We expand our understanding of environmental uncertainty by defining the concept of‘boundary uncertainty, 'which regards the identity of the components of the businees (micro) environment.
We thus expand our understanding of environmental uncertainty by defining the concept of‘boundary uncertainty'
We aim at expanding our understanding of environmental uncertainty by exploring the different kinds of drivers of change
by rooting them in an understanding of the long-term dynamics of technologies, economics, society, and politics.
and‘continuous'and‘discontinuous'drivers of change and we thus improve our understanding of the different kinds of uncertainty a firm may face in its business environment.
and in understanding how networks operate and how a network environment can enhance the core competencies of a firm:
Management system FTA roles Decide to be in business FTA supports mutual learning and shared understanding of network actors'views and feelings as well as of risks, opportunities, system capabilities and dynamic changes, all of
Both forecasting and technology assessmeen provide a more factual and numerical understanding of a business's financial and technical risks
firm's self-organising capability-Cooperative sustainabiliit net-Network's self-organisation-Continuous learning/adaptation-Creativity in decisionmakkin Operations-Focus on understanding
A new scientific understanding of living systems. Newyork: Knopf Publishing Group. Chehebe, J. R. 1998. Análise do Ciclo de Vida de Produtos:
Recently, information visualization techniques have been used with corporate data to map several LDRD investment areas for the purpose of understanding strategic overlaps and identifying potential opportunities for future development outside of our current technologies.
This understanding was used then as a validation model for the IA leads. Fig. 5 indicates that each IA has a robust set of unique technologies indicated by the unlabeled lines extending out from the IA markers.
which future opportunities to fund. 4. 4. Link analysis of DOE LDRD The Sandia-specific link analysis assisted in the understanding of the technologies within,
as we propose it, calls for understanding of historical paths in an organisation. Every organisation is faced, from time to time,
During the workshops in 2009, some 30 VTT researchers and management representatives built shared understanding of the field.
The roadmapping process was also able to foster a shared understanding of the critical future gaps,
Forward-looking sensibility is ineluctably related to contextual historical understanding, and vice versa. Thus, foresight exercises would benefit from the increased historical depth,
It seeks to gain basic understanding of the technology how it works and what functions it can accomplish (Step A). In addition,
Clear understanding of both sets of factors offers a valuable decision aid to inform successful NEST management.
This analyssi contributes to an understanding of the fields involved, which is necessary to identify technical experts.
A new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. In Open innovatiion Researching a new paradigm, ed. H. W. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke,
''In terms of these themes, the importance of each scientific and technological event has gained already a common understanding among those concerned.
It is essential to reach a common understanding about current challenges, potential future paths and the necessary steps to move forward based on an overall perspective that integrates individual stakeholders'points-of-view.
and understanding as well as ensuring societal relevance; B policy dialogues initiated by policy makers to gain public support (not to be confused with the process of developing policies in the first place;
Thus, a basic common understanding amongst political stakeholders of the topic and its challenges is achieved. Well-structured summaries based on desk research help to prepare the discussion
and has reached a joint understanding of the subject and its challenges as well as a joint view of the future with potential paths to move forward successfully.
and to crystallize a joint understanding of‘‘Produzierenkonsumieren 2. 0''(steps 1, 2, 3, 4 in the framework outlined above.
B ensuring relevance and a joint understanding through appropriate presentation and transfer of results from Foresight and related strategy processes;
Gain a broader understanding of creativity and innovation and their role in the application of research within enterprises and more broadly across society Establish better ways of judging
but the engagement with workshop participants indicated that there was a need for greater understanding of the pathways,
natural and anthropogenic disasters and their consequences based on monitoring data and advanced understanding of their origins and development 57.1 1. 71 Techniques for prospecting natural resources,
Competitive intelligence is also important to retain a dynamic understanding of the technology trajectories of the surrounding industrial environment (Nelson, 1997.
and staying abreast of technological change, acquiring an advanced understanding of technology and its potential market shifting effects,
Considering the potential roles of fta in enabling a better understanding of complex situations and in defining effective policy responses leads to the understanding that appropriate FTA practices are needed to enable FTA to fulfil such roles.
Dealing with disruptive changes and grand challenges in particular therefore, raises several conceptual, methodological and operational issues. Two of them are general,
The first part of this introductory paper considers the potential roles of fta in enabling a better understanding of complex situations and fundamental transformations,
FTA has a potentially useful role to play in enabling a better understanding of complex situations and in defining effective policy responses
and unknown unknowns 2. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches 3. Understanding the complex and systemic nature of grand challenges 4. Joint responses to grand challenges Below we will elaborate on each of these issues. 2. Known unknowns,
and for control of costs would be lost. 4. Understanding the complex and systemic nature of grand challenges The issues covered by the term‘grand challenges'naturally lend themselves to a global outlook,
since societal challenges and complex interrelated systems require a more holistic and systemic understanding of situations.
The right understanding where a certain technology is in its TLC is important to estimate its future development,
if the technology is worth investing in by better understanding how such technology might develop in the future.
create a common language and understanding between stakeholders thus supporting a systematic negotiation process, and legitimate a chosen course of action through engagement and dialogue.
according to Georghiou and Harper 3. We can further extend this broader understanding by stressing that FTA can be highly relevant beyond the domain of STI policies.
However, it has been applied by the Finnish innovation Fund to develop holistic understanding of a challenge with issues related to ageing, education,
when it focuses on small wins that deepen trust, commitment, and shared understanding. This pathway of small wins may also have potential for increasing trust, commitment and shared understanding between methodologically different FTA COMMUNITIES,
which again indicates the importance of stocktaking on good practices. 5. 2. 3. Differences in cultural backgrounds:
In their opinion, the results fit their understanding for the development of NBS. Therefore, NBS is still in its growth stage (1997 to the present.
The development of a working ETTC bears the correct understanding of three difficult-to-define concepts,
We have witnessed a natural evolutionary process of the human understanding of the socioeconomic realm that was forced to follow (we may say in a fractal fashion) the same path,
both theoretically and for applications this understanding will facilitate. Here we are dealing also with one of the most controversial points in all previous attempts of comparisons between biological and technological evolution,
understanding use, impacts and the role of institutional context factors, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 76 (2009) 1198 1207.19 C. Cagnin, M. Keenan, Positioning future-oriented technology analysis, in:
what kinds of surprising dynamics can occur given a variety of uncertainties and a basic understanding of the system.
diverging or even conflicting understanding of how a system is working, and different sources and types of information and data.
-be useful in creating a common language and understanding between the various interest groups. -create and support a systemized negotiation process among key stakeholders (social actors.
Our understanding of the unpredictable inter-dependency of multiple forces means that more experimental approaches to creating new solutions are necessary.
The legitimizing aspect of this is the creation of a common understanding of challenges and establishing a common vision among the innovation stakeholders as a boundary framework before moving into technology roadmapping 70.4.2.2.
But these can inhibit the understanding of the problems and the use of appropriate methods to their solution 47.
Recognition then, is a heuristic that leads away from conflict into a broader understanding of the complexity of a disputed subject 62.
and stakeholders towards achieving a common understanding on non-sustainable trends, offering scenarios and integrated solutions to support policy-makers.
These unrelated processes cover dialogues at the federal and state levels as well as stakeholder dialogues and processes of public understanding of science and technology 50.
FTA ACTIVITIES were used in this early stage to facilitate a common understanding, develop visions, build up policy networks, as well as shape and prepare funding programs.
Expert-driven FTA ACTIVITIES were used in the first stages to build a common understanding and develop these visions.
towards an epistemological shift in the public understanding of science and technology, Public Underst. Sci. 19 (2010) 274 292.58 E. Altvater, B. Mahnkopf, The world market unbound, Rev.
For decades the dominant definition of innovation as new products and processes that are introduced to the market combined with the common understanding of companies as the main actors in this process was questioned hardly ever.
Therefore it was important to ensure a congruent understanding of the visions among the experts.
After discussing the variations of the perception of these visions the project team decided that the slightly differing understandings remained within a tolerable interval.
A deepened understanding of the different points of view and perspectives was achieved compared to many other approaches looking for early convergence rather than emphasising divergence.
J. Cassingena Harper/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 467 470 and more an input into understanding what its transformative implications might be.
but also value the new directions that their different understanding may have opened! References 1 A. Porter et al.
on the grounds that such understanding might help to improve the impact of fta through better design.
if presentations and debates at FTA contribute to a deeper understanding of far-flung experiences and research or,
The understanding and definition of culture differ depending on the intended use and the academic discipline.
Evidence in practice Knowledge production and dissemination of knowledge in society People and societal design Sustainable transport and infrastructure Better life-space space for life and growth Cultural understanding in a globalised world Changing
Policy-makers who focus on long-term policy issues can use foresight methods during strategic policy-making processes to arrive at a better understanding of the future and its uncertainties
to increase our understanding of possible similarities and differences, taking the different responsibilities and tasks of these levels into account.
At the local level, we adopted a casebaase approach to increase our understanding of the key issues involved.
In the interviews, we used open questions, to gain a broader understanding of the issues mentioned in the research questions.
stimulating interdepartmental dialogue gathering support for ideas and policies developing a common cognitive frame of reference (a common ground of understanding)( see also 5, 11) Finally,
the spin-off of the foresight exercise was the creation of a common understanding, which relates to the function of reconfiguring the policy system,
and a‘glocal'impact orientation. 2. 1. Understanding interconnected innovation systems Before starting any foresight venture is important to have a clear idea of the system being analysed
Such understanding may be supported by earlier research and available databases. At the same time, a spectrum of foresight methods can be applied to develop a better understanding of possible future developments of the systems under analysis 7. In this context
examining system properties in the international context in which the exercise takes place supports the development of a common understanding of different, even diverging, viewpoints.
This analysis promotes the shaping of joint objectives and the overall scope of the exercise.
Along the same line, the ways in which workable agreements will be achieved should be prepared from the outset building upon shared understanding as well as collective and creative knowledge.
This means that it is important to ensure that in parallel with efforts to enhance the understanding
However, it may be far more relevant how the whole process created a systemic understanding and a common vision amongst the stakeholders taking part in the exercise.
Initial efforts to arrive at a systemic understanding of the process, when combined with both open consultations
and enable all project partners to have the same understanding of the ways in which the different pieces would fit together into the whole structure of the project.
when designing and managing an international foresight exercise. 4. 1. Understanding interconnected innovation systems In the IMS2020 project the understanding of the global system of sub-systems was attained by mapping scientific literature,
European commission and roadmapping group) to share a common understanding of the system under analysis. It also allowed all the involved parties to explore likely ways in which it could evolve.
Activities conducted within IMS 2020 Guiding principles for global foresight Understanding interconnected innovation systems Responsiveness towards diverse languages and cultures Capacity to reconfigure international networks A glocal impact orientation
and has proved useful to kickoff discussions with diverse stakeholders with different or no understanding of foresight.
and to define who would be responsible for taking action based on a common understanding of what still had to be done
in order to ensure common understanding, ownership of results and commitment to the way forward. Moreover, parallel group work with support from online tools was embedded in the process allowing the project to be kept within the planned schedule. 4. 3. Capacity to reconfigure international networks Table 2 below outlines how formal and informal
Only after a debate on the nature of innovation and on how to solicit creative future ideas did partners achieve a common understanding and,
It also enabled an understanding of which RI topics were more important for certain regions and were expected to have a greater impact in terms of sustainable manufacturing 33 and IMS.
This understanding of potential needs at the local level which influence IMS at EU and global levels is
This biannual event is becoming a reference within the FTA COMMUNITIES to increase understanding of the advances occurring in the field of FTA for academics
that help to provide an understanding of users'daily practices and futures aspirations. It is argued that a better introduction of future anticipation in inclusive innovation processes could enhance the input of users in innovation
(i) anticipation of the drivers and weak signals of change with the intention of being prepared for whatever might follow from the ongoing and future social, economic and political mayhem with a rich understanding of systems, their history and possible futures,(ii) analysis of different stakeholder perspectives
These include the notion of stakeholder involvement in decision processes of mutual appreciation and a shared understanding of stakeholders'views as well as of joint experimentation and mutual learning.
which create commitment to an increased understanding of the organization's strategic objectives. Moreover, this phase must interact with the second phase (strategic diagnostic),
and different perspectives to build a joint understanding of which cultural and educational aspects were considered relevant from the citizens'standpoint.
The implementation of the proposed system enabled an understanding that indicators in use reflected only philanthropy instead of social inclusion.
Thus, the system fostered the possibility to reshape the organization's strategy. 3. 2. 3. Positive results The construction of strategic maps through system dynamics (step 2 phase 3) enabled an in depth understanding
it was possible to see that the institution was not able to shape a process to build a shared understanding of stakeholders'views as well as of risks, opportunities, system capabilities and dynamic changes.
(thus supporting phase 1). It does so by enabling a shared understanding of stakeholders'views as well as of risks, opportunities, system capabilities and dynamic changes (thus supporting phase 2). This builds upon knowledge
which allow a shared understanding of individual actors'capabilities, needs and perceptions, as well as mutual learning and experimentation. Ultimately, this process shall lead to increased legitimacy, ownership and transparency of decisions across the value chain.
A New Scientific understanding of Living Systems, Knopf Publishing Group, New york, 1997.55 B. Dempster, A Self-organizing Systems Perspective on Planning for Sustainability,(B. Sc. thesis), University
The project was intended to increase the understanding of the US car market by having managers live with ordinary American families for a certain time
(2) establishing a common understanding of innovation,‘openness'and involved risks, and (3) coordinating partner expectations.
in order to improve our understanding of possible futurres The limits of current methodologies and the need for further methodology development in this area are highlighted,
Finally, we are persuaded that horizon scanning gives us a tool to create a common understanding and shared awareness of a wide variety of future problems, threats and opportunities (PTOS),
so as to gain an in depth understanding of the sector and its transformation. The Delphi was meant to help reduce the uncertainntie associated with some of the impacts we came across in the analysis. Sector Analysis Realtime online Delphi Scenario development Policy analysis Issues analysis ICT key trends Trends in actor behaviour Transformation pressures in the CC
Phase 2 of the first study focused the interviews on deriving a deeper understanding of the models
need-driven) Understanding the interaction between technology and the society. e g. what is enhanced? made obsolescent?
To have a better understanding of policy needs, to obtain much needed budgetary resources etc.,
a practical understanding that not every idea will achieve immediate impact, but may be used at a later date,
The process of sharing experiences, collective learning and understanding, creation of shared commitmeen to the main decisions to be made
that immediately after reaching a certain level of understanding about the complexity of the main theme considered in the exercise (high level of shared understanding),
The initial phase of the methodological approach has the sole purpose of improving the shared understanding about
Better and deeper collective understanding..A better reasoning process to support decision-making and strategy formulation. Challenges in communicating the outcomes of foresight studies. 247.
process which leads to a more complete understanding of the forces shaping the future and
to achieve high levels of common understanding about future possibilities and impacts associated with the theme of the main exercise.
Aside from contributing to the understanding of China's research and innovation policy and system, this paper provides insights into policy change in China more generally and also into the processes
which deepen our understanding of the concept of NSTISS. Firstly, the actors and networks of different NSTISS may differ from each other
From a policy arena perspective, this coordination potentiia can enhance communication and understanding 144. C. Cagnin et al. between policy‘silos'and thereby support the emergence of an effective policy mix for innovation.
understanding and collaboration across boundaries, be they geographical, organisational or disciplinary in nature Deepen dialogue with society
as well as regular interactions among stakeholders that allow active engagement and understanding of foresight philosophy and practices.
and trust building through regular interactions among stakeholders that would allow an understanding of foresight philosophhy roles and practices.
It is important to improve our understanding of how far institutionalised FTA can form part of customised solutions for building capacity to handle disruptions.
allowing a deeper understanding of how governance exercises influennc in the system. Two dimensions (rules and group ties) are used as axes to illustrate four approaches2 to social organisation.
thus enabling a clearer understanding of possible pathways to tackle the challenges, but this will not be enough.
In this context, it is imperative that foresight initiatives to address global challenges are carried out at regular intervals to build a common understanding of current situatiion
and depicts the participants'common understanding of future societal and market needs. The fourth way to use roadmaps is with visionary strategizing.
The aim is to endorse the formation of policy conclusions based on an in depth understanding of the technological developments and their socioeconomic frameworks.
Such stakeholder engagement can enhance the systemic understanding of existing research activities and applied policy instruments that help to define the scope of the transnational programme in line with criteria such as:
scenarrio for long-term urban developments, an improved understanding of future trends and research needs, first concepts and recommendations for policy measures, a strengthening of the European research and innovation communities,
desirable futures and pathways towards these futures for specific Urban Europe topics Use of a pilot call to improved understanding of future trends
and Urban Europe and ensuring a long-term integration of stakeholders in activities Embedding foresight in transnational research programming. 199 increasing research capacity in a specific thematic area can also contribute to better understanding and aligning research systems.
as well as the general understanding of, and capacity in running, foresight projects through foresight training. Knowledge collected on pilots
methodologies and understanding of transnational research programming needs to be accumulated, calling for institutionalised forms of knowledge repositories.
or understanding, utilising and improving the working of the human brain, or seeking and providing new possibilities for new energy technologies and infrastructurres However, within a real bottom-up approach,
In general, across all combined tools the value of the‘human factor'outweiighe the benefits of any automation tool as these are dependent on a human mind understanding,
and for the prioritization and clustering thereof is viable even in other contexts where there is a need to build shared understandings about the prospects of crosscutting coordination in support of systemic policy objectives.
They had to explain their understanding of the challenge and which aspect of the challenge their project would provide a solution for.
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