months

ART27.pdf

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1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1t 3jh, UK Technology analysis & Strategic management Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:

12 oct 2009. To cite this article: Frank Glod, Carlo Duprel & Michael Keenan (2009) Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country:

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8 november 2009,933 951 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country: the case of Luxembourg Frank Gloda*,Carlo Duprela and Michael Keenanb afonds national de la recherche, 6 rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, B

10.1080/09537320903262298 http://www. informaworld. com Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 934 F. Glod et al.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 935 Expenditure on Public research 0 20 000 000 40 000 000 60 000 000 80 000 000 100

the FNR serves as Luxembourg's national funding agency in supporting the development of research competences in topics of national interest Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 936 F. Glod et al. through multi

even if revolution might Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science

such as Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 938 F. Glod et al. Luxembourg, where in theory, it is possible to engage almost everyone in the prioritisation proceess Rather,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 939 where respondents were asked to rate research domains against a battery of‘attractiveness'and‘feasibility'criteria.

which not only provides the budget for the Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 940 F. Glod et al.

if their Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 941 research was not to fall under identified research priorities.

ICT Infrastructure Telecoms Voip Social & human sciences Economy, policies, institutional framework Economy and finance Dynamics of financial wealth creation Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december

by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 943 so-called‘competence niches'

which was to last about six months and deliver a list of ranked priorities. As we will argue below,

Indeed, it would be fair to say that there was a questionable commitment to a deliberative and discursive Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 944 F. Glod et al. process,

rational Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 945 manner instead,

since the FNR represents only about 20%of the public investment in research Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 946 F. Glod et al.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 947 6. 4. Impacts on the private sector It is unclear

Expectations around competence niches Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 948 F. Glod et al. dictated that national priorities had to be fewer in number

or whether the Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 950 F. Glod et al. 4. The use of the term‘in-house'can refer to actors beyond the officials of a ministry

Paper presented at the Second FTA Conference, 28 29 september, Sevilla, Spain. Keenan, M. 2003. Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level:

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight for science and technology priority setting in a small country 951 Meyer, M. 2008.

New technology Foresight, Forecasting and Assessment Methods, 13 14 may, Sevilla, Spain. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014

ART28.pdf

This article was downloaded by: University of Bucharest On: 03 december 2014, At: 05:10 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number:

12 oct 2009. To cite this article: K. Matthias Weber, Klaus Kubeczko, Alexander Kaufmann & Barbara Grunewald (2009) Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis:

Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www. tandfonline. com/page/termsanndconditions Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Technology analysis & Strategic management Vol. 21

8 november 2009,953 969 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis: experiences from the innovation policy foresight and strategy process of the City of Vienna K. Matthiasweber*,Klaus Kubeczko, Alexander Kaufmann and Barbara Grunewald Austrian Institute of technology, Department Foresight and Policy development, Vienna

10.1080/09537320903262314 http://www. informaworld. com Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 954 K. M. Weber et al. municipal RTI policy actions until the year 2015.

However, the growing complexity of innovation processes is recognised also by stressing the bottom up Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 955 component of networking

and Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 956 K. M. Weber et al.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 957 Table 1. A Framework to classify the impacts of foresight activities.

when there was not even a first discussion Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 958 K. M. Weber et al. about setting up a broader participatory process on research

the main phase of the project‘Wien denkt Zukunft'started in November 2006 with a major kickoff event attended by over 500 participants.

'Over the following 12 months, a broad participative debate on RTI policy strategies for the city was conducted.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 959 Panel 1 FTI in business Integrative concept for RTI-strategy Panel

academia and business and Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 960 K. M. Weber et al. several hundred participants.

and each panel met between three and five times over the following months. While the opening session was mainly presenting the intentions and the working mode of the initiative,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 961 4. Objectives,

with a special Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 962 K. M. Weber et al.

(1 Under the title of a‘Keynote Programme'for the specific fields of research in the humanities, the social and cultural sciences (on the side of the already well established programmes for Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs

and the benefits Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 964 K. M. Weber et al. of

medium-term impacts While it may be too early to assess the sustainability of the medium-term impacts that have become apparent 18 months after the end of the process,

and Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 965 boundary-crossing initiatives are difficult to realise.

and the restrictions on the time horizon implied Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 966 K. M. Weber et al. that some longer-term issues tended to be excluded

and thus to the consideration of alternative futures had been addressed in the forward-looking part Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 967 of the preceding research programme on the Viennese innovation system,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 968 K. M. Weber et al. Notes 1. This section draws largely on Havas, Schartinger, andweber (2007.

Linking Research and Practice',Brighton, 11 13 september 2006. Cassingena Harper, J, . and L. Georghiou. 2005.

Executive version, City of Vienna, November 2007. City of Vienna. 2007b. Wiener Strategie für Forschung, Technologie und Innovation.

Long version, City of Vienna, November 2007. Dosi, G. 1988. The nature of the innovative process.

Self-evaluation tool for foresight project managers. http://www. eranet-forsociety. net (accessed 19 november 2007. Freeman, C. 1991.

In Proceedings of the Foresight Summit, Budapest, 27 29 september 2007. Kuhlmann, S. 2001. Management of innovation systems:

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 969 Smits, R,

www. innovationspolitik-wien. at Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014

ART29.pdf

This article was downloaded by: University of Bucharest On: 03 december 2014, At: 05:10 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number:

12 oct 2009. To cite this article: Stefanie Jenssen (2009) Foresight and governance: how good can it get?

8 november 2009,971 986 Foresight and governance: how good can it get? The case of stakeholder image construction in a municipal vision project Stefanie Jenssen*Centre for technology, innovation and culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway The article addresses the theme of foresight and equality in the area of stakeholder participation

10.1080/09537320903262397 http://www. informaworld. com Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 972 S. Jenssen multi-stakeholder dialogue

In regard to foresight Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance: how good can it get?

Scholars of science and technology studies (STS) have called attention Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 974 S. Jenssen to the specific qualities of foresight

Therefore we need a broader understanding of reflexivity Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:

and to collect‘relevant ethnographic moments'(Van't Klooster and Van Asselt 2006) during the 7-month project period.

In September 2005, the municipal administration conducted a survey measuring their inhabitants'satisfaction with the community services provided.

'Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 976 S. Jenssen Figure 1. The future picture of Lundal was situated clearly within the possible and desirable.

From power point presentation by project leadership, March 2006. The visioning project was organised by a project group consisting of one of Lundal's municipal administration employees

The process of the visioning project was defined also as being guided by Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:

and giving priority to their ideas about Lundal's future was expressed by the community council in September 2005:‘

To avoid political discussions about unrealistic use of municipal areas resulting from the young Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 978 S. Jenssen Figure 2. Illustration by German cartoonist

Power point presentation, March 2006. people's suggestions, they were asked to focus on the‘well-being of citizens and on ideas about

The municipal project leader ordered the ideas collected from the Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:

979 Figure 3. The design of the municipal vision project according to the project group, February 2006. schools systematically and created three future pictures,

or agree Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 980 S. Jenssen on a desired vision, for instance upcoming municipal elections.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance: how good can it get?

The case discussed here illustrates Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 982 S. Jenssen that power in such processes is both hierarchical and relational, yet‘not simply a relationship between partners, individual or collective;

‘Most OECD member Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:

Proposal sent by Lundal's head of administration to the community council, September 2005, p. 7. 12.

March 2006 italics added. 13. Invitation sent by Lundal's head of schools to all secondary schools and colleges,

February 2006 italics added. 14. From Invitation. 15. Interview with vision project leader, April 2006. All interviews were conducted in confidentiality,

and the names of interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement. 16. Interview with vision project leader April 2006.17.

Interview with vision project leader, June 2006.18. In this respect, foresight practises and guidance literature interact with research areas of science and technology studies (STS), especially regarding insights about the relationships between‘given facts and future values'.

'As Brown (2005,331) writes:‘‘in a wide range of contexts, present day evidences, proofs, facts or truths are giving way to future-oriented abstractions premised on desire,

Local newspaper article, 5 april 2006.21. See also Flyvbjerg (1998. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 984 S. Jenssen 22.

Theorist of urban planning Huw Thomas takes a pragmatic position when discussing the relationship of planning, power and values:‘

developing organizational foresight in the knowledge economy',11 13 july 2002, University of Strathclyde Graduate school of Business, Glasgow, UK.

knowledge flows and the coordination of innovation. http://www. iesam. csic. es/proyecto/formwp1. pdf (accessed September 2009).

Paper presented at 3rd Strathclyde international conference on organisational foresight, 16 18 august 2007, University of Strathclyde Graduate school of Business, Glasgow, UK.

European commission. http://forlearn. jrc. es/guide/0 home/index. htm (accessed September 2009. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:

how good can it get? 985 Flyvbjerg, B. 1998. Rationality and power: Democracy in practice. Chicago:

European Science Foundation. http://www. costa22. org/articles. php (accessed June 2009. Garfinkel, H. 1967.

National Institute of Science and Technology policy, Japan. www. nistep. go. jp/achiev/ftx/eng/mat077e/html/mat0771e. html (accessed September 2009.

Paper presented at Nordic conference, 14 16 august 2003, Lillehammer. http://www. ks. no/upload/4342/p-hagen asmervik. doc (accessed September 2009).

Herzfeld, M. 1997. Anthropology and the politics of significance. Social Analysis 41, no. 3: 107 38.

the role of foresight in the selection of research policy priorities, 13 14 may 2002, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), Seville, Spain.

UNIDO. http://www. tc. cz/dokums publikace/tf-course-textbook-unido 1085 11. pdf (accessed September 2009. Konrad, K,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 986 S. Jenssen Marcus, G. 1995.

Anthropology Matters Journal 6, no. 2. http://www. anthropologymatters. com/journal/2004-2/o'connor 2004 devising. htm (accessed September 2009.

Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional research. http://www. nibr. no/publikasjoner/rapporter/172/(accessed September 2009.

Paper presented at second international Seville seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA), 28-29 september 2006, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), Seville, Spain.

United nations. http://www. unescap. org/pdd/prs/Projectactivities/Ongoing/gg/governance. asp (accessed September 2009.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014

ART3.pdf

QTIP: Quick technology intelligence processes Alan L. Porter*,1 R&d, Search Technology, Inc.,4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd.

Suite 230, Norcross, GA, 30071, USA Received 13 may 2004; received in revised form 11 october 2004;

accepted 18 october 2004 Abstract Empirical technology analyses need not take months; they can be done in minutes.

One can thereby take advantage of wide availability of rich science and technology publication and patent abstract databases to better inform technology management.

We traditionally perceived the answer calibrated in months, particularly for empirical technology analyses. This mindset contributes to many technology management

The time to conduct certain technology analyses can be reduced from months to minutes by taking advantage of four factors enabling QTIP Quick Technology intelligence Processes:

We know of a major corporation that reduced its time to provide a key set of competitive technological intelligence (CTI) analyses from 3 months to 3 days.

it will take two semesters to completeq. Instead, the quick mindset has the user set the defining temporal parameter the deadline then we technology analysts fit into that schedule.

He wants 3 Powerpoint slides like those we used last month in a similar benchmarking exercise.!

What You Need from Technology information Products, Research-Technology management, 2004 (Nov 8 H. de Bruijn, A l. Porter, The education of a technology policy analyst-to process management, Technology analysis and Strategic management 16 (2)( 2004

ART30.pdf

03 december 2014, At: 05:11 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number:

12 oct 2009. To cite this article: Ahti Salo, Ville Brummer & Totti Könnölä (2009) Axes of balance in foresight reflections from Finnsight 2015, Technology analysis & Strategic management, 21:8, 987-1001, DOI:

Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www. tandfonline. com/page/termsanndconditions Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Technology analysis & Strategic management Vol. 21

8 november 2009,987 1001 Axes of balance in foresight reflections from Finnsight 20151 Ahti Saloa*,Ville Brummera and Totti Könnöläb asystems Analysis Laboratory, Helsinki University

10.1080/09537320903262447 http://www. informaworld. com Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 988 A. Salo et al.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 989

This situation changed in April 2005 when the Government took a decision in principle on the structural development of the public research system at large.

and Technology policy Council of Finland (STPC) should develop by the end June 2006 a national strategy for establishing Strategic Centres of Excellence in Research and Innovation.

definition of panel titles and appointment Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 990 A. Salo et al. of panel chairmen).

it was imperative to achieve a proper balance in addressing the Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 991 intertwined components of research (of key concern to the Academy of Finland and innovation

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 992 A. Salo et al. panel meetings were organised only about seven weeks later than the initial meeting of the panel chairmen. 3. 3. Analytical concepts and methodological

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 993 In the first panel meetings

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 994 A. Salo et al. The coordination of panels was supported by three meetings for the panel chairmen.

and those policy makers who would not have the opportunity to read the full Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 995 Table 1. Examples of focal areas of competences identified by the panels.

The panel reports were published on 13 june 2006 in the Auditorium of the Museum of Contempporar Art (Kiasma) in central Helsinki.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 996 A. Salo et al. d) Subsequent policy developments Because foresight is a highly systemic instrument with close linkages to other policy processes that contribute to the development of the R&i system,

Also, in the same month when the results of Finnsight were published, the STPC took steps towards the establishment of Strategic Centres for Science,

By June 2009, six strategic centres have started their operations (i e. energy and environment; metal products and mechanical engineering;

The objectives of this process whose Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 997 results were published in June 2008

nevertheless to provide feedback on the foresight process and the panel reports in April 2006. In this survey

Along this axis, it is noteworthy that the Finnsight reports were published in June 2006 when the Government took decisions towards the implementation of a national strategy in which the establishment of Strategic Centres of Science,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 998 A. Salo et al. 4. 2. Extensive vs exclusive stakeholder engagement Extensive stakeholder engagement refers to foresight approaches where the number of participants is high

even if this may cause a certain degree of unpredictability and cause management challenges. In contrast, exclusive stakeholder engagement refers to expressly controlled stakeholder participation that may be driven,

and coalitions that may reflect rivalling visions or even incompatible perspectives on the future (Könnölä,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 999 In Finnsight,

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 1000 A. Salo et al. Notes on contributors Ahti Salo is a professor at the Systems analysis Laboratory of the Helsinki University of Technology.

and Innovation policy Council as of January 2009) is to assist the Government and its ministries by addressing, for instance,

Nordic Innovation Centre. http://www. nordicinnovation. net/img/nordic foresight forum final report. pdf (accessed 20 september 2009. Ansoff, I. 1975.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 1001 Irvine, J,

lang=fi (accessed 7 october 2009. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014

ART38.pdf

Introduction From priority-setting to societal challenges in future-oriented technology analysis Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) is derived a term from a collective description given to the range of technology-oriented forecasting methods and practices by a group of futures researchers and practitioners

Futuresresearchmethodology, Version 2. 0, Millenniumproject of theamerican Council for theunitednationsuniversity2003 (July. 3 R. A. Slaughter, Probing beneath the surface:

and the long wave, Futures 34 (3 4 april 2002) 317 336.5 F. Scapolo, New horizons and challenges for future-oriented technology analysis the 2004 EU-US seminar, Technological forecasting

Available online 19 november 2010 Introduction/Futures 43 (2011) 229 231 231

ART39.pdf

Tailoring Foresight to field specificities§Antoine Schoen a,,*Totti Ko nno la b, 1, Philine Warnke c, 2, Re'mi Barre'd, 3, Stefan Kuhlmann e, 4 a Universite

Available online 19 november 2010 A b s T R A c T Thepaperpresentsanapproachatimprovingtheimpact offoresightbysystematicallytaking into account the characteristics of the targeted research and innovation (R&i) domains when designing a Foresight exercise.

http://www. prime-noe. org/index. php (accessed November 7, 2009. Contents lists available at Sciencedirect Futures journal homepage:

Priority setting may, however, decrease the diversity of options that could challenge conventional approaches and dominant designs 29

e g. 35) may create pathdependdencie and locking-out alternative technological options 36. Here, Foresight can also contribute to the creative restructuring

9‘‘Lesogmface aux nouveaux paradigmes de la biologie'',meeting organised on February 11th and 12th 2009 in the framework of the ANR-OGM COBINA research project. 10 Decision announced by Ilse Aigner, federal ministry for agriculture, on April 14th 2009.

A. Schoen et al.//Futures 43 (2011) 232 242 237 and those ingredients traceable to their source.

and opening up may be useful to avoid early lock in into dominant paradigms that may later prove less fruitful.

Acknowledgements This paper is based on a workshop organised by the JRC-IPTS European foresight Action at Seville, Spain, June 2008.

Presentation at PRIME Annual Conference 2005,7 8 january, Manchester, 2005.42 A. Bonaccorsi, Explaining poor performance of European science:

European Strategies in Global economy'',Toulouse, July 7 9, 2008.46 B. Kahane, A. Delemarle, L. Villard, P. Lare'do, Knowledge dynamics and agglomeration phenomena:

Presentation at the PRIME Winter School on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Grenoble, 4 8 february, 2008.48 A. Bonaccorsi, G. Thoma, Institutional complementarity and inventive performance in nano science and Technology research

ART4.pdf

The role of scanning in open intelligence systems Kermit M. Patton*Scan Program, SRI CONSULTING BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United states Received 13 may 2004;

received in revised form 30 september 2004; accepted 1 october 2004 Abstract Every month, SRI CONSULTING BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (SRIC-BI) professionals assemble more than 100 short abstracts of developments that they perceive to be signals of change, discontinuities, inflection points, outliers, or disruptive developments.

The effort is part of a continuous scanning process and Scan program that allows SRICBB to gauge the ongoing turbulent confluence of culture, commerce,

K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1086 month the database administrator closes off submissions for the month and directs the continuing stream of abstracts into a new set for the next month.

SRIC-BI employees generate more than 100 abstracts each month. Typically between 20 and 25 employees contribute abstracts.

New employees at SRIC-BI generally participate in the scanning process for 6 months before managing to submit consistently valuable abstracts.

After 6 months the same employee might submit an abstract on the development of a microchip that contains system-on-a-chip components to enable Wimax wireless broadband access to homes and offices a much more interesting development in terms of enabling dramatic

Frequent calls by the meeting facilitator for new clusters of abstracts or discussion topics are necessary to mine the month's abstracts as thoroughly as possible for signals of change.

Learning what constitutes a good Scan abstract can take 6 months to a year of attending Scan meetings.

To sustain the process beyond 6 months requires a strong commitment from the organization to make the process work

rising obesity rates add up to a growing industry in plus-size design, I. D. 65 (2004 March/April) 61 63.

ART40.pdf

Available online 18 november 2010 A b s T R A c T The paper addresses the application of foresight to research and innovation policy and strategy.

This may exist in advance (for example the current headings used for funding) or may itself be the result of a process.

The process is typically a broader sociopolitical interaction of supply side technology or science push with demand side Pull in an unstructured process the various interest groups press their case

The 2 This section of the paper was developed initially for a presentation Foresight in Priority Setting Towards a European Initiative at a workshop‘‘Shaping the European Dimension of Foresight"28 february 1 march 2005, Brussels ftp://ftp

and may miss crucial emerging attributes of research and research actors in the knowledge society''.''A number of foresight exercises have addressed actors.

and technology that may feature in priorities exercises but rather involves the mastery or areas such as training,

which then may evolve to become cheaper and more effective such that they can be rolled out to other markets.

regulators of potential technological and/or socioeconomic situations which regulation may promote; and builders of clusters or platforms of the various kinds of linkages which can bind them together in future market and technology development. 5. Conclusion:

FOREN Guide Foresight for Regional development Network A Practical Guide to Regional foresight, European commission, December 2001.6 H. Chesbrough, The era of open innovation, Sloan Management Review 44 (3)( 2003.

Paper Presented at the UNIDO Technology foresight Summit, September, Budapest, 2007.11 T. L. Saaty, The Analytical Hierarchy Process, Mcgraw hill, New york, 1980.12 Office of Science and Technology and PREST

Future-oriented technology analysis Strategic intelligence for an Innovative economy, Springer, 2008.27 Department for Innovation, Universities & Skills, UK, Innovation White paper Innovation Nation, CM7345, March 2008.28 I. Rollwagen, J. Hofmann

A First Overview, Commission of the European communities, EUR 20921, October 2002, p. 10.30 L. Georghiou, The UK Technology foresight Programme, Futures 28 (4)( 1996) 361.31

, L. Georghiou, A. Subira, Creating an innovative Europe, Report of the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation Appointed Following the Hampton Court Summit, January 2006.

Practices Favourable to R&d and Innovation, European commission, September 2005, EUR 21793 EN. L. Georghiou, J. Cassingena Harper/Futures 43 (2011) 243 251 251

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