or may cut across several sectoral innovation systems. Malerba (2004) 272. C.-C. Chung has tried also to link the relationships within a sectoral innovation system to a country's international performannce as well as a sector to the technological opportunities which can be mobilized to develop new products and processes for that sector.
but may also change differently over time. Secondly, different NSTISS may adopt the same knowleedg base to develop different products
Changes in soft institutions are likely to be particularly critical in determining progress in finding viable paths towards tackling grand challenges and any consequent change in paradigms that these may entail.
transformaation may emerge through proactive coordination that may lead to changes in competition and integration modes of governance.
but also possible disruptive events or developments that may radicalll influence the future. This trend reflects growing attentiio to uncertainties and complexities,
First, the traditional and best established forms of FTA focus on the anticipation of rather gradual change that may require adjustments of how innovation systems are wired up'and what thematic,
Overall, networks for the collaborative development of crosscutting challenges Coping with a fast-changing world. 161 may help reframe the‘bigger picture
'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference, held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<<http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/Programmeandpapers. htm>accessed 15 dec 2011.
'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<<http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/Programmeandpapers. htm>accessed 15 dec 2011.
'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference, held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<<http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/Programmeandpapers. htm>accessed 15 dec 2011.
'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<<http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/Programmeandpapers. htm>accessed 15 dec 2011.
The places where science research will take place may change. Universities are presently key players but consortia of researchers,
'paper presented at the Fourth International Seville Conference on Future-oriented technology analysis, held Seville, Spain, 12 may 2011.
and of research infrastructure planning with these programmmes The participation of the actors in research systems in a foresight process may also promote transparennc
Van Rij 2010a, 2010b) Horizon scanning may also take place in specific policy domains (Botterhuis et al. 2010.
Thus, one may end up with different sets of individual observations that could be related to each other under certain headings such as:
These elements give clues for further scanning of signals that may support or deny the possibility that the story will occur (the signals are known as secondary signals).
that may confirm or oppose the selected storylines. If the seconddar signals have manifested themselves in the period before the scanning was done,
and attracts a lot of policy attention the issue may suddenly head in a completely undirected way because of the occurreenc of wild cards or countervailing issues.
This may particularly be the case with issues which include controversies or require coordination and collaboration across different and segmennte policies In the cases where conflicts may arise even small investments in examining the issues may be blocked.
Overall, potential wild cards and emerging issues, including their early warning signals, have to fight for attention in the political discourse except for situations in which they fit
and assess early warning signals that may indicate potential emerging issues from of a variety of media and sources.
or alternative/contradictory descriptions that may lead to combined or meta descriptions Connections and clustering is made as reported in survey responses, literature and based on reviewers'expertise.
for instance may allow new meanings (Nonaka 1994) to be synthesized through the shared development of crosscutting challennges From a methodological perspective, internet-based tools for continuous idea generation (Graefe et al. 2010), idea management
One may therefore wish to strive for a traceability that allows users to explore which issues a given cluster was built from and
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