Idea

Future idea (6)
Idea (414)
New idea (37)
Revolutionary idea (3)
Visionary ideas (3)

Synopsis: Thinking: Idea:

The starting point and ideas behind the organisation of the Seminar were to learn and consolidate from the recent rejuvenation and growth in future-oriented technology analyses (FTA).

In addition, the idea was to analyse possible overlapping fields of practice among technology foresight, forecasting, intelligence, roadmapping, and assessment.

and standardisation that evaluation encourages with the creativity and dwild cardt nature of many of the ideas implicit in good FTA.

visions and techniques will challenge current evaluation processes and ideas. Evaluation also serves to highlight the role of FTA as learning processes for stakeholders

and thereby encouraging widespread innovation in organisational responses to the challenges of the future. 6. Importing ideas As might be expected of a session dealing with new ideas on FTA there was a wide diversity of suggestions and issues presented.

Based on this realisation, any approach to policy or business strategy based on the idea of early identification of winners must be subject to serious doubts.

and 1980s were influenced strongly by the linear idea that the consensus achieved in Delphi could serve as a forecast and thus as a foundation for taking preparatory actions to exploit emerging technologies.

and combined it with the idea of being able to secure through national policy a leading edge in selected technologies 10.

In a one-shot exercise, the idea is to find the most robust such structure, perhaps a combination of those originally envisaged achieved by buying

You can do a research project usingmany of the ideas from AF, but the full benefits can only be realised in a consultancy project working closely with a client.

or bad. 27 An external drivers'workshop is performed in a structured brainstorming format where participants first get to upload their ideas on drivers.

This can be done in a verbal dialogue where the facilitator (s) in a tour de table format asks each participant at a time to enter a new idea,

In order to come up with new and fresh ideas for policy options comparative analysis of other countries'practices can be instructive. 3. 2. 9. Phase 8:

Such applications are well in line with early ideas on using real options for bridging the gap between strategic planning and investment 51.

which is a variant of the Robust Portfolio Modeling (RPM) methodology for the analysis of innovation ideas and innovative concepts 9, 10,18, 19.

In the context of Woodwisdom-Net, it was employed by regarding research issues as tentative ideas for possible projects that might be promoted in the international program.

insights from the fostering of innovation ideas, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 74 (5)( 2007) 608 626.10 J. Liesiö, P. Mild, A. Salo, Preference programming for Robust Portfolio Modeling and project selection, Eur.

The New approach, confirmed by the recent ideas on European governance, requires the standards to be considered which complement or even substitute governmental regulations in comprehensive regulatory impact assessments

lab-on-a-chip devices for cell analysis The vision of performing laboratory experiments at a micro or even nanoscale was posed first by Terry 50 who linked the idea of integrated microelectronics to the notion of integrated

The idea of a generic platform is contended still (this contention was included in one of the three socio-technical scenarios)

The very idea behind participatory programmes is to bring together different stakeholders with their diverse sets of accumuulate knowledge and experience,

assuming a unity of teaching and research, based on the idea of higher education through exposure to,

The ideas presented here, therefore, can only be taken as points of departure for two types of activities.

They would seek new partners, new funding sources, new ideas for their curricula and research, as well as new roles and responsibilities.

A. Smith, F. Webster, Changing Ideas of the University, in: The Postmodern University? Contested Visions of Higher education in Society.

and policy and decision makers to share their ideas and knowledge in order to make FTA more policy relevant.

In the following paragraphs some ideas about the organization of technological knowledge is described; this knowledge is coupled with the institutional environment of distributed knowledge production.

eliminating older ideas, and thereby creating a new set of design concepts and a new configuration of components technologies.

The primary role of the designer should involve creative recombination of new ideas. If the routine process of exploring for new technological components can be automated,

The role of the following paragraphs is to unpack the ideas inherent in the use of a random hierarchical graph

and to compare these ideas with prevalent theories in the philosophy and sociology of science. The goal in doing this survey is neither to validate the use of the model,

or deny selected ideas in the philosophy of science. Rather, by confronting observations with the context of discussion provided by philosophy,

Derrida's ideas informed Callon and others who developed actor network theory as a vehicle for research in science and technology 33.

A New approach toweb Applications, 2005, Retrieved 15 may 2007, from http://www. adaptivepath. com/ideas/essays/archives/000385. php. 27 W3c (World wide web Consortium), Roadmap

A meta-analysis of 80 scenario processes in the U s. found that these processes were started with a clear idea of the desired results

Therefore, the idea of an organizational integration of the associations had been raised. Political actors of the region were keen on developing a perspective for the future of the sanitation system to avoid singular investments,

While the RIF process in the Kiesental resulted in little surprise with the already prior favored idea for a future sanitation system,

in order to further develop the ideas. The first issue is reflected in the new VTT organisation and its multidisciplinary technology foresight team, consisting of researchers with experience on foresight, technology assessment and risk assessment studies,

One opportunity was selected for more thorough concept development including iterative steps of idea generation and enrichment,

relevant collaborative networks and future actions. o Diverse future perspectives refer to understanding diverse ideas, opinions and perspectives in priority-setting,

The core idea is to share the knowledge and create in that way developed knowledge which is more than the sum of its elements.

One core idea in risk management is to find out early warning signals and near miss situations and learn lessons from them

The same idea goes to foresight exercises where wild cards and weak signals reveal the potential future or give tips for the future. 4. 2. Contingent

The same idea belongs also to the holistic risk management where safety is created in the process by evolving the intrinsic safety potential of the process.

an idea before its time is apt to result in derision and dismissal 3. T. J. Gordon et al./

However, just when then does an idea about the future move from wild speculation to plausible and worthy of consideration?

In the knowledge-value society, innovation, technology development, economic regeneration, openness to new ideas, and their active exploitation, are all inherent elements contributing to the basic values and culture of the society.

like the idea of including interactive and mobile media skills to science education curriculum at the elementary level. 3. 3. Synthesizing discussion Each technology barometer consists of concluding discussions of certain topical issues

so as to be able to convert research based ideas into products and commercialize andmarket themwith increasing efficiency.

Identification of knowledge-based commercial ideas requires competence development, in basic technologies and business thinking alike,

bibliometric analysis and a new approach of inventor scouting to bring in new ideas. In this second phase, the most interesting (crosscutting) topics from the starting phase were elaborated further by the topic coordinators with specific expertise.

New ideas are expected that make it possible to harvest the energy from different environments and transfer it into miniaturized machines.

and implementation phase An international workshop at the beginning of October 2008 marked the link to generate ideas for recommendations concerning policies

along with new ideas, and transmitting them to policy-makers as an input to policy conceptualisation and design.

You can do a research project using many of the ideas from AF but the full benefits can only be realised in a consultancy project working closely with a client.

none of their ideas have been used in practice and to that extent they are original. Many of their indications fall into the realm of behavioural science and the behavioural styles of participants,

'Similarly, because the present ideas are concerned with the practical achievement, with all its shortcomings, of Inclusive foresight, innovation research,

However, there were also some discrepancies that led to the idea of a bifurcation above the Belonger level,

or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. Here the metaphor is an analogy to

and the journeys that will be taken from idea to technical application well embedded in society. In the field of nanotechnology these challenges are compounded further due to the early stage of nano developments

theory and concepts Recent thinking about innovation adds up to a general idea that technology emergence is a process of innovation and selection shot through with anticipations (c. f. quasi-evolutionary

The idea from evolutionary economics of a selection environment indicates the part played by economic, institutional and social factors in shaping a technology. 4 Braun for example describes the early notions of innovation as being characterised by a‘linear'view of innovation as an automatic spill over process between basic knowledge

In this project on RRIWE add a further conceptualization using the idea of arenas of innovation and selection

+a mosaic of arenas for innovation and selection At the time of the Constructive TA project, a method of combining ideas of innovation journeys amidst evolving landscapes (coevollutio of innovation/selection processes

The idea of endogenous future is midway between attempts at prediction (which are always precarious)

Ideas of responsible development of nanotechnology have been in circulation for a while now, but by the end of 2007 they were solidifying into policy and regulation.

as a result of the factors associated with the novelty of the ideas/controversies involved in the process,

but the idea of the rational decision has been challenged for decades by decision theorists (Lindblom 1959;

As already mentioned, the idea of the rational decision has been challenged for decades by decision theorists.

first, to call on the public research institutes to submit ideas for new research programmes; and second, to use a foresight exercise to identify

the FNR first issued a call to the research community to submit ideas for new programmes.

The research community's ideas were dismissed therefore and the proposed foresight exercise was given the go-ahead by the Board,

which was supportive of the idea of a foresight exercise. Later on, it even requested the Fund to broaden the scope of the analysis from the‘mere'definition of new FNR programmes to the identification of nationwide research priorities, i e.‘

Discussion around this point tended to get tied up with the idea of identifying new‘competence niches'for Luxembourg to exploit.

Some particiipant particularly those who were already critical of the performance of the public research centres believed that the exercise was flawed by relying so heavily upon the ideas and visions of existing researchers.

These individuals (or sometimes groups) were able to channel a strong idea into the exercise and push it to the end.

The results (ideas) of an exercise can only be translated into reality if there is somebody ready to act on it,

but interactive tools were made available to offer the public an opportunity to contribute to the process with own ideas and proposals throughout the whole period (www. wiendenktzukunft. at).

but there was little room given to outsiders with unconventional ideas. As a consequence, some of the initiatives that were put forward in the process were not really new,

and the idea of shaping the future by influencing public policy and strategic decisions. 3 In their seminal paper on‘Inclusive foresight'Loveridge and Street (2005) argue that the credibiilit of foresight is dependent on extending participation to social stakeholders, especially those not normally seeking participation themselves.

The idea of an‘image'of stakeholders is used here not in a managerial sense, as in the image of an organisation or firm which continuously has to be updated

and organisations share a similar idea of this particular social group and their participatory potential. The present case of a Norwegian municipal vision project points to the often implicitly assumed shared understanding of who young people are

which ideas of the future should be labelled as‘desired 'and how the resulting visions should be used in the planning context.

Before and after the phase in which the schoolchildren's ideas were collected, a telephone survey was conducted with the 20 municipality schools about their intentions to participate in the project

which the idea of assumed shared values collided with the ideal of community engagement. 9 The following discussion of how an image of schoolchildren as stakeholders

Among the activities suggested by the community council was expressed the idea by the mayor of Lundal:‘

and giving priority to their ideas about Lundal's future was expressed by the community council in September 2005:‘

This would be an advantageous precondition for developing their future ideas. Thus a specific social-economic image of young people as stakeholders was indispensable for their participation.

It is the ideas about what we should put effort into which are the most important

and these ideas might result in physical projects which the municipality can analyse later. 13 The image of young people as being free from capitalist motives was coupled with a clear request to leave out ideas about physical future projects.

Apparently the assumed essential absence of capitalist interests was not enough to direct the young people's ideas in the desired direction.

To avoid political discussions about unrealistic use of municipal areas resulting from the young Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 978 S. Jenssen Figure 2. Illustration by German cartoonist

Rainer Ehrt used by the vision project leader to underline the lack of capitalist interests in young people's ideas about the future.

Power point presentation, March 2006. people's suggestions, they were asked to focus on the‘well-being of citizens and on ideas about

more informed social groups to create their‘own'ideas. Another preconditionwas a request to imagine themselves as grownups.

They were asked to use their estimated age of about 30 years in 2020 as a starting point for their visionary ideas. 14

and desire and not be connected to an idea of their community in the future. 15 Furthermore, the project leadership presumed the children's ideas to be unstructured

and nonrefleective essentially mirroring their hopes, beliefs and concerns about the future. Therefore their ideas would have to be developed into short stories,

which would show desired descriptions of Lundal in 2020. These future pictures were to be written using expected trends in municipal developmmen coupled with the young people's ideas.

The finished stories were then to be discussed in workshops, one with participants from different service compartments of the municipality and one with politicians.

The project group suggested design depicted in Figure 3. The young students'ideas would thus be the initial creative input to the future pictures

'16 Result and outcome of the vision project According to the municipality's official project report, nine out of 20 secondary schools and colleges participated, with a reported outcome of 300 different ideas.

The municipal project leader ordered the ideas collected from the Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:

however, expressed surprise at how similar the young people's ideas were to their own political party programmes.

I cannot claim that there have been many revolutionary ideas. But this is the way society works; we are supposed not to come up with revolutionary ideas all the time.

I am not sure about this, but I am of the opinion that development in a municipality is suited not to especially deep reflection concerning all consequences...

if one wishes to do so. 17 Although the future ideas were presented as being created entirely by the young,

no juvenile wishes and demands connected to the present, no ideas about physical projects, only ideas about social well-being and a clear dissociation from too fantastic notions.

Through both image construction and the pre-processual framing of contributions, the project leaders thus ensured that the future ideas contributed by the young were well within the possible and the desirable.

Economic No capitalist interests No ideas about physical projects! Political Their future ideas are unstructured basically and non-reflexive The contributions would need narrative structure

and other actors'input too fantastic ideas will be erased! Visioning at the service of‘good'Practitioners

and scholars have discussed the value of a futures approach in the field of community planning as not necessarily‘in discovering new factual knowledge about sustainable urban developmment

) The idea fits both the objectives of municipal visioning, and the approach proposed within inclusive foresiigh as giving room to lay knowledge and inclusive, non-expert participation.

It follows up on the idea of participation as not being based upon knowledge-founded authority but on representing an authentic social group, contributing perspectives and insights different from all the others.

The young people were asked to contribute with ideas matching their image as stakeholders already constructed.

what their own ideas about the future might be, based on the knowledge acquired by asking parents, friends and neighbours. 20 Nevertheless,

it cannot be too far away from the municipality's idea of the future. Otherwise they cannot share it.

This paper focuses on the idea that informative mining of S&t information resources can be done quickly and powerfully.

insights from the fostering of innovation ideas. Technological forecasting and Social Change 74, no. 5: 608 26.

and accepted only 56 of them, there was always the opportunity for a rich vein of ideas to be mined.

Recently also political science approaches have been advocating the idea that innovation in the environment of the political system needs a corresponding increase in complexity of the political system or

Here, Foresight can generate ideas on alternatives and recognise the diverse perspectives in priority setting 32,33

insights from the fostering of innovation ideas, Technological forecasting and Social Change 74 (5)( 2007) 608 626.28 J. Irvine, B. R. Martin, Foresight in Science:

The diversity sets up creative synergies that generate new ideas and a system of checks and balances that harnesses professional expertise to evaluate those ideas.

Scanning provides a framework with which a company can regularly and systematically marshal the pattern-recognition capabilities of a group of professionals to identify important changes in the business environment

which successful approaches and ideas from the past discourage employees from innovation. Scanning processes can provide quick, occasional doses of chaos to employees and managers.

idea-killing behavior and steers the discussion clear of extended exchanges of opinion or philosophical discussions.

This type of clustering allows companies to gain ideas from other industries or other product domains.

An awareness of such new capabilities serves as a jumping-off point for generating ideas for new technology-based products and services.

the filtering process that identifies valuable ideas and knowledge for an organization can begin in earnest.

and ideas to ones the Scan process has identified previously, and they probe and test the ideas and topics for their substance, plausibility,

and potential implications. 4. The players Because the scanning process profits from a wide variety of perspectives in the abstract-collection process and the Scan meeting,

so that topics and ideas do not appear repeatedly unless new developments merit a resurfacing of the topic. 5. The product The most important product of the scanning process is increased an awareness on the part of planners, employees,

The presence of a senior manager can inhibit the discussion and stifle innovative ideas and input.

Using some combination of foresight methods ideas are generated and filtered until a list exists that may be subject to prioritisation.

a decade earlier an attempt to construct matrices of such interdependence had collapsed under its own weight the idea was pursued not further.

Simpler definitions of innovation present it as‘‘the successful exploitation of new ideas''.''4 However, 4 See for example UK Innovation White paper 27.

and building linkages between partners or even to generate new product ideas directly 29. The use of foresight approaches to build linkages for innovation represents a focus for foresight activity in innovation.

and of communicating these to suppliers brings to the fore the idea of using foresight to create a common vision as a framework in

and understanding diverse ideas, opinions and perspectives in prioritysettting identifying and fostering alternative and competing coalitions

Fixed Structured discussion and the generation of new ideas in the workshops Autonomous Creative brainstorming and ideation in the different scenario and roadmapping workshops.

Exclusive Intensive stakeholder engagement in core group Extensive Cooperative idea and concept creation among stakeholders from different Nordic organisations and firms;

Extensive Ideas were exposed in conferences and a survey was launched to opinion-formers leaders in business, government, media, NGOS and academia.

Generation of innovation ideas in Finnish Foresight Forumf 20 Informative Identification of future developments in nutrigenomics,(ii) health care and social services and (iii) services for the provision of personal experiences.

Instrumental Identification of innovation ideas and promoting stakeholder networking. Diverse Analysis of diverging views on innovation ideas among stakeholders.

Fixed Robust portfolio modelling, online surveys. Autonomous Stakeholder workshops. Extensive Wide stakeholder participation in online surveys. Exclusive Limited but open stakeholder participation in the workshops.

however, difficult to trace in published official documents of the European commission that often do not explicitly refer to sources of ideas.

and informative outcomes) Agora foresight can be characterised as informative processes with diverse future perspectives that explore diverse ideas

future perspectives that generate many ideas, opinions and perspectives, which support the specific foreseen decision-making situation or for the formation of strategic partnerships/joint actions.

The driving for diversity of perspectives together with instrumental results are likely to lead to concrete innovation ideas

The second project identifiedwas a foresightprocess attachedtofinnish Foresight Forum, whichengageddifferent stakeholder groups, encouragedthemtosubmit ideas on prospective innovations,

and explicated multiple perspectives in the evaluation and analysis of these ideas. Drawing upon these lines of thinking,

in Europe, Futures 36 (10)( 2004) 1063 1075.9 T. Ko nno la, V. Brummer, A. Salo, Diversity in foresight insights from the fostering of innovation ideas

The idea of posits provides us with a label for specific sets of knowledge. These are the sets of knowledge that are to do with the consequences that our models of situations

whose far-future and cosmological‘‘novels''such as Star Maker (1937) dramatise these notions (even introducing ideas of a multiverse).

than it is a free market of ideas of a level playing field. Matters have improved over recent years with more journals,

and exchange of ideas across communities of research and practice in FTA. But huge knowledge gaps are apparent,

Unfortunately, some valuable ideas may be selected out as being too challenging sometimes they are postponed for later analysis,

coming close to Boisot's idea of social learning cycle (17,18). Taking account of cultural factors, values and opinions,

along with ideas about knowledge being contained''in things and knowledge flows happening (e g. in technology transfer), that it is hard to shift.

The idea that knowledge development takes place through a (typically clockwise) multi-cycle spiral movement through these different SECI cycle categories is a powerful heuristic for explicating FTA EXERCISES and activities.

and debate about, ideas. There are periods where ideas are being written down and listed and where different lists are combined.

There are periods where narratives are constructed about possible trajectories of development; where policy or strategy implications and priorities are elaborated;

''but the grouping of ideas into STEEPV or other categories is more like‘‘combination'';''often the two knowledge activities are hard to demarcate.

‘‘socialisation''as these ideas are chewed over, conceptual frameworks given a first airing, possible actions and implications for policy explored.

They have to work together to cluster ideas which means debating the relationships between drivers and topics.

They will share ideas about how the contents of the cluster are interlinked and relate to the other themes being pursued.

''There may well be more clustering of ideas, with discussion about the connections between ideas proving a good basis for exchanging information about implicit models and theories.

Presentation and group discussion of the material provide further opportunities for‘‘internalisation''and‘‘socialisation''.''Major‘‘combination''moments come in the scenario construction sessions that constitute the heart of the workshop.

for example to capture ideas and allow for rapid collation of views. Experience is accumulating about the use of tools for mindmapping

Many ideas were debated, but these remain to be operationalised. The ability of the FTA COMMUNITY to garner sufficient credibility, legitimacy and authority to contribute to such global agendas is still a concern.

Challenging Petersen's hypothesis, his additional thoughts on‘Cascading Discontinuity Sets'broke away from the idea of wild cards to introduce other types of interrelated events.

The idea is similar to the Black swan theory described by Taleb 10 in his book‘‘The Black swan''.

Results can serve as baseline for a more quantitative-reactive survey next year likely generating a higher return rate requiring less time to formulate original ideas. 3. 2. Analysis of the results 3. 2. 1. Descriptive statistics

and that they would be motivated by the opportunity to add content ideas additional to their evident Foresight process expertise.

creation of out-of-control species, viruses, robots Disruption of technological systems Artificial intelligence passes human capacity Shocking scientific discovery challenges all hitherto received ideas, e g.,

ideas and experience, and a stronger platform on which to promote the vital need of addressing the future to individuals at all levels

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