First, the traditional and best established forms of FTA focus on the anticipation of rather gradual change that may require adjustments of how innovation systems are wired up'and what thematic,
and networkking Papers with a strong emphasis on the innovation system, tend to also address other dimensions and their interplay with the coordination mode.
what happens in the innovation system before and after FTA is conducted. Rijkens-Klomp and van der Duin (2012) have illustrated that
or innovation systems compatible with the underpinning culture, institutional conditions and availabbl capacities and resources. Such observations lead to diverse forms of organisational setups for FTA.
‘Wiring up the innovation system'.'Stimulating national and regional economic development through innovation. Guiding and/or complementiin competition and integratiio oriented governance.
technology and innovation (STI) policies and achieving impact on national innovation systems (NIS). They argue that external FTA services are useful
Cagnin, C.,Amanatidou, E. and Keenan, M. 2012)‘ Orienting European Innovation systems towards grand challenges and the roles that FTA can play',Science and Public policy, 39: 140 52.
Weber, M.,Havas, A. and Schartinger, D. 2011)‘ Exploring the potential impact of FLA on national innovation systems,
First, the innovation system literature highlights those organizations that particiipat in the emergence, diffusion and embedding innovatiions such as universities, public and private R&d organizations, companies and various intermediate organizattions and the collective learning processes between these organizations (Smits et al. 2010).
reorienttin the science and innovation system, demonstrating the vitality of the science and innovation system, bringing new actors into the strategic debate,
and all are part of the same research and innovation system. Co-ordination of research and innovation activities therefore needs to take into account possible links between different levels of transnational co-operation.
Indeed, today the research system is an integral part of the prevailing multilayered innovation system. Ko nno la et al.
regional and (international levels providing significant insights into the challennge of managing multilayered research and innovation systems.
Such challenges have been related to the systemic nature of innovation (Smits and Kuhlmann 2004), performmanc of innovation systems (Lundvall 1992;
In last two decades systemic challenges in research and innovation have lead to the development of systemic Embedding foresight in transnational research programming. 195 instruments for better preparedness, co-ordination and integrratio of research and innovation systems
and innovation system using a multitude of instruments, research activities, infrastructuure and institutions. The composition of the research consortium may also help to support horizontal co-ordination,
and innovation systems Figure 3. Process and result flexibility in modular foresight design for transnational research programming. 202.
building on diverse statistical and policy support databases and the plethora of documentation from different levels of research and innovation systems.
or when the research and innovation systems and capacities of the countries involved are highly diverse. 5. Conclusions Recent efforts in transnational research programming indicate that the mobilising effect of embedded foresight activities can lead to novel networking and cross-feeding of research and innovation
public administration and civil society in different levels of research innovation systems set a major managerial challenge how to prepare,
Martin, B. and Johnston, R. 1999)‘ Technology foresight for wiring up the national innovation system: Experiences in Britain, Australia and New zealand',Technological forecasting and Social Change, 60:37 54.
it is useful to consider the specifics of the‘Fraunhofer innovation system 'and the role of strategic R&d planning at the corporate level within this system.
Therefore, every research organisation and every actor in the innovation system has to position itself or himself in 236.
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