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lab-on-a-chip devices for cell analysis The vision of performing laboratory experiments at a micro or even nanoscale was posed first by Terry 50 who linked the idea of integrated microelectronics to the notion of integrated
governance of converging new technologies integrated from the nanoscale, Paper Presented at the Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, Portland, 2007.2 A. De Haan, K. Mulder, Sustainable air transport:
Converging technologies at the nanoscale: the making of a new world? Technology and Strategic management 20 (1)( 2008) 29 44 January 24 P. Berg, et al.
Special issue on Nanoscale research, Res. Policy 36 (2007) 871 879.41 A. Nordmann, If and then:
microelectronics, materials and biotechnologies and as their‘bottom-up'convergence at the nanoscale. To address field specificities for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies,
Nano excellence seems to be concentrated highly (role of‘technology platforms'to work at the nanoscale) in 200 clusters where Asia has a strong presence:
We define it as the ability of controlled manipulation at the nanoscale (1 100 nm) 5
and systems that relate directly to the nanoscale. The ability to control matter at such small length scales got a big push by the development and improvement of a variety of microscopes (e g.
and is therefore a powerful tool to investigate structures at the nanoscale. This discovery was the beginning of a whole range of microscopes achieving the same precision,
Technologies Converging at the Nanoscale, 2003 (January. 23 P. G. Collins, P. Avouris, Nanotubes for electronics, Scientific American 283 (6)( 2000 (December)) 62 69.24 Cientifica:
optofluidic, electrical and mechanical approaches to biomolecular detection at the nanoscale, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4 (1 2)( 2008) 33 52.33 G. A. Urban, Micro-and nanobiosensors state of the art and trends, Meas.
and processes at the nanoscale, where the onset of size-dependent phenomena usually enables novel applications.
Nanotechnologies utilize the properties of nanoscale materials that differ from the properties of individual atoms, molecules,
The Coming Era of Nanotechnology 17, Drexler developed far reaching new ideas of the possibilities and risks of technologies on the nanoscale.
what would then be called nanoscale science and technology. Visits to leading research laboratories in Japan and Europe and workshops held in the United states, Europe,
the Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the NSTC Committee on Technology (which succeeded the IWGN) called for the involvement of social scientists across the board 38
and presented a vision for progress in nanotechnology from 2010 to 2020 3. Besides redefining the R&d goals for nanoscale science and engineering integration,
focused on interdisciplinary research at the nanoscale and was dominated by a science-centric ecosystem. The second foundational phase (2011 2020) is planned to be focused on the integration of nanoscale science
and engineering and the mass use of nanotechnology. The related future governance will be oriented on a user-centric ecosystem
But only in the end of the 1990s were disconnected the formerly fields of nanoscale science and engineering brought together under the broader umbrella definition of nanotechnology.
These early activities brought together the formerly unconnected fields of nanoscale science and engineering under a broad definition of nanotechnology and served as the foundation in developing long-term R&d visions and strategies.
Transf. 34 (2009) 320 342.9 M. C. Roco, Nanoscale science and engineering: unifying and transforming tools, AICHE J. 50 (2004) 890 897.10 M. Roco, Possibilities for global governance of converging technologies, J. Nanopart.
Soc. 24 (2002) 93 109.45 NSTC, National science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology, Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science Engineering and Technology, The National Nanotechnology Initiative:
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