sectoral focus targeting ICT industrial and technological leadership in R&d&i fields such as Key Enabling Technologies (KETS),
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